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Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars第卷第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。AAstronauts aboard the space station celebrated a space first on Wednesday by drinking water that had been recycled from their urine and sweat and water that condenses from exhaled air.They said “cheers”，clicked drinking bags and toasted NASA workers on the ground who were sipping their own version of recycled drinking water.The recycling system is needed for astronaut stations on the moon and Mars.It also will save NASA money because it wont have to ship up as much water to the station by space shuttle or cargo rockets.Besides，its important as the space station is about to expand from three people living on board to six.The recycling system had been brought up to the space station last November by space shuttle Endeavour，but it couldnt be used until samples were tested back on Earth.So when it came time to actually drink up，NASA made a big deal of it.The threemen crew stood，holding their drinks and congratulated engineers in two NASA centers that worked on the system.“This is something that had been the stuff of science fiction，” Barratt said before taking a small mouthful.“The taste is worth trying.”NASA deputy space shuttle manager LeRoy Cain called it “a huge milestone”The new system takes the combined urine of the crew from the toilet，moves it to a big tank，where the water is boiled off，and the vapor is collected.The rest of the urine is thrown away.The water vapor is mixed with water from air condensation，and then it goes through filters.When six crew members are aboard it can make about six gallons from urine in about six hours.“Some people may find the idea of drinking recycled urine distasteful，but it is also done on Earth with a lot longer time between urine and the tap.” said Marybeth Edeen，the space stations national lab manager.“The technology NASA developed for this system has already been used for quick water purification after the 2004 Asian tsunami，” Edeen said.“We are happy to have this water work through the systemwere happy to have it work through our systems，” Barratt said.1According to the text，the recycling system is important because .Ait makes traveling to the moon for the common person possibleBwith it NASA won t need to ship any water up to the space stationCit can help to meet the need for more water after the crew are expandedDit protects the environment in space by reducing the amount of waste答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“.its important as the space station is about to expand from three people living on board to six.”可知C项正确。2What is the RIGHT time order of the following events?aThe samples of the recycled water were tested on Earth.bAstronauts celebrated the space first of making water from urine.cThe recycling system was brought up to the space station.dThe technology for the system was used to quickly purify water.Aa，d，c，b Ba，c，b，dCd，a，c，b Dd，c，a，b答案D解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The technology NASA developed for this system has already been used for quick water purification after the 2004 Asian tsunami”可知d发生最早；根据第三段的“The recycling system had been brought up to the space station last November.couldnt be used until samples were tested back on Earth.”可知c发生在a的前面，因此D项正确。3From Paragraph 6 we can know .Athe theory behind the recycling systemBthe effect of the recycling systemCthe process of the recycling systemDan opinion on the recycling system答案C解析段落大意题。该段主要讲述的是使用尿液循环系统将尿制成水的过程。4What is the best title for the passage?AThe research of NASA has made great progressBNew technology is used in the space stationCDrink up：space station recycles urine to waterDGood news：water recycled from urine tastes good答案C解析标题归纳题。本文报道了国际空间站的宇航员试饮尿液循环水，“Drink up”生动反映饮用时的情景，“space station recycles urine to water”点明了制造技术。故C项最佳。BDo you want to see the effects of global warming？Then head north.Will Steger is going to take all of us there.Steger,64，the first person to make a dogsled trip to the North Pole，is a very famous and admired polar explorer.Hes at home in frozen parts of the world where few humans ever step on.Steger is also a devoted environmentalist who was early to ring the alarm bell on global warming.He saw its effects firsthand in frequent polar expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctica.Now Steger is about to lead a team of six young adventurers on a 1,400mile,60daylong dogsled trip across Ellesmere Island，in the Canadian Arctic.The sea ice in that region should still be frozen.