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专题四语法填空训练1A(2016东北三省四市一模)The choices people make can cause cancer.Not everyone who 1 (use) tobacco products will get cancer, but the chance of getting certain 2 (type) of cancer increases with tobacco use.The recent research 3 (show) us that the constant misuse or overuse of alcohol may cause cancer of the mouth and throat as well recently.Sometimes cancer can be caused by radiation 4 (find) in sunlight and Xrays, in addition 5 other places.This doesnt mean you should stop getting Xrays or stay indoors, but limiting your 6 (expose) to radiation can reduce the chances of developing cancer.The Xrays you get at 7 doctors or dentists office are not 8 (typical) enough to cause cancer.And sometimes, the reason 9 someone gets cancer is simply an unfortunate mystery.Some cells in the body may start to increase and change.Doctors and researchers can see it happening, 10 they cannot provide a description of why it started.本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了一些可能会导致患癌的原因，如吸烟、喝酒、阳光和X射线辐射，但这并不绝对。所以有些人患癌的原因仍是一个谜。1uses考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此句为关系代词who引导的定语从句，先行词为不定代词“everyone”，谓语动词应用第三人称单数；且此处陈述一般事实，应用一般现在时。故填uses。2types考查名词的复数。句意：患某些类型癌症的概率会随着烟草的使用而增大。根据语境可知，此处应用名词复数。故填types。3has shown考查动词的时态。句意：最近的研究已经向我们证明酗酒或过度地饮酒可能也会导致口腔癌和咽喉癌。句中含有时间状语“recently”，故应用现在完成时。故填has shown。4found考查非谓语动词。句意：有时癌症是由于阳光和X射线的辐射引起的分析句子结构可知，动词find在句中为非谓语，与其逻辑主语“radiation”之间为动宾关系。故填found。5to考查固定短语。in addition to为固定短语，意为“除之外”，符合语境。故填to。6exposure考查词性转换。根据空格前的“your”可知，此处为形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填expose的名词形式exposure。7the考查冠词。 句意：你在医院或牙科诊所里照的X射线通常不足以引起癌症。at the doctors是固定搭配，意为“在医院”。故填冠词the。 8typically考查词性转换。 空格处修饰形容词“enough”，应用typical的副词形式。故填typically。9why考查定语从句。句意：有时一些人患癌症的原因仅仅只是一个不幸的谜团。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，指代先行词“reason”，在从句中作原因状语。故填why。10but考查连词。句意：医生和研究者能够观察到它正在发生，但是他们无法解释它开始的原因。空格前后为转折关系。故填but。 【导学号：90892075】B(2016合肥三模)Baidu is not a doctorWhen people 11 (face) with a health or nutrition question, its 12 (increasing) common to go online and diagnose(诊断) themselves.But the Internet is full of conflicting health warnings with no regulation to get rid of the wrong advice, some of which 13 (be) extremely dangerous!Also, search engines rank results by popularity rather than 14 (accurate), so solid facts can be tricky to find.Its worth 15 (check) if the writer of an online piece is properly qualified as an expert.Anyone can call 16 (they) a “diet expert”， “nutritionist” and even a “doctor”given it could refer to qualifications like a PhD.But remember, only officially 17 (recognise) practicing doctors as well as dietitians have degrees in giving medical 18 (suggest)So if youre unsure and still wondering 19 the chocolate diet really does work or not, then it pays to make 20 appointment with your dietitian or doctor.The truth is out there, and you just need to look in the right place!本文是一篇说明文。当很多人有健康或营养方面的问题时，他们会直接去百度搜索，自我诊断。这其实是不科学的，因为搜索引擎的结果是按照受欢迎的程度而不是按照准确性来排序的。因此百度不是医生，遇到问题，最好和医生预约，去该去的地方。11are faced考查固定搭配和动词的时态。be faced with.是固定搭配，意为“面对”。people为集合名词，谓语动词应用复数形式；又因全文时态为一般现在时，故填are faced。12increasingly考查词性转换。