高考英语二轮复习 第2部分 专题3 破茧成蝶 秒杀语法填空

专题三 破茧成蝶 秒杀语法填空第一节高屋建瓴整体把握语篇型语法填空题旨在考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法知识的掌握情况，着重考查考生的综合语言运用能力。其“突出语篇，强调运用”的命题思路，不仅充分体现了语言测试的交际性原则，也很好地体现了高中英语课程改革的教学理念，要求考生需对常用语法项目的基本概念、用法等掌握清楚，如：明白什么时候用冠词，哪些是从句，要填的词的词性是什么，是否是固定搭配，所填的词是否符合文章的主题、上下文逻辑等。做语篇型语法填空需具备以下能力：阅读理解短文的能力；分析句子结构的能力；熟练运用语法的能力；单词拼写的能力。语篇型语法填空的考查范围：1语境(上下文)；2句法、词法：动词(时态、语态、虚拟语气、情态动词、主谓一致、非谓语动词)、名词单复数、代词、冠词、介词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级/最高级及构词法、特殊句式等。命题规律知趋向1材料字数：短文体一般约200词，对话体一般约180词。难度适中，符合高中中等学生的阅读水平。2考查形式分为给出提示词和不给提示词两种。给出提示词的包括：词形的转换(名词与动词的转换，形容词与副词的转换等)；形容词比较级与最高级的变化；名词单复数的变化；动词的时态、语态及词形的变化等；不给出提示词的包括：根据上下文的语境填入冠词、连词、代词、介词以及助动词等。3挖空一般比较均匀，所要填空的地方不会影响学生对短文的理解。解题技巧明方法1语篇掌控为先：通读全文、了解大意、弄清文章结构。篇章层面的理解主要包括文章主旨要义理解、作者观点、意图，句与句之间的关系以及时态变换等几个方面。2句子分析为主：理解句意、分析结构、找出成分、注意联系。分析句子结构是答题过程中非常关键的一步。做题时，首先确定句子的各个成分，还要注意各成分之间的联系。此时，要借助上下文的暗示或明示，确定需要填入词语的词性、形式和功能。3充分利用提示：有括号提示的空格可视作已知条件，要充分利用。先着手填入有括号的词语，注意时态、语态和名词的单复数。所剩的空格越少，文章的大意越清晰，语法填空的难度也就相对降低。4注意短语和句型：对于一些固定短语和句型一定要熟记，这对于正确解题帮助很大。5勿忘复核检查。填空完成后要重读全篇，仔细核查全文语法是否正确，语意是否通顺，逻辑是否合理等。同时要注意检查单词拼写是否正确，书写是否规范，大小写有无疏漏等细节。失分误区晓缺陷1对文章结构分析不清楚2对基础语法掌握不准3对词汇的词性变化反应不敏感4忽视语篇语境和上下文的逻辑关系5对固定搭配和固定句型不熟悉6对元音、辅音音素判断不清阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2016高考全国乙卷)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires，Asias biggest building，and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me，pandas are its top 61 (attract)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the notforprofit Panda Base，where ticket money helps pay for research.I 62 (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre.From tomorrow，I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be 63 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid1980s， 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent visit，I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by 68 (it) mother.The nursery team switches him every few 69 (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed， 70 other is with mumshe never suspects.语篇解析本文是一篇记叙文。成都涌现出很多百万富翁、亚洲最大的建筑以及豪华酒店，但这对于作者这样的游客来说，熊猫才是那里的魅力所在。作者与熊猫结下了不解之缘，被邀请担任成都熊猫基地在英国宣传大熊猫的大使，以前做记者时，还拍摄过关爱熊猫的片子呢。61解析：考查词性转换之动词变为名词。形容词top修饰空格处的名词，attract的名词形式是attraction，意思是“吸引人之物”。答案：attraction62解析：考查时态和被动语态。I与allow是被动关系，故用被动语态；又因上一句主句用过去时，可确定此句也用过去时。故填was allowed。答案：was allowed63解析：考查词性转换之形容词变为副词。空格处修饰过去分词given，故用副词修饰。official的副词形式是officially(官方地)。答案：officially64解析：考查介词。go back to追溯到，是固定搭配。句意：但是我和熊猫的渊源可以追溯到20世纪80年代中期我做一个电视节目的答案：to65解析：考查从属连词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是定语从句。定语从句修饰前面的the mid1980s，且从句缺少时间状语，故用when引导该定语从句。答案： when66解析：考查非谓语动词之过去分词。reporter与permit是被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。过去分词短语permitted to .作后置定语，修饰reporter。答案：permitted67解析：考查动名词。此处用动名词作include的宾语。答案：introducing68解析：考查代词。mother是名词，故此处填it的形容词性物主代词its。答案：its69解析：考查名词复数。“every few复数名词”意思是“每隔”。every few days每隔几天。答案：days70解析：考查冠词。one .the other .