“We want to take our audience to the front lines of global warming，” says Steger.The team will be uploading videos，stories and photos to the website global warming 101.com as they march along，allowing armchair adventurers and kids in classrooms to follow their progress day to day.“We can actually bring the audience up there，” Steger says.Stegers team will include some alreadyfamous young explorers.Sam Branson，the 22yearold son of British airline tycoon (大亨) Richard Branson，is an experienced Arctic traveler.Also on the journey will be 27yearold Norwegian Sigarid Ekran.Last year，Ekran became only the second woman in history to win Rookie (新秀) of the Year for the Iditarod Sled Dog Race.What they will see may be very surprising.Even Steger doesnt know exactly what to expect.Climate change has already reshaped the geography of the Arctic.“Within a decade or less，its going to be impossible to reach the North Pole by dog team without flotation(漂浮)，” says Steger.“Climate change is happening，but people can change too.Their willingness to change will determine the shape of the Earths future.”5Why is Steger about to organize the adventure to the Arctic?ATo collect evidence for his scientific research.BTo develop the young peoples adventurous spirit.CTo let more people enjoy its natural beauty.DTo let people realize the bad effects of global warming.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句以及第三段的“We want to take our audience to the front lines of global warming”可以判断Steger是想通过到北极探险，让人们了解全球变暖对北极以及对地球的影响。6How can people learn about the progress of Stegers journey?AThrough radio programs.BBy watching TV.COn the Internet.DBy reading their journals.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段的“The team will be uploading videos，stories and photos to the website global warming 101.com as they march along，allowing armchair adventurers and kids in classrooms to follow their progress day to day.”可知Steger等人会把探险过程中的录像、图片等上传到网站上，人们可以到网站上了解他们的进程。7Global warming will lead to many unexpected events EXCEPT that .Athe North Pole adventure team led by Steger are not sure about what they are going to seeBit will be impossible to reach the North Pole just by dogsled since the sea ice around the North Pole will be meltedCthe animals living in the Arctic are going to face great dangers because their living environment changesDmore audience will be taken to the front lines of global warming and reflect on their behaviors and way of life答案D解析细节理解题。从第五段可以直接得出A、B两项是正确的；C项也可以从第五段第三句推断出来：极地地理环境将改变，这同时也是极地生物的生存环境，它们的生活必将面临危险。而D项则是极地探险活动希望达成的目的，即引起人类对此问题的关注和对自身行为的反思。8What would be the best title for the passage?AThe Arctic is in dangerBSledding through the ArcticCDiscoveries of the ArcticDConsequences of global warming答案B解析标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知Steger要带六名年轻的探险家利用狗拉的雪橇到北极探险，因此选B项。CSong Qingling was born in Shanghai on the 27th of January in 1893 into a welleducated family.In 1907，Qingling traveled to the United States for her education；she and her three sisters became the first Chinese girls to be educated in the US.In 1915，she married Dr.Sun Yatsen(孙中山)At the age of eighteen，Qingling began to fight for the rights of women in her country and expressed her ideas of liberty and equality.For the next seven decades，Song Qingling became an active character and came to be known as “the Mother of China”In her lifetime，she always paid close attention to womens and childrens welfare.She supervised(监督) studies on woman and child healthcare，and childrens education.She was awarded the 1950 International Stalin Peace Prize，and she donated all the money to programs promoting the welfare of women and children.Song Qingling always showed concern for Suns followers，overseas Chinese，and the future of Taiwan.She hoped that China could be reunified at an early date.In the long years of struggle in the Chinese revolution，Song firmly stood by the side of the Chinese Communist Party，whose leaders，Mao Zedong，Zhou Enlai，Liu Shaoqi，and Zhu De，considered her their close comradeinarms.On May 29,1981 Song Qingling died of illness in Beijing.Song Qingling was a great fighter for patriotism(爱国主义)，internationalism and communism.The great contributions she made to China and the Chinese people will not be forgotten.9Whats the best title for this passage?ASong Qingling and her sistersBSong Qingling and Sun YatsenCWomen are also greatDA brief introduction to Song Qingling答案D解析标题归纳题。本文主要对宋庆龄的生平作了简要介绍。10What is the right order of the events about Song Qingling according to the passage?atraveled to the United States for her educationbmarried Sun Yatsencbegan to fight for the rights of womendwas awarded the International Stalin Peace PrizeAa，b，c，d Ba，d，b，cCb，a，c，d Da，c，b，d答案D解析细节理解题。综合文章第一、二段可知，D项正确。11The underlined word “concern” in Paragraph 3 probably means “ ”Acare BworryCanger Dsurprise答案A解析词义猜测题。