此处用increasing的副词形式修饰形容词“common”。故填increasingly。13.is考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，本句的主语是“some of which”，which指代前面的不可数名词“advice”，故空格处应用be动词的单数形式。此处应用一般现在时。故填is。14accuracy考查词性转换。句意：同时，搜索引擎的排位结果是按受欢迎程度而不是按准确性空格处和前面的名词“popularity”并列，故应用名词形式。故填accuracy。15checking考查非谓语动词。be worth doing sth.是固定结构，意为“值得做某事”。故填checking。16themselves考查代词。句意：任何人都可自称为饮食专家，营养学家call oneself.意为“自称”。故填themselves。17recognised考查非谓语动词。此处表示官方认可的，逻辑主语“doctors”和动词“recognise”之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词形式。18suggestions考查词性转换和名词的复数。空格处作非谓语动词“giving”的宾语，应用名词形式，指只有被官方认可的医生才有资格给出医学建议，因此用复数形式。故填suggestions。19whether/if考查宾语从句。句意：如果你不确定，仍然想知道巧克力饮食是否会起作用宾语从句成分完整，在“wondering”后面表示不确定，拿不准，应用whether/if，意为“是否”。故填whether/if。20.an考查冠词。此处表示和医生预约，是泛指概念。appointment是可数名词，且其读音以元音音素开头。故填an。C(2016武汉调研)The Chinese Garden of Friendship was built as a beautiful symbol of friendship 21 Sydney in the State of New South Wales and Guangzhou in the province of Guangdong, China(sister cities of sister states), to mark Australias bicentenary in 1988.The garden 22 (design) and built by Chinese landscape architects and gardeners 23 (follow) the Taoist principles of “YinYang” and the five opposite elementsearth, fire, water，metal and wood.These principles also stress the 24 (important) of Qi, the central force of life and energy.YinYang 25 (play) such a vital role that just one missing element would disrupt(扰乱) the gardens harmony and balance.However，when 26 (combine) perfectly, the five elements form a fluid and nurturing environment. Everything you encounter in the garden has been handpicked and very carefully placed to capture the five elements and the energy of Qi.Unlike westernstyle gardens, there are no planted flowerbeds 27 neatlycut lawns.Instead, wild 28 (aspect) of nature are recreated in landscapes 29 feature waterfalls，mountains, lakes and forests.The art of Chinese Garden design began in imperial parks during the Shang Dynasty 3，000 years ago.Darling Harbours Chinese Garden of Friendship is a smallscale version of a 30 (type)private garden from this time.本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了象征友谊的中国园林的设计原理和风格，以及园林里的一些特色风景。21between考查连词。between.and.意为“在和之间”，此处指作为两个城市之间友谊的象征，符合语境。故填between。22was designed考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，这座花园是由中国的景观设计师和园艺家设计修建的。主语“The garden”与“design”之间构成被动关系，且此处是陈述过去发生的事情，因此应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was designed。23following考查非谓语动词。此处指景观设计师和园林师遵循道家的阴阳法则。根据语境可知，“architects and gardeners”与动词follow之间构成主动关系，故应用follow的现在分词形式作状语。24importance考查词性转换。句意：阴阳和五行强调“气”的重要性，它是生命和能量的主要力量。根据词法知识可知，此处应用important的名词形式作动词stress的宾语，且用定冠词the修饰。故填importance。25plays考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：阴阳起着如此关键的作用，以至于一个要素的缺失都会扰乱花园的和谐与平衡。根据语境可知，该句陈述的是客观事实，因此用一般现在时；主语“YinYang”是抽象名词，因此谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故填plays。26combined考查非谓语动词。句意：当五个要素完美结合时，就形成了一个流动的培养环境。此处when引导的是时间状语从句，主句主语“the five elements”与动词combine之间构成被动关系，故用被动语态，其中主语和be动词可省略。故填combined。27or考查连词。句意：与西式风格的花园不同，这个花园里没有种植花圃和修剪整齐的草坪。在否定句中表示“和”用连词or。28aspects考查名词复数。根据下文中的“are recreated”可知主语是复数。故填aspects。29that/which考查定语从句。根据语境可知，这些风景以瀑布、大山、湖泊和森林为特色。