一个另一个答案：theA(2016山东省实验中学模拟)Id like to talk about the school system in Australia today.The school system in Australia does depend on 1. you go to a private school or a public school.In the state Im from，there are a lot of private schools，and generally they are singlesex high schools.The public high schools are generally 2. (mix)All of the private high schools insist that you should wear their school uniforms，3. that might mean 4. (wear)a school tie and a school jacket.However，the public high schools often give you a 5. (choose)of whether you want to wear a uniform or not.The school classes generally start anywhere 6. 8：30 and 9 oclock in the morning and run 7. 3：30 in the afternoon，and theyre followed by afterschool 8. (active)like sports and music and theater.The school year generally starts in the 9. (begin)of February，after our summer vacation，which lasts about six weeks around the Christmas period.The only thing I dont like about our school system is the idea of the difference in quality of education between the private and the public schools.It remains 10. (see)whether you can get a better education，even if you are in a private high school.Most of our public high schools are quite good.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了澳大利亚目前的学校教育体制。1解析：whether。考查连词。句意：澳大利亚的学校体制取决于你去的是私立学校还是公立学校。whether.or.意为“是还是”，符合语境。故填whether。2解析：mixed。考查语态。句意：公立高中通常是(男女)混合的。schools与mix之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且空格前已有be动词are。故填mix的过去分词mixed。3解析：and。考查连词。空格前后两句之间是并列关系。故填and。4解析：wearing。考查非谓语动词。mean doing表示“意味着做”；mean to do表示“打算做”。根据语境可知，此处表示“意味着”的含义。故填wearing。5解析：choice。考查词性转换。冠词后面常常接名词，且此处指公立高中常常会给你一个选择。故填choose的名词形式choice。6解析：between。考查介词。此处表示在8：30和9：00之间的某个时间点。between.and.为固定搭配，意为“在与之间”，符合语境。故填between。7解析：until/till。考查介词。句意：学校通常在上午8：30到9：00之间开始上课，一直上到下午3：30。根据句意可知，应填until/till。8解析：activities。考查词性转换。根据空格后的“like sports and music and theater”可知，空格处应用所给词的名词复数形式。故填activities。9解析：beginning。考查固定用法。根据语境可知，此处表示“二月初”。in the beginning of为固定用法，意为“在开始”。故填所给词的名词形式beginning。10解析：to be seen。考查非谓语动词。句意：即使你在私立高中学习，你是否就可以受到更好的教育，这还有待证实。remain to be seen意为“有待证实”，符合语境。故填to be seen。BI am a student and parttime waitress in Chicago.11. (grow) up，I was used to words such as “Dont talk to strangers”. As 12. result，I dont talk to unknown people at work except taking orders.One night，a little old man，probably in his eighties，came in. I took his order and went on my way. But I noticed that he came in week after week. Slowly，I began having short conversations with my new guest，13. name was Mr. Rodgers，but he insisted that I 14. him Don.I learned that he and his wife 15. (go) to dinner and a movie every Saturday. Since she had died，he carried on the tradition alone. I began looking forward to him 16. (come) in and telling me his movie reviews.As the 17. (week) went on I began to sit and really talk with Don. We talked about his wife，his days and his son. 18. (eventual)，we began to talk about my dreams and studies.Since meeting Don，I have learned that strangers can become friends and that life can be 19. (much) enjoyable if I make friendly conversations. After all，I became more than just his waitress.I became 20. (he) friend，too.【解题导语】作者认为我们应该和陌生人说话。通过与陌生人之间进行意外的友好谈话，我们的人生将会受到非比寻常的影响。11解析：Growing。考查非谓语动词。句中逻辑主语为I，与grow up为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。句意：从小到大，我一直习惯了诸如“别和陌生人说话”这样的话。12解析：a。考查冠词。as a result“结果”，为固定短语。句意：结果，我不会和不认识的人说话。