高考英语二轮复习 第三部分 题型强化训练 专题一 阅读理解 第2课时 高瞻远瞩-锁定主旨大意类题目

专题一 阅读理解 第2课时 高瞻远瞩-锁定主旨大意类题目题组一体验真题Passage 1体裁：议论文话题：沉默的解读词数：329时间：7(2016全国卷，D)The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful，or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people，just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore，when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops，what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures，silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways，particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example，Russian，French，and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However，Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use，persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect，particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other caregivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。不同的文化对于沉默有着不同的解读。有的认为沉默意味着深思熟虑或脑海中一片空白；有的认为沉默就是执拗；也有的把沉默当成理解他人的必备谈话技巧而倍加珍视。1What does the author say about silence in conversations?AIt implies anger. BIt promotes friendship.CIt is culturespecific. DIt is contentbased.答案C推理判断题。由第一段中的thoughtful，empty，stubbornness，extremely uncomfortable，necessity等关键词可以看出，不同文化对于沉默的解读是有很大差异的，意即它与特定的文化有关。因此答案为C。2Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?AThe Chinese. BThe French.CThe Mexicans. DThe Russians.答案A推理判断题。题干中的“as a call for careful thought”与第二段末句“a call for reflection”相对应，reflection意思是“审慎的思考”，再联系本段首句可知答案为A。3What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?ALet it continue as the patient pleases.BBreak it while treating patients.CEvaluate its harm to patients.DMake use of its healing effects.答案D推理判断题。第四段讲述护理人员对于病人沉默的处理技巧。由末句可知答案只能选D。4What may be the best title for the text?ASound and SilenceBWhat It Means to Be SilentCSilence to Native AmericansDSpeech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold答案B标题归纳题。全文自始至终都是围绕沉默而展开，论述其在不同文化中的含义及影响。因此答案为B。值得注意的是，D项(言语是银，沉默是金)迷惑性较大，但用它作标题，过于片面，不能概括全文。Passage 2体裁：说明文话题：图书分享活动词数：250时间：6(2016全国卷，C)Reading can be a social activity.Think of the people who belong to book groups.They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them.Now，the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share.BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place，hoping that the book will have an adventure，traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds itBruce Peterson，the managing director of BookCrossing，says，“The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read.BookCrossing combines both.”Members leave books on park benches and buses，in train stations and coffee shops.Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.Emails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found.Bruce Peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟)The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirtyfive countries.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了BookCrossing.com网站所举办的图书分享活动，内容涉及这一活动的目的和一些具体情况。5Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?ATo explain what they are.BTo introduce BookCrossing.CTo stress the importance of reading.DTo encourage readers to share their ideas.答案B目的意图题。根据第一段内容可知，作者谈到读书小组经常在一起阅读、讨论，是为了介绍有此功能的BookCrossing.com网站。6What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AThe book.BAn adventure.CA public place.DThe identification number.答案A代词指代题。根据本句的内容可知，那些把书留在在公共场所的人希望自己的书能够随着阅读它的人走得更远。本句的it指代前面的the book。7What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?AMeet other readers to discuss it.BKeep it safe in his bookcase.CPass it on to another reader.DMail it back to its owner.答案C推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句话可知，让书蒙尘是一种很自私的行为，这个网站的目的正是鼓励人们与他人分享图书，所以拿到书的人读完后最有可能继续把书传递给其他的读者。8What is the best title for the text?AOnline Reading: A Virtual TourBElectronic Books: A new TrendCA Book Group Brings Tradition BackDA Website Links People through Books答案D标题概括题。通读全文可知，这个网站把人们生命中最重要的两个事物人和书紧密联系在一起。故D项最能概括全文主旨。Passage 3体裁：说明文话题：苹果节词数：277时间：7(2016全国卷，C)If you are a fruit groweror would like to become onetake advantage of Apple Day to see whats around.Its called Apple Day but in practice its more like Apple Month.The day itself is on October 21，but since it has caught on，events now spread out over most of October around Britain.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see，and often taste，a wide variety of apples.To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets，it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence，such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.Although it doesnt taste of anything special，its still worth a try，as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cats Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions.One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette，but youll need a warm，sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it，so its a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.At the events，you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions，and because these are family affairs，children are well catered for with applethemed fun and games.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit，including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园)If you want to have a real orchard experience，try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale，near Faversham in Kent.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国的苹果节。9What can people do at the apple events?AAttend experts lectures.BVisit fruitloving families.CPlant fruit trees in an orchard.DTaste many kinds of apples.答案D细节理解题。