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词“landscapes”，在从句中作主语，故用that或which引导。30typical考查词性转换。根据空格前的“a”和空格后的“private garden”可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故填typical。 【导学号：90892076】D(2016南昌二模)I want to talk about Miss Smith, a history teacher I had at secondary school 31 I was about 15.Most of the teachers I had were OK, 32 they gave the feeling that it was just a job.It seemed that Miss Smith really 33 (love) both history and teaching it.One of the 34 (good) things about her lessons was that we didnt always have to study in an ordinary way.For example, rather than write an article for homework, usually we were allowed 35 (work) with a friend to write an imaginary dialogue between two historical 36 (figure)Then we could perform it for the class.I think Miss Smith influenced me in two important ways.Firstly, she made me 37 (interest) in history.Now I still read books on history and watch TV programs about it when I get the chance. 38 (second), she showed me how a teacher can use the students own creativity to help them learn.Instead 39 just being a kind of audience for lessons, we were involved in 40 (decide) what happened in the lessons.本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者的初中历史老师。该老师与众不同，总是让课堂充满乐趣并布置学生喜欢的作业，从而赢得了学生的爱戴。31when考查连词。根据语境可知，Smith老师是作者15岁上中学时的一个历史老师；分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中引导时间状语从句。故填when。32but考查连词。根据空格前的“were OK”及下文中的“it was just a job”可知，作者的大部分老师都很好，但是他们给人的感觉是教书只是一份工作，空格前后表示转折。故填but。33loved考查动词的时态。文章总体时态为一般过去时。故填loved。34best考查形容词的最高级。“one ofthe形容词最高级名词复数”意为“中最的一个”。根据语境可知，此处指她上课最大的一个优点是不总是用常规的方式教学。故填best。35to work考查非谓语动词。allow sb.to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”，为固定搭配。故填to work。36figures考查名词复数。根据空格前的“two”可知，此处应用可数名词figure的复数形式。故填figures。37interested考查词性转换。“make sb.形容词”意为“使某人”，此处指使作者对历史感兴趣。故填interested。38Secondly考查词性转换。根据上文中的“Firstly”可知，此处应填Secondly。注意首字母大写。39of考查介词。instead of意为“代替，而不是”。故填of。40deciding考查非谓语动词。介词in后接动名词形式。故填deciding。 【导学号：90892077】E(2016济南模拟)A computer program has beaten a human champion at the ancient Chinese board game, Go.It marked an important advance for the 41 (develop) of artificial intelligence.The program, 42 (call) AlphaGo, had taught itself how to win.It beat the European champion in all five games of a match in October.The developers say 43 (it) learning ability may someday let computers help solve realworld problems.Those could include making medical diagnoses and 44 (conduct) scientific research.Previously computers have beat humans in other 45 (game)But among classic games, Go has long been viewed as the most challenging for artificial intelligence to master.Go originated in China more than 2，500 years ago. 46 game involves two players who take turns putting markers on a checkerboardlike grid.The object is to surround more area on the board with the markers than ones opponent(对手)Players obtain the opponents pieces 47 surrounding them.The rules are simple, 48 playing it is not.Its probably the most complex game ever created by humans.Martin Mueller, a computing science professor, 49 (work) on Go programs for 30 years.He said the new program “is really a big step up from everything else 50 weve seen.Its a very impressive piece of work.”