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Unit 4 Sharing. .阅读理解 Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full-time job. The two people willingly act as part-time workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full-time worker. If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 per cent of the jobs wages, its holidays and its other benefits. Job sharing differs from conventional part-time work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment. Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather, is to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities. As would be expected, most job sharers are women. A survey carried out in 2010 by Britains Equal Opportunities Commission showed that 78 percent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age. Subsequent studies have come up with similar results. Many of these women were reentering the job market after having had children, but they chose not to seek part-time work because it would have meant lower status. Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full-time work after a long absence. The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional one-position jobs. However, to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position. Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones. In sum, for a position to be job-shared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals.1.In what way is work sharing different from job sharing?A.Work sharing requires more working hours.B.Work sharing is aimed at creating more jobs.C.Work sharing provides a more satisfactory salary.D.Work sharing depends on the employers decision.2.According to Paragraph 4, young mothers preferred job sharing to conventional part-time work mainly because_.A.they sought higher social statusB.they were over ideal working agesC.they had difficulty finding full-time jobsD.they had to take care of both work and family3.In job sharing the partners should_.A.enjoy equal social statusB.have similar work experienceC.keep in touch with each otherD.know each other very well4.The main purpose of the passage is to_.A.recommend job sharing to womenB.discuss how to provide more jobsC.describe job sharing in generalD.compare job sharing with work sharingAmericans use many expressions with the word “dog”. People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well. 5 However, dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life. The expression, to lead a dogs life, describes a person who has an unhappy existence.Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world. 6 They say that to be successful, a person has to work like a dog. This means they have to work very, very hard. Such hard work can make people dog-tired. And, the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog.7 This means that even the most unimportant person enjoys a successful period during his or her life. To be successful, people often have to learn new skills. Yet, some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks. They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things.8 People who are unkind or uncaring can be described as meaner than a junkyard dog. Junkyard dogs live in places where people throw away things they do not want. Mean dogs are often used to guard this property. They bark or attack people who try to enter the property. However, sometimes a person who appears to be mean and threatening is really not so bad. We say his bark is worse than his bite.Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather. The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year. A rainstorm may cool the weather. But we do not want it to rain too hard. 9 A. Still, people say every dog has its day.B. We do not want it to rain cats and dogs.C. Some people are compared to dogs in bad ways.D. Dogs are their best friend and they are loyal to people.E. There are many other expressions waiting for you to explore.F. That means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs.G. They take their dogs for walks, let them play outside and give them good food and medical care.完形填空Two extremes in lifeIt has been so bitterly cold here in Pennsylvania. I cant remember a winter being as cold as this, but Im sure there were 1 days. Even though the daylight hours are growing longer minute by minute, its easy to find a(n) 2 not to go out unless you absolutely must, but then again I often have to push myself to 3 things.As I stood outside with my two dogs yesterday, it was so cold that my nose and face 4 crisp and my cars were stinging. Of course, that doesnt 5 to Ricky and Lucy. They have a routine they must 6 to find just the fight spot no matter how cold or hot it is. So I wait.But this time it was 7 . As cold as it was, I suddenly was 8 thinking about how wonderful this extreme cold really was. Then the sun 9 the clouds and 10 of summers burning hot days flashed through my mind. I could remember standing in the heat of the afternoon, 11 pouring down my brow and the burning hot sun 12 my face. I reminded myself then and there that in