13解析：whose。考查定语从句。先行词为new guest，在从句中作定语，故用关系代词whose。句意：我与我的新客人开始了一些简短的对话，他叫罗杰斯。14解析：call/should call。考查虚拟语气。句中insist“坚持要求”，后接从句用shouldv.原形的虚拟语气，should可以省略。句意：但他坚持让我称他为唐。15解析：had gone。考查时态。根据前句可知这里用过去完成时。句意：我了解到他和妻子以前每个周六都会在外共进晚餐，并且一起去看电影。16解析：coming。考查短语。look forward to“盼望”，为固定搭配，to为介词。句意：我开始盼望着他来就餐，告诉我他的电影观后感。17解析：weeks。考查名词。名词week为可数名词，故用复数形式。句意：时间一周一周地过去，我开始坐下来认真地和唐聊天。18解析：Eventually。考查副词。eventually “最后”，注意首字母大写。句意：后来，我们开始谈我的宏图大志，上学以及我对未来的期望。19解析：more。考查比较级。这里用比较级。句意：变得更快乐。20解析：his。考查代词。名词之前用代词的所有格。句意：我可不只是他的服务员，我成了他的朋友。CPlovdiv is situated in southcentral Bulgaria on the two banks of the Maritsa River. The city has historically developed on seven hills，some of 21. are 250m (820.21 ft) high. Because of these hills，Plovdiv is 22. (typical) referred to in Bulgaria as “The City of the Seven Hills”. Plovdivs history 23. (date) back to 6000 BC. Though originally it was 24. Thracian city，Plovdiv has been ruled by many empires over centuries. Later it 25. (conquer) by the Romans. Only in 1885 did the city become part of Bulgaria. Nowadays its the second 26. (large) city in Bulgaria and its a significant economic，educational and cultural centre.Plovdiv remains a popular 27. (choose) for vacation travel. I have been obsessed with the city 28. years.Last summer I was lucky 29. (spend) a couple of days in this city and I just fell in love with its narrow paved streets and neat beautiful houses! The Old Town is definitely worth 30. (see). It is overwhelmed with restaurants，workshops and museums that were previously famous houses.【解题导语】本文是说明文。作者主要介绍了保加利亚的城市普罗夫迪夫的位置、历史等信息，并提到了自己去这个城市旅游的经历。21解析：which。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，这里是“不定代词介词关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是hills，故用which。22解析：typically。考查副词。通常普罗夫迪夫在保加利亚被称为“七丘之城”。修饰动词应该用副词。typically意为“通常，典型地”。23解析：dates。考查时态。普罗夫迪夫的历史可追溯到公元前6000年。date back to“追溯到，开始于”，只用于一般现在时，且不能用于被动语态。24解析：a。考查冠词。尽管起初是一个色雷斯人的城市，但几个世纪以来普罗夫迪夫被很多帝国统治。根据句意可知，此处用不定冠词表示泛指。25解析：was conquered。考查时态和语态。后来普罗夫迪夫被罗马人征服了。根据“Later”和下句用的一般过去时可知，此处也应用一般过去时，表示发生在过去的动作，且it(指代Plovdiv)与conquer“征服”之间是动宾关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。26解析：largest。考查形容词的最高级。现在普罗夫迪夫是保加利亚的第二大城市。根据空前的“the second”可知，此处应用形容词large的最高级形式。27解析：choice。考查名词。普罗夫迪夫仍然是一个受欢迎的度假旅游的选择。由空前的“a popular”和空后的“for”可知，此处应用名词。choice“选择”。28解析：for。考查介词。由句中的“have been obsessed”以及“years”可知，此处用介词for，表示一段时间。29解析：to spend。考查非谓语动词。去年夏天，我很幸运在这个城市度过了几天。本句是sb.beadj.to do sth.句型，故用不定式。30解析：seeing。考查非谓语动词。be worth doing“某事值得做”，此处动名词只能用主动形式表示被动含义。第二节有根可寻攻克提示类1括号内提供的是动词首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后根据以下两点进行思考。(1)若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态。【典例1】(2016高考全国甲卷)Then，handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 42 (achieve)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43 (be) often acceptable.答案及剖析：42.achievement考查词性转换之动词变为名词。介词of后要用名词形式，achieve的名词形式是achievement。43is考查时态和主谓一致。单个的动名词短语leaving .作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式，又因为文章主体时态是一般现在时，故填is。(2)若句中已有谓语动词，但不是并列谓语动词时，所给动词就是非谓语动词；若是非谓语动词就要确定是v.ing形式，v.ed形式，还是不定式。确定的方法主要有：作主语或宾语时，通常用v.ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况；作伴随状语时，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词(v.ing)；若是被动关系，用过去分词(v.ed)；作目的状语、形容词后的状语时，一般用不定式。【典例2】(2015高考全国卷)The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 41 (build)by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by .答案及剖析：built1.由谓语动词are admired可知此处填非谓语动词；2.adobe dwellings与build是被动关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。【典例3】(2015高考全国卷).a house without 44 (use) electric equipment.答案及剖析：using由空格前的介词without可知空格处应该使用动名词形式。【典例4】(2016高考全国甲卷)If you find something you love doing outside of the office，youll be less likely 49 (bring) your work home.答案及剖析：to bring考查动词不定式。be likely to do sth.可能做某事。句意：如果你发现在办公室之外有喜欢做的事情，你把工作带回家的可能性就小了。【典例5】(2016黑龙江哈尔滨模拟)My first football (compete)was in Nagoya，Japan several years ago.答案及剖析：competition提示词虽是动词compete，但分析句子结构可知，句中缺少的是主语，由名词football修饰，故空处需用名词形式，依据语意可知，此处表示“自己的第一次足球比赛”。2括号内提供的是形容词或副词(1)如果括号内提供的是形容词，一般是考查副词，即要变成副词形式；如果括号内提供的是副词，一般是考查形容词，即要变成形容词形式。【典例1】(2014高考全国卷)The river was so polluted that it 62 (actual)caught fire and burned.答案及剖析：actually提示词为形容词actual，分析句子结构可知，空处在句中修饰谓语动词caught，故应该用其副词形式actually。(2)有时也要根据语境判断是否要变成名词形式或否定含义。【典例2】(2016吉林长春模拟)At last，her courage and (wise)impressed both the CEO and Princeton University.答案及剖析：wisdom提示词为形容词wise，分析句子结构可知，空处与前面的名词courage是并列成分，一起在句中充当主语，故要用其名词形式wisdom。(3)比较等级通常有表示范围的in/of介词短语或形容词前有the时，一般要用最高级；than的前面一定要用比较级。【典例3】(2016高考全国甲卷)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of 41 (great) and less importance.答案及剖析：greater考查形容词比较等级。and连接并列成分，由and后的less可知，空格处也要用形容词的比较级。great的比较级是greater。【典例4】(2016贵州贵阳模拟)One of the (bad)gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher .答案及剖析：worst提示词为形容词bad，空处为one of the名词复数形式，表示“其中之一”，范围是三者或三者以上，因此形容词需要用最高级形式worst。3括号内提供的是名词(1)如果空格是在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或形容词之后，则应考虑填名词。但不要忘记考虑名词是否变复数。【典例1】(2014高考全国卷)While there are amazing stories of instant transformation，for most of us the 69 (change)are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.答案及剖析：changes提示词为名词change，根据本句中谓语动词部分是系动词are，说明主语应该是一个复数形式的名词，所以使用changes。(2)当括号内提供的是名词时，还可能考查形容词、副词、动词等。【典例2】(2014高考全国卷)Just be 70 (patience)答案及剖析：patient提示词为名词patience，但空格前为系动词be，故应用其形容词形式在句中作表语。【典例3】(2015高考全国卷)As 49 (nature)architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out .答案及剖析：natural结合空格后的architects可知应该用形容词作定语，修饰名词，因此填natural。【典例4】(2016河北唐山模拟)A certain man planted a rose and watered it (faith)and before it blossomed，he examined it.答案及剖析：faithfully提示词为名词faith，但空处在句中作状语，修饰动词watered，故应用其副词形式。注意：先将名词faith变成形容词faithful，然后再变成副词faithfully。4词性转换题词性的判断主要是通过分析句子的成分来确定。一般情况下可以作如下分析：(1)表语、定语和补语一般由形容词充当，有时也可以是动名词、现在分词和过去分词等。【典例1】(2014高考全国卷样题)I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table when I went to answer the phone.But someone must have taken them because theyre (go)答案及剖析：gone提示词为动词go，因空处在句中作表语，故应用其形容词形式：gone adj.“离去的，不见的”。句意：因为三明治不见了，所以肯定有人把它们拿走了。(2)修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。【典例2】Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 45 (slow)during cool nights，thus warming the house.答案及剖析：slowly根据空格前的give out that heat可知，这里应使用副词修饰动词短语，指缓慢地(slowly)释放白天吸收的热量。(3)作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。