本文是一篇新闻报道。一个计算机程序在中国古代棋盘游戏中击败了一个人类冠军，这标志着人工智能发展的一个重大进步。41development考查词性转换。句意：它标志着人工智能发展的一个重要进步。定冠词the修饰名词，所以应用develop的名词形式development。the development of.意为“的发展”，为固定搭配，符合语境。故填development。42called考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词为“had taught”，所以空格处应填非谓语动词形式；且动词call与其逻辑主语“The program”之间为动宾关系，所以应用call的过去分词形式。故填called。43its考查代词。句意：研发人员说，未来某天它的学习能力可能会使计算机帮助解决现实世界的问题。根据句意可知，此处应填it的形容词性物主代词its来修饰“learning ability”。44conducting考查非谓语动词。根据and连接两个并列成分及“and”前的“making”可知，空格处应用conduct的动名词形式，与“making”并列作动词“include”的宾语。故填conducting。45games考查名词的复数。句意：之前在其他的游戏中，电脑已经击败了人类。other为形容词，意为“其他的”，表泛指，其后接名词复数。故填games。46The考查冠词。根据语境可知，本句中的“game”特指上文中提到的Go这个游戏。故填定冠词the。47by考查介词。根据句意可知，游戏玩家通过围住对手的棋子来赢棋。表示“方式，手段”应用介词by，后接动名词。48but考查连词。句意：(比赛的)规则很简单，但比赛(的过程)并不简单。根据句意可知，空格前后为转折关系。故填but。49has worked考查动词的时态。句意：Martin Mueller是一名计算机科学教授，他研究Go这个游戏已经有三十年了。根据空格后的“for 30 years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。故填has worked。50that考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句。先行词为“everything”，在从句中作动词“see”的宾语；由于先行词为不定代词，只能用that引导该定语从句。F(2016福州质检)In China, the history of people planting and using bamboo can date back to as far as 7，000 years.As early as the Shang Dynasty, bamboo was being used in ancient peoples daily lives.It was used for food, clothing, housing, transportation, 51 (music) instruments and even weapons.The 52 (apply) of bamboo in science and technology is thrilling.In 251 BC, Li Bing, in Sichuan, 53 (lead) the local people in building the Dujiang Weirs, the first irrigation network in the world, in which bamboo played 54 important role.The worlds oldest water pipe was also 55 (make) of bamboo.During the Han Dynasty, the people in Sichuan 56 (success) sank a 1，600metredeep well with thick bamboo ropes.This technology did not spread to Europe 57 the 19th century, and it was by using the technology 58 the Americans drilled the first oil well in Pennsylvania in 1859.In Chinese culture, bamboo is wellknown as 59 of the “four gentlemen” in plants.To many distinguished men, bamboo is a symbol of goodness and honesty.It is always closely related to people of positive spirits.Bamboo culture contributes to encouraging people to hold on when 60 (face) tough situations.本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了竹子的历史、文化、用途及其寓意。51musical考查形容词。music是名词，此处需用形容词修饰名词“instruments”。music的形容词形式为musical。musical instrument意为“乐器”。52application考查名词。apply是动词，意为“应用”。根据空格前的定冠词“The”和后面的介词“of”可知，此处要用名词。故填application。53led考查动词的时态。根据空格前的时间状语“In 251 BC”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填led。54an考查冠词。固定短语play an important role in.意为“在中起重要作用”。故填an。55made考查动词的语态。be made of为固定用法，意为“由制成”，此结构中make用被动语态，故用过去分词形式made。56successfully考查副词。sank是动词sink(挖，掘)的过去式；success是名词，此处需用副词来修饰动词作状语，故填success的副词形式successfully。57until考查连词。not.until为固定句型，意为“直到才”。句意：这项技术直到19世纪才传到欧洲。故填until。58that考查强调句型。根据空格前的句子结构“it wasby短语”和空格后的句子不缺成分可知，此句为强调句型，故填that引导句子剩余部分。59one考查代词。固定表达“one of the名词复数”表示“之一”。句意：在中国文化中，竹子以植物中的“四君子”之一而闻名。故填one。60facing考查省略。此处是when引导的时间状语从句的省略结构，从句中省略了与主句中相同的主语和be动词。动词face的逻辑主语为前面提到的“people”，且两者之间是主动关系，故此处应用face的现在分词形式表示主动，作时间状语。故填facing。 【导学号：90892078】
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