根据第二段中首句Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see，and often taste，a wide variety of apples.可知，在苹果节人们可以尝到各种各样的苹果。故选 D。10What can we learn about Decio?AIt is a new variety. BIt has a strange look.CIt is rarely seen now. DIt has a special taste.答案C细节理解题。根据第二段末句.as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cats Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.可知，Decio是一种很罕见的苹果。故选C。11What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?AA practical idea. BA vain hope.CA brilliant plan. DA selfish desire.答案B词义猜测题。根据.but youll need a warm，sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it，和.for most apple lovers who fall for it.可知，对大多数苹果爱好者来说，种植这种苹果是无法实现的。故选B。12What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo show how to grow apples.BTo introduce an apple festival.CTo help people select apples.DTo promote apple research.答案B写作意图题。纵观全文推知，作者主要介绍了英国的苹果节。故选B。Passage 4体裁：说明文话题：食品词数：320时间：7(2015安徽卷，E)Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways.Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust.Food can also have a specific meaning，and play a significant role in a family or cultures celebrations or traditions.The foods we eatand when and how we eat themare often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban areas within one country.Sharing bread，whether during a special occasion (时刻) or at the family dinner table，is a common symbol of togetherness.Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests.Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread，so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations.In the southern United States，pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (兴旺) in the New Year.In Greece，people share a special cake called vasilopita.A coin is put into the cake，which signifies (预示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child，and food can play a significant role.In China，when a baby is one month old，families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving redcolored eggs to guests.In many cultures，round foods such as grapes，bread，and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.Nutrition is necessary for life，so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.【语篇解读】该篇介绍了食品作为一种交流的两个基本方面，来说明它是世界各地不同文化的一个重要组成部分。13According to the passage，sharing bread_Aindicates a lack of foodBcan help to develop unityCis a custom unique to rural areasDhas its roots in birthday celebrations答案B细节理解题。由第一段.can promote unity and trust可知。14What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year?ATrust. BSuccess.CHealth.DTogetherness.答案B细节理解题。由第三段signifies (预示).success in the New Year可知。15The author explains the role of food in celebrations by_Ausing examplesBmaking comparisonsCanalyzing causesDdescribing processes答案A推理判断题。由第三段可知。16What is the passage mainly about?AThe custom of sharing food.BThe specific meaning of food.CThe role of food in ceremonies.DThe importance of food in culture.答案D主旨大意题。由最后一段可知。Passage 5体裁：说明文话题：艺术词数：360时间：8(2015重庆卷，E)The values of artistic works，according to cultural relativism(相对主义)，are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions.Such a view，however，fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world.It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls，as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries.Unique works of this kind are different from todays popular art，even if they began as works of popular art.They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.In a 1757 essay，the philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature，”the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent.He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years.Works of this type，he believed，spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art.For example，evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the longlasting themes and plot devices in fiction.The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before.Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.【语篇解读】本文是说明文，主要介绍了艺术作品是永恒受欢迎的，原因是人类的审美具有共同性，并且就此展开说明。17According to the passage，what do we know about cultural relativism?AIt introduces different cultural values.BIt explains the history of artistic works.CIt relates artistic values to local conditions.DIt excites the human mind throughout the world.答案C细节推断题。根据文章第一句可知相对主义文化是地方社会和经济状况的反应。故选择C。18In Paragraph 2，the artists are mentioned in order to show that _Agreat works of art can go beyond national boundariesBhistory gives art works special appeal to set them apartCpopular arts are hardly distinguishable from great artsDgreat artists are skilled at combining various cultures答案A细节推断题。根据第二段列举的三个例子可以看出艺术作品是没有国界的。故选择A。19According to Hume，some works of art can exist for centuries because _Athey are results of scientific studyBthey establish some general principles of artCthey are created by the worlds greatest artistsDthey appeal to unchanging features of human nature答案D细节推断题。根据文章第三段第一句the philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature，”the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent.可知，选择D。20Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?AAre Artistic Values Universal?BAre Popular Arts Permanent?CIs Human Nature Uniform?DIs Cultural Relativism Scientific?答案A主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了艺术作品是永恒受欢迎的，因此其价值也是共同的。题组二尝试模拟Passage 1(2016青岛高三模拟)Budget cuts and an increased focus on testing have made field trips，once a popular way to get students out of the classroom，increasingly rare.