the cold of the winter I would wish I had this 13 .I was right. Two extremes in my life that most of the time I find 14 , I normally dread them and 15 about it all the way through. But today I was 16 them. Without the extremes in my life, I would never 17 the days when things were just right. Without the extremes life would be 18 . So bring on the cold so I appreciate the heat more. Make me sweat on a hot summers day so I wish I had a handful of 19 to rub my face in.I used to complain about my situation too often. But now I want to start finding a reason to be 20 with where I am.1.A. colder B. hotterC. warmer D. cooler2.A. cause B. reasonC. excuse D. intention3.A. allow B. adoptC. adjust D. accomplish4.A. appeared B. feltC. smelt D. sounded5.A. object B. respondC. matter D. appeal6.A. keep up B. take onC. look through D. go through7.A. different B. apparentC. awful D. true8.A. convinced B. refreshedC. discouraged D. puzzled9.A. broke up B. broke downC. broke through D. broke off10.A. symptoms B. evidencesC. signals D. memories11.A. rain B. sweatC. tears D. water12.A. against B. beyondC. down D. off13.A. degree B. warmthC. heat D. sight14.A. thrilling B. uncomfortableC. outstanding D. amusing15.A. complain B. talkC. argue D. think16.A. tired of B. enthusiastic aboutC. confused about D. grateful for17.A. spend B. appreciateC. forget D. have18.A. attracting B. amazingC. boring D. interesting19.A. snow B. sandC. earth D. cream20.A. careful B. dissatisfiedC. angry D. happy.短文改错Today， my foreign teacher Tim and I went to the Peoples Park togetherWe take a taxi and it wasnt long before we arrived at the parkAt seeing the green trees and beautiful flower，Tim couldnt wait to take picturesIt was at that moment when we found his camera was missingHe was very worried but searched all over his backpackSadly，he just couldnt find itSuddenly it struck to me that he might have left it in the taxiSo I immediately got touch with the taxi companyAbout half an hour later，the driver returned the cameraBoth of us were gratefully to the driver，and Tim，in particular，insisted on have a photo taken with himTim and I enjoyed themselves during the rest of the day答案.阅读理解语篇导读：文章介绍了工作岗位分享制（job sharing），包括它的特点，与工作分享（work sharing）的区别，现状和要求等。1.B细节理解题。由第三段第1句话可知工作分享是指通过缩短劳动时间、共同分享工作，保证大家都有工作可干而不至于失业，从而达到稳定就业的目的。故选B项。2.A细节理解题。由第四段倒数第2句可知答案为A项。3.D细节理解题。由最后一段第2句可知在申请工作之前，合作伙伴要相互了解各自的优势，弱点和喜好。4.C主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文是从大体上介绍工作岗位分享制。语篇导读：美国人爱狗，反映在其语言里，有很多与狗有关的谚语。B 美国人爱狗，反映在其语言里，有很多与狗相关的谚语。5.【解析】上文说到：美国人爱狗，善待狗，这是总的情况，选项G是爱狗的具体表现：遛狗，让狗在户外玩，给狗好吃的甚至为狗办医疗。【答案】G6.【解析】上文用了谚语“a dog-eat-dog world”，从字面上可以看出这是一个很残酷的社会，其意应为F，很多人为了某事而竞争。【答案】F7.【解析】从其后的注释：人在其一生中享有成功的时候，可知“every dog has its day（凡人皆有得意时）”符合题意。【答案】A8.【解析】下文说的是：没有爱心的人被描述为“废品旧货栈里的狗”，它们喜吠喜袭击人，是不受欢迎的狗，因此，C项some people are compared to dogs in bad ways符合题意。【答案】C9.【解析】上文说到：人们亦用狗来描述天气，而选项中rain是表天气的，且与上文But we do not want it to rain too hard吻合。【答案】B.完形填空语篇导读：无论身处何处，我总会找一个让自己不快乐的理由。但我将不再这样，我将为眼前的处境找一个开心的理由1.A在我的记忆中，我不曾记得在冬天里会这么冷过，但是我肯定会有“更冷的”天气。文章谈的是两种极端的天气，开头就说很“冷”，所以后来的天气会更“冷”而不是更“暖和”。2.C外面太冷，这绝对是个很好的“借口”只要你想待在屋子里面不出去。excuse一般多指主观上的“理由，托词”，语义符合此处语境。3.D但是以此为借口后呢，时常我不得不赶工“完成”那些（因偷闲而没有完成的）工作。accomplish things完成事情。4.B由于太冷了以至于我的鼻子和脸蛋都变得皱皱的了，我的汽车上也满是冰刺。feel意为“摸上去有感觉”。5.C这种极端的温度对它们来说是小意思。It doesnt matter固定搭配，意为“无关紧要”。6.D他们还是“按照以前的方式”，无论天气有多么糟糕，必须通过争斗来抢夺地盘。go through 此处有“通过才行”之意，a routine意为“惯例”。本句可调整为：They must go through a routine to find.A项“保持惯例”也讲得通，但是语言效果不及D项生动。7.A现在跟以前有点 “不太一样”。这是一个过渡句，下面内容就是围绕“different”讲起。8.B当我突然想到寒冷有多么美妙后，不由精神为之一振。feel refreshed意为“感到凉爽，感到有精神”。9.C阳光“透过”云层而来。break through意为“突围，突破”，这里指阳光穿透云层，符合语境。 break off 折断，中断；break down出故障，破裂，（身体）垮了；break up分解，分手。10.D我突然联想到夏天里那灼热般的情景。(memories，ideas.) flash through ones mind意为“闪过脑海”。11.B我记起午后站在外面，感到热浪而来，“汗珠”从我眼眉而落。由于是炎热的夏季，流出来的自然是汗珠。 12.A灼热的阳光照在我的脸上。against此处表示“对照，衬托”。13.C从那时起，当我在寒冷的冬日里面，我就喜欢我能有这样“温暖的”感受。由于这里作者感受到的是来自夏日的温暖，所以用heat比warm更贴切。14.B我生活的大部分时间内不得不在这两种“不舒服的”极端天气里面度过。15.A一般来讲，我都不愿意过这两个季节，在这样的日子里面，我都会“满腹牢骚”。16.D但是在今天的日子里，我为能拥有像这样的时候而“心存感激”。从后文可知，作者在生活的两极里找到了快乐的理由，因此他应该感激这样的生活。17.B生活中要是没有这样完全不同的时光，我就不会为不冷又不热的好时光而“心怀感恩”。本句是承接上文作者的观点，进一步解释“为什么”要心存感激，所以选appreciate,意为“感激，欣赏”。18.C要是没有这样的日子，生活也许会“无趣”很多。本句是作者给出的一个反面论述的理由，所以排除同类项A、B、D。19.A在满是流汗的夏日里，我倒是期望下那么一两场“小雪”，让丝丝凉意来擦拭我脸上的汗珠。20.D不过我已不再这么去想，当下里我只想马上找出“幸福快乐”的理由。用happy有力地表现了两极生活给作者思想上带来的巨大变化，突出了文章的主题。.短文改错Today， my foreign teacher Tim and I went to the Peoples Park togetherWe take a taxi tookand it wasnt long before we arrived at the park At seeing the green trees and beautiful Onflower， Tim couldnt wait to take picturesIt was at that moment when we found his camera flowers thatwas missingHe was very worried but searched all over his backpackSadly， he just couldnt andfind itSuddenly it struck /to me that he might have left it in the taxiSo I immediately got in occurred intouch with the taxi companyAbout half an hour later， the driver returned the cameraBoth of us were gratefully to the driver，and Tim， in particular， insisted on have a photo taken grateful havingwith himTim and I enjoyed themselves during the rest of the dayourselves
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