根据上下文，concern在这里的意思接近于care，意为“关心；关注”。12According to the passage，Song Qingling .Awas born into a poor familyBwas one of the first Chinese girls to be educated in the UKCdonated all her prize money for the welfare of women and children in 1949Ddied at the age of 88答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段第一句及最后一段第一句可知，宋庆龄去世时88岁，故D项正确。DKids will often ignore your requests for them to shut off the TV，start their chores(杂事)，or do their homework as a way to avoid following your directions.Before you know it，youve started to sound like a broken record as you repeatedly ask them to do their assignments，clean their rooms，or take out the trash(垃圾)Rather than saying “Do your chores now”，youll be more effective if you set a target time for when the chores have to be completed.So instead of arguing about starting chores，just say，“If chores arent done by 4 pm，here are the consequences.”Then its up to your child to complete the chores.Put the ball back in their court.Dont argue or fight with them，just say，“Thats the way its going to be.” It shouldnt be punitive(惩罚性的) as much as it should be persuasive.“If your chores arent done by 4 pm，then no video game time until chores are done.And if finishing those chores runs into homework time，thats going to be your loss.”On the other hand，when dealing with homework，keep it very simple.Have a time when homework starts，and at that time，all electronics go off and do not go back on until you see that their homework is done.If your kids say they have no homework，then they should use that time to study or read.Either way，there should be a time set aside when the electronics are off.When a kid wears his iPod or headphones when youre trying to talk to him，make no bones about it；he is not ignoring you but disrespecting you.At that point，everything else should stop until he takes the earplugs out of his ears.Dont try to communicate with him when hes wearing headphoneseven if he tells you he can hear you.Wearing them while youre talking to him is a sign of disrespect.Parents should be very tough about this kind of thing.Remember，mutual respect becomes more important as children mature.13According to the passage，it seldom happens that .Akids turn a deaf ear to their parents requestsBparents directions sound like a broken recordCchildren are ready to follow their parents directionsDparents are unaware of what they are repeating to their kids答案C解析细节理解题。注意题干中seldom表否定。从文章开头两句可知孩子们通常不理会父母的要求，故选C项。14Parents will be able to deal with their children more effectively if they .Aavoid direct ways of punishmentBmake them do things at their requestCargue and fight with their childrenDallow their children to behave in his own way答案A解析细节理解题。从第一段中间部分可知，作者认为“不与孩子发生正面冲突会取得更好的教育效果”。15When a kid is doing his homework，parents .Ashould provide him with a good learning environmentBcan do whatever he likeCcan stay aside watching TVDmust switch off the power答案A解析细节理解题。从第一段倒数第三句可知“在孩子做作业时，家长要关掉所有的电器给孩子创造一个良好的学习环境”，故选A项。D项“关掉电源”与文章不符。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Parents and doctors have the same worry over especially low birthweight newborns. 16 A trend has therefore developed to make special formulas(配方) of extra nutrients and proteinrich foods for these tiny babies.Unfortunately，a British study has found that this practice could have negative longterm effects，such as high blood pressure in adulthood.Between 1993 and 1995，Atul Singhal of the Institute of Child Health and his colleagues researched 299 fullterm newborns，each of whom weighed very little for their age.The babies moms had decided not to breastfeed(用母乳喂养) 17 The rest received a formula with more nutrients and 28 percent more protein than the standard formula.The growth of all of these children was compared to that of 175 similarly low birthweight babies whose mothers had chosen to breastfeed their children for their first 9 months. 18 They found 83 babies from the normalformula group,70 babies from the extraformula group，and 95 babies from the breastfeed group. 19 According to the latest data，children who had received the extra formula had significantly higher blood pressure than those in the other two groups.Seven human tests have indeed shown that when infants are overfed before being stopped breastfeeding，they have an increased possibility to become fat as youngsters.No matter how big a child is at birth，he or she will probably reach the same adult height no matter how quickly the baby grows.But reaching ones adult size at a slowtomoderate speed may have a lot of benefits，as Singhal says. 20 AHalf of these children were given a normal infant(幼儿) formula for 9 months.BWhen they grow up，they might have high blood pressure.CThese babies have very little energy because they are so small.DSix to eight years later，the researchers gave the children a series of measurements and tests.EThe results were quite surprising.FTiny babies will grow much slower if they are not specially fed.GHis advice to parents：Be patient.Dont rush a childs growth.