【典例3】(2016宁夏银川模拟)A new opera，written by a secondgeneration NigerianAmerican，tells the story of Harriet Tubman，who escaped from slavery and led others to (free)a century and a half ago.答案及剖析：freedom提示词为形容词free，因空处位于介词to之后，故应用其名词形式在句中作宾语。注意：lead to中的to为介词。(4)在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(形容词)”后，用名词形式。【典例4】(2015高考全国卷)In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 43 (able)to “air condition”a house without using (use)electric equipment.答案及剖析：ability空格前的their是形容词性物主代词，其后应该接名词。【典例5】(2016海南海口模拟)What came out of his mouth surprised me.Id never heard a more comforting (explain)答案及剖析：explanation提示词为动词explain，因空格前有不定冠词a，故此处应用其名词形式，意为“我从来没有听过比这更安慰人心的解释”。.用所给词的适当形式填空1The other day he wrote a letter to me to express his (thank)for my invitation.2Their unexpected (arrive)threw our plan into confusion.3(2015高考全国卷)A few hours (before/earlier) ，Id been at home in Hong Kong，with (it)choking smog.4The reporter said that the UFO (travel)east to west when he saw it.5He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all，he (play)it for a very long time.6Jim (watch)a film at home when，right in the middle of a thrilling scene，the television went blank.7The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.8When Chinese aid groups arrived in Japanese disaster area，they did their best (help)the sick and the wounded.9I think watching TV every evening is a waste of timethere are (much)meaningful things to do.10How this happened (remain)unclear now.11Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother (take)good care of at home.12In the near future，more advances in the robot technology (make)by scientists.13Tsinghua University， (found)in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures.14He must be (mental)disabled.15People stepped on your feet or (push)you with their elbows，hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.16I got on the bus and found a seat near the back and then I noticed a man sitting at the front.He (pretend)that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.17He walked in as if he (buy)the school.18The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love.Nothing could be (sweet)19The higher you stand，the (far)you will see.20Despite Crabtrees professional and family success，those around her had noted her (satisfy)with not finishing school.1解析：thanks。句意：那天他写信给我表达他对我的邀请的感谢。thank用作名词表示“感谢”时，只用复数形式，不用单数形式，类似的还有wishes，regards等。2解析：arrival。空格前面是形容词，且此空格处在句中作主语，所以这里要用名词形式。动词arrive的名词形式为arrival，类似的还有survive(survival)。句意：他们的突然到来打乱了我们的计划。3解析：its。这里指香港的令人窒息的烟雾，因此填物主代词its“它的”，指香港的。4解析：was travelling。分析句子结构可知，宾语从句中含有一个when引导的时间状语从句，强调他看见时“the UFO”正在发生的动作。再根据句子时态可知应用过去进行时。5解析：had played。根据题意可知，他演奏吉他的动作发生在他卖(sold)吉他之前，故用过去完成时。6解析：was watching。此处考查固定句型“was/were doing sth. when .”，意为“正在做某事的时候，这时(突然)”。7解析：to be completed。首先可判断出此处需要填上一个非谓语动词作“The airport”的后置定语；根据句中的“next year”可知此处表示“明年将竣工的机场”，且airport与complete之间为动宾关系，故用动词不定式to be done结构。8解析：to help。考查不定式作目的状语的用法。此处表示“他们尽最大努力去帮助病人和伤员”。9解析：more。考查形容词的比较级。根据句意“我认为每晚看电视是浪费时间，因为有(比看电视)更有意义的事情可以做”可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。10解析：remains。当从句用作主语时，主句的谓语动词通常用单数。根据句中的now可知应用一般现在时。句意：这件事怎样发生的现在还不清楚。