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一)比较1.Theadvantagefaroutweighthedisadvantages.2.TheadvantagesofAaremuchgreaterthanthoseofB.3.AmaybepreferabletoB,butAsuffersfromthedisadvantagesthat.4.Itisreasonabletomaintainthat.butitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthat.5.Forallthedisadvantages,ithasitscompensatingadvantages.6.Likeanythingelse,ithasitsfaults.7.AandBhasseveralpointsincommon.,8.AbearssomeresemblancestoB.9.However,thesameisnotapplicabletoB.10.AandBdifferinseveralways.11.Evidently,ithasbothnegativeandpositiveeffects.12.Peopleusedtothink.,butthingsaredifferentnow.13.ThesameistrueofB.14.WonderingasAis,ithasitsdrawbacks.15.ItistruethatA.,butthechieffaults(obviousdefects)are.,二)原因1.Anumberoffactorsareaccountableforthissituation.Anumberoffactorsmightcontributeto(leadto)(accountfor)thephenomenon(problem).2.Theanswertothisprobleminvolvesmanyfactors.3.Thephenomenonmainlystemsfromthefactthat.4.Thefactorsthatcontributetothissituationinclude.5.Thechangein.largelyresultsfromthefactthat.,6.Wemayblame.,buttherealcausesare.7.Partoftheexplanationsforitisthat.Oneofthemostcommonfactors(causes)isthat.Anothercontributingfactor(cause)is.PerhapstheprimaryfactoristhatButthefundamentalcauseisthat.,三)后果1.Itmaygiverisetoahostofproblems.2.Theimmediateresultitproducesis.3.Itwillexerciseaprofoundinfluenceupon.4.Itsconsequencecanbesogreatthat.,四)批驳1)Itistruethat.,butonevitalpointisbeingleftout.2)Thereisagrainoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyignoreamoreimportantfact.3)Somepeoplesay.,butitdoesnotholdwater.4)Manyofushavebeenundertheillusionthat.5)Acloseexaminationwouldrevealhowridiculousthestatementis.,6)Itmakesnosensetoarguefor.7)Toomuchstressplacedon.mayleadto.8)Suchastatementmainlyrestsontheassumptionthat.9)Contrarytowhatiswidelyaccepted,Imaintainthat.,五)举例1)Agoodcaseinpointis.2)Asanillustration,wemaytake.3)Suchexamplesmightbegiveneasily.4).isoftencitedasanexample.,六)证明1)Noonecandenythefactthat.2)Theideaishardlysupportedbyfacts.3)Unfortunately,noneoftheavailabledatashows.4)Recentstudiesindicatethat.5)Thereissufficientevidencetoshowthat.6)Accordingtostatisticsprovedby.,itcanbeseenthat.,七)开篇1)Manynationshavebeenfacedwiththeproblemof.2)Recentlytheproblemhasbeenbroughtintofocus.3)Recentlythephenomenonhasbecomeaheatedtopic.4)Recentlytheissuehasarousedgreatconcernamong.5)Nowadaysthereisagrowingconcernover.,6)Neverinourhistoryhastheideathat.beensopopular.7)Facedwith.,quiteafewpeoplearguethat.8)Accordingtoarecentsurvey,.9)Withtherapiddevelopmentof.,.,八)结尾1)Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wecandrawtheconclusionthat.2)Itishightimethatstrictmeasuresweretakentostop.3)Itisnecessarythatstepsshouldbetakento.4)Inconclusion,itisimperativethat.5)Thereisnoeasymethod,but.mightbeofsomehelp.6)Tosolvetheabove-mentionedproblem,wemust.,7)Insummary,ifwecontinuetoignoretheabove-mentionedissue,moreproblemswillcropup.8)Withtheeffortsofallpartsconcerned,theproblemwillbesolvedthoroughly.9)Wemightdomorethanidentifythecause;itisimportanttotakeactionsto.10)Takingalltheseintoaccount,we.11)Whetheritisgoodornot/positiveornegative,onethingiscertain/clear.,1.Asisshownbythegraph/inthetable。（概述图表）正如曲线所示，最近54年来该国人口飞速增长。Asisshownbythegraph,therehasbeenarapidincreaseinthepopulationofthecountryinthepastfiveyears.,2.Itcanbeseenfromthetablethat（得出结论）showngraphconcludedfiguresestimatedstatisticsA.从表中所给的统计数字可以看出，从1985年到1990年中国的人均收入迅速提高。