答案16.C17.A18.D19.E20.G第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。During a recent holiday I visited Dusseldorf，a city in the former West Germany.The nineday trip left a deep impression 21 me.I arrived at Dusseldorf airport at 7 pm.It was already 22 outside.The first thing I needed to do was to find a place to 23 .I decided to telephone the youth hotel.But to use the phone I needed some 24 .I asked a lady for help.To my 25 she gave me three coins to use.But all the phones in the 26 needed phone cards.And phone cards could only be bought at post offices during the 27 .I was 28 I would not be able to call the hotel.An old gentleman helped me.He couldnt speak English 29 understand that I needed to 30 a phone call.He showed me where the phone was and inserted 31 phone card.I called the youth hotel and found a place to stay that night.The 32 of the German people made me feel that I was not 33 ，and my first day in Germany wasnt as 34 as I expected.Whenever I went，I asked people for 35 .It surprised me that 36 every young German could speak English fluently.Older Germans couldnt speak English very well，but they would try to help me 37 they could.One middleaged man I asked for direction even 38 me to the place I was looking for.My 39 in Germany totally changed my impression of Germans.Now I think the people couldnt be more 40 .21A.on BforCto Dabout答案A解析leave a deep impression on sb.给某人留下深刻的印象。22A.late BdarkClight Dearly答案B解析由前面的“I arrived at Dusseldorf airport at 7 pm.”可知正确答案为B项。23A.visit BeatCstay Dkeep答案C解析由后面一句“I decided to telephone the youth hotel.”可知答案。24A.cards BinformationCmoney Dcoins答案D解析由下文可知打电话应用硬币。25A.joy BdisappointmentCemotion Dsurprise答案D解析由后面的“.she gave me three coins to use.”可知，此处应该是“让我感到吃惊(意外)”。26A.hotel BairportCcity Dpavement答案B解析由上文可知，此时应该还是在机场。27A.night BdaytimeCtrip Drushhour答案B解析由常识可知，只有白天才能在邮局买到电话卡。28A.afraid BsureCglad Deager答案A解析由于没有电话卡，恐怕不能给宾馆打电话。29A.or BbutCand Dso答案B解析前后应为转折关系。30A.make BhaveCdo Danswer答案A解析make a phone call打电话。31A.another BaCmy Dhis答案D解析此处应是“插入他的电话卡(让作者使用)”。32A.use BsuccessCcare Dkindness答案D解析由上文“我”两次受到帮助，可知此处应说德国人的友善。33A.really Bnearly out ofCfar away Dclose to答案C解析承接上文可知德国人的友善让“我”感觉“我”并非远道而来。34A.interesting BgoodCbad Dbusy答案C解析句意为：德国人的友善让“我”感觉到在德国的第一天远不是“我”所预料的那样糟糕。35A.direction BdistanceCtravel Dserve答案A解析ask sb.for direction向某人问路。36A.almost BevenConly Dalready答案A解析由“It surprised me.”可知，此处应是“几乎每个年轻的德国人都能讲一口流利的英语”。37A.whenever BwhateverCwherever Dhowever答案A解析句意为：尽管年迈的德国人英语讲得不好，但他们总是在力所能及的帮助我。38A.came BreachedCmoved Ddrove答案D解析“我”向一个中年德国人问路时他甚至开车送“我”去我所要找的地方。39A.experience BvictoryCvisit Dmemory答案A解析“我”在德国的经历彻底改变了“我”对德国人的印象。40A.friendly BunfriendlyCcoldhearted Dvaluable答案A解析现在“我”认为那里的人们非常友好。第卷第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。The water and the land are thought part of the earth surface.The air is usually thought a kind of blanket around the earth.But it is more than that.Maybe you have been in 41.a deep cave.Did you think about the air 42.that/which was in the cave？The land has some air 43.mixed(mix) in it.Air is even mixed 44.with the water in the sea.Some air is below the earths surface as well as above 45.it.Men once thought that there were four basic things from which everything else 46.was made(make)They called these things earth，fire，air and water.47.As man made more observations，they decided that fire was not an element.At last they concluded that land，air and water were not elements，either.In fact，there are more than 100 elements 48.from which scientists believe all things are made.Though land，air and water are not elements，they are three main parts of 49.mans(man) environment.You 50.will know(know) more about them as you study the earth.第三部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Dear Mrs.Winthorp，So my first week at college is over！No lectures this morning so I think Id like to email you and let you know what things are going.Im glad to say that anything has worked out fine in the dorm.I remember asking for a room as far away from the lifts as possible and they find me a comfortable one on second floor.There are two girls from my course here and I plan to make friend with them so we can help each other on the course work.Everyone else seems very nice and warmly here.Well，I had better to stop now.Im going to attend mine first lesson this afternoon，for Ive got some preparations to make.Keep in touch.Best，Carol答案Dear Mrs.Winthorp，So my first week at colleg
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