11解析：taken。句意：在非洲提供了两年的医疗服务，李医生回来后十分高兴地看到母亲在家得到了很好的照顾。本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。宾语his mother与动词短语take good care of之间为逻辑上的被动关系且表示完成，故用过去分词形式。12解析：will be made。根据句意和空格后的介词by可知，空格处应用被动语态；再根据句中的in the near future可知，应用一般将来时。13解析：founded。由于Tsinghua University(清华大学)与found(成立)之间为被动关系，即清华大学被成立于1911年，故用过去分词。14解析：mentally。修饰分词形容词disabled，作状语，用副词形式，故填mentally。15解析：pushed。空处是主语people的谓语，它的并列谓语是stepped，可知时态、语态与主谓一致。故填pushed。16解析：was pretending。该空是主语He的谓语，上句谓语是got，found和noticed，本句后有并列谓语动词giving，可知本句谓语应用过去进行时。主语与谓语应为主动关系，主语也是单数。故填was pretending。17解析：had bought。在主格人称代词he后，显然是作谓语；又因作为一个学生，他不可能是买下了这个学校，故应当用虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，故填had bought。18解析：sweeter。用nothing与an act of kindness and love相对比，这里是用比较级的否定形式表示最高级，因此答案是sweeter。19解析：farther。考查“the比较级.，the比较级.”句式，故设空处需用far的比较级形式，即farther。20解析：dissatisfaction。由上文的her和下文的with分析，此处该用satisfy的名词形式satisfaction，而后文的not finishing school则进一步暗示，Crabtree对此耿耿于怀而并不满意，故用否定含义的名词dissatisfaction。.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。ADuring the American Civil War，a young man 1. (name) Roswell McIntyre was drafted into the army. The war was not going well. The army needed 2. (soldier) so much that he was sent into battle without being trained. Roswell became frightened and ran. Later he 3. (sentence) to be shot for desertion. Roswells mother appealed to President Lincoln，4. (beg) that he was young and inexperienced，and that he needed 5. second chance.Lincoln thought and prayed. Then he wrote an 6. (admiration) statement. “I have noticed，” he said，“that it never does a boy much good to shoot him.” He wrote this letter in his own handwriting: “Roswell McIntyre 7. (be)to be readmitted into the army. When he serves out his required enlistment(服兵役期)，he will be freed of any charges of desertion.”That letter，signed by President Lincoln，is 8. display in the Library of Congress. Beside it there is a note，9. reads，“This letter was taken from the body of Roswell McIntyre，who died respectably at the Battle of Five Forks in Virginia.” Now you might be 10. (vast) surprised at the power of forgiveness.【解题导语】本文通过美国南北战争中林肯赦免一个年轻逃兵的故事告诉我们宽恕的力量。1解析：named。考查非谓语动词。name sb.(as)sth.“将某人命名为”，a young man与name之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。2解析：soldiers。考查名词的数。军队需要的士兵不止一个，所以用可数名词的复数形式。3解析：was sentenced。考查动词的时态和语态。这里讲述的是过去发生的事情，应该用一般过去时。sentence是“判决”的意思，与he之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。4解析：begging。考查非谓语动词。句子中已经有appealed作谓语，故此处不需要谓语，而是用非谓语动词作状语，Roswells mother与beg之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词。注意以重读闭音节结尾的动词的现在分词要双写结尾的辅音字母。5解析：a。考查冠词的用法。a序数词another。6解析：admirable。考查形容词。然后他写了一句令人钦佩的话。修饰名词statement应该用形容词。admirable意为“令人钦佩的”。7解析：is。考查时态和主谓一致。由后面的“serves”可知此处用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故用is。8解析：on。考查介词。on display“在展出中”，为固定短语。9解析：which。考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a note，且在从句中作主语，故只能用which引导该定语从句。注意：that不能引导非限制性定语从句。10解析：vastly。考查副词。现在你可能会对宽恕的力量感到非常惊讶。应用副词修饰形容词surprised。vastly“非常”。BThe power of writingSometimes，a persons whole life is easily changed by something unexpected. Matthew Newman had a hard time 11. (make) friends in