“Local school districts dont have the funds (money kept for particular purposes) anymore，” says Stephanie Norby，director of the Smithsonian Center for Education and Museum Studies in Washington，D.C.The Smithsonian museums are some of the most popular field trip destinations in the country.Although there is little hard data to definitively prove that schools are taking fewer field trips，Norby says it seems as though fewer schools have visited the Smithsonian in recent years.Money once spent on field trips is being spent to help students prepare for standardized tests that might make or break a teachers evaluation，according to Randi Weingarten，president of the American Federation of Teachers，a union that represents more than 1 million educators nationwide.“In school these days，if people have a dollar to spare，they spend it on test prep because they get regulated there，” she says.Field trips provide students with a window to the real world that they dont get in the classroom，and they can help students understand realworld applications of seemingly abstract topics in math and science，says Weingarten.Susan Singer，CEO of Field Trip Factory，an organization that has spent the last 18 years designing free field trip outlines for schools nationwide，says she thinks schools are merely scheduling around testing.“During testing periods，we dont see a lot of field trips，” she says.“Either right before or right after a standardized test，we get a shut door.”Spending time outside the classroom doesnt mean students arent learning knowledge that could show up on standardized tests.Several studies have shown that students acquire more information and skills through the type of experiencebased learning that field trips provide when compared to inclass learning.A field trip should be relevant to topics students are studying in school.That way，the Smithsonians Norby says，it will have a lasting effect.【语篇解读】本文是议论文。因为预算减少、忙于备考，学校组织的实地考查正在减少。1Why is it difficult for schools to take field trips according to Norby?AStudents dislike the trips.BThey are short of finances.CThey have fewer destinations.DField trips are harder to organize.答案B细节理解题。由第二段中的Local school districts dont have the funds (money kept for particular purposes) anymore可知，学校没有专款用于实地考查，因此开展实地考查变得困难了。2What do we learn from Weingarten?AStandardized tests can measure student learning.BMoney for field trips is used for test preparation.CSchools education budgets are properly regulated.DSchools encourage students to know the real world.答案B细节理解题。由第三段中的Money once spent on field trips is being spent to help students prepare for standardized tests可知，Weingarten说用于实地考查的资金被用在备考上了。3In the authors opinion，field trips _Amay lead to lower test scoresBsometimes waste a lot of timeChelp students gain more knowledgeDare less important than inclass learning答案C推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知，作者认为实地考查能够帮助学生获得更多的知识。4The text is mainly about _Athe advantages of inclass learningBthe effect of standardized testsCthe problem of budget cutsDthe decline of field trips答案D主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要关注的是实地考查减少的问题。Passage 2(2016石家庄市高三调研)Shopping centers，stadiums and universities may soon have a new tool to help fight crime.A California company called Knightscope says its robots can predict and prevent crime.Knightscope says the goal is to reduce crime by half in areas the robots guard.William Santana Li is the chief executive officer of Knightscope.He says，“These robot security guards will change the world.Our planet has seven billion people on it.Its going to quickly get to nine billion people.The security equipment that we have globally is just not going to develop that fast.The companys Autonomous Data Machines can become the eyes and ears of law enforcement (执行)”“You want it to be machines plus humans.Let the machines do the heavy and sometimes dangerous work and let the humans do the strategic decisionmaking work，so its always working all together.”The machines are one and a half meters tall and weigh 136 kilograms.They do not carry weapons but they have day and night time video cameras which are able to turn 360 degrees and can also sense chemical and biological weapons.Some people may become concerned about their privacy，especially in connection with the video recordings.Some people may worry that such recordings will appear on the Internet.Eugene Volokh，a law professor at the University of California，says the machines have to be used in the right way and it will be interesting to see how state laws deal with this kind of video.William Santana Li says there is a long waiting list for the robots in the US.Workers in the company are working overtime to meet the demands of the market.At least 25 other countries are also interested in these robotic security guards.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一款新型的预防犯罪的机器人。5What can this new tool do for humans?AMake strategic decisions.BKeep watching day and night.CCarry heavy weapons.DStop crime autonomously.答案B细节理解题。根据第五段的第二句“They do not carry weapons but they have day and night time video cameras which are able to turn 360 degrees and can also sense chemical and biological weapons”可知，这种机器人的功能就是能够日夜不停地执勤站岗。6Why are people worried?ATheir privacy may be let out.BThe robots are very expensive.CRobots will replace humans.DThey will be out of work soon.答案A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第一句“Some people may become concerned about their privacy，especially in connection with the video recordings”可知，一些人担忧这种机器人所携带的摄像机会记录其隐私，其隐私有可能会被泄露。7Which of the following can be the best title of the text?