FromthestatisticsgiveninthetableitcanbeseenthattheaveragepersonalincomeoftheChinesepeopleincreased(grew、rose)rapidlyfrom1985to1990.B.从曲线图可以得出结论，最近5年来中国人口的出生率已经大大下降。ItcanbeconcludedfromthegraphthattherehasbeenagreatdeclineinbirthratesinChinainthepastfiveyears.,3.amountto（数量总计）adduptocometosumupto全部费用合计200美元。Alltheexpenses(costs)amountto(=addupto)$200.,4.increasefromto（数量增减）decreaserisefalldropA.这个工厂生产的彩电已由1986年的5000台增加到1990年的21000台。ThenumberofcolourTVsetsproducedbythefactoryincreased(rose,grew,climbed)from5000in1986to21000in1990.B.参加者的人数增加到30万。Thenumberofpaticipantsgrewupto300000persons=increased,reaching300000persons),5.（be）threetimesas+形容词+as总产量totaloutput钢的年产量theannualoutputof上升17riseby17percentsteel日产量thedailyoutput导致产量下降resultinadiminishedoutput现在我们地区的粮食产量相当于1970年的3倍。Thegrainproduction(=output)inourareanowisthreetimesasgreatasthatof1970.,6.Thereis(was)arapidriseinbeontherisehasbeensharpincreaseontheincreasesuddendecreaseonthedeclinesteadydeclinegradualfallslowdropslight最近几年来这个地区的棉花产量有了迅速增长。Thecottonoutputinthisareahasincreasedrapidlyinthepastfewyears.,.Fromthetable/figures/data/results/informationabove,itcan/maybeseen/concluded/shown/estimated/calculated/inferredthat从以上的表格/图表/数据/结果/信息中，我们可以看到/总结/预测/计算/得出ItcanbedrawnfromthechartthattheproportionsofAandBaregoingdown,thoughthefallinglevelofthelatterisalotlower/higherthanthatoftheformer.尽管B的下降速度比A要慢/快，从表中我们可以看到A和B的比例都在下降。,一般柱状图（barchart）流程图（flowchart）饼图（piechart）用chart表示diagram表示简图，图解，图表，示意图eg:adiagramofthewiringsystem线路系统图chart航海图；地图；示意图，图表或曲线图（此时相当于diagramlist就是普通的单子table,书信,信文的格式1)把寄信人的地址和日期（简称信头）写在信纸的右上角。地址的写法同信封。2)把收信人的姓名、地址（简称内地址）写在寄信人地址和日期的左下方，即信纸的左边，低寄信人日期一至二行处。私人信件此项内容可以不写。3)把称呼写在收信人姓名、地址下面，相距一行处。称呼一般以Dear开头，后面用逗号。如无内地址，可以把称呼向上顺移。4)书信正文从称呼下一行的3至5个字母开始。5)如同汉语信一样，英文信的结尾也常写有祝好、盼来信、代向问好之类的话，我们称之为结束语。6)在信的结尾下面签上自己的姓名。除了对熟人或亲密的人以外，签名必须写全姓名，而且不管什么信件，都应由写信人亲笔签名。,）开头语Iamverygladtohearfromyou.Thankyouforyourletter.Iwasverypleased(happy)toreceiveyourletterofFebruary6,2001YourletterofFebruary6,2001hasbeenreceived.Itisapleasureformetogetyourletter.Imsorrytohavetakensolongtoansweryourlastletter.,）结束语Ihopetohavealetterfromyoubeforelong.Pleasewritetomesoonandtellmeallaboutyourself.Givemybestwishestoyou.Wishingyourbusinesseversuccessful！Hopeyouarehealthy.签名时的用语英文信签名时常用这样词语：Yours,Yourstruly,Yourssincerely,Yoursever,Yourloving,等等,误区使用句型太复杂以致出错。作文的写作强调的是内容连贯，句子通顺，语言流畅，并且句子与句子之间能够用恰当的关联词衔接起来，并不要求写出多复杂的句子。但有些考生理解为只有句子长了，所用的从句多了才更纯正，所以使用各种从句分词等，致使文章言不达意，错误百出，效果适得其反。误区加入太多的想象成分，使内容细节过多，文章冗长。,学生在写作中的一大担心就是文章的长度不够，再加上对于“可适当增减细节，不可字对字的翻译”的误解，于是加入了很多离题较远的细节，乱了主题。不可字对字其实只要求学生不可简单照译，并非不可翻译。学生只要在理解写作要求的基础上以翻译为主，在要点之间加上简练恰当与必要的关联词和关联句即可。翻译要点可直译也可意译，但要恰当准确，用已学过的词语与句型，切不可生搬硬造。,误区书写不规范造成大量失分。由于判卷的主观性，作文的卷面分往往不只1、2分。因此写作的规范与书法非常重要，甚至所用墨水的颜色也应列入考虑之列，比如，浅色的墨水或油笔写出的字就显得乱，而深色的如碳素墨水则给人以整齐美观的印象。1.好的开头和结尾。由于评卷人的主观性，好的开头与结尾往往给人以好的印象。一般开头不要写得太罗嗦，要找着恰当的切入点，快速入题，简洁明快。结尾同样不拖泥带水，最好还能适当评论，写出点睛之笔。,2.用好关联词。在写作的过程中，以下关联词的应用非常关键。比如，表并列的and，besides，aswellas，inadditionto，notonlybutalso，when，表递进的furthermore，whatsmore，whatsworse，表转折的but，while，onthecontrary，ontheotherhand，however，表选择的eitheror，whetheror，otherwise等。有了这些词的连接，就会使文章变得语句通顺，层次清楚，有声有色，考生勿需用很多的复合句也能让评卷人感觉到你的水平不同一般。,3.用好标点符号、大小写，安排好段落。如果是汉语作文，学生大多注意标点符号，但写英语时一些考生就不够认真。一篇文章下来一逗到底，没有标点的变化，没有大小写，没有段落划分（一般以两段为宜），让人一看就烦，更不要说得到好的分数。,4.用好情感词语。任何文章都有自己的观点，英语小作文也不例外。应注意用一些能反映自己观点的词，否则文章就很干瘪，没有韵味。没有人愿意读没有感情的作文。5.书写清楚，整洁，规范。,TurnoffYourCellphone1)手机给我们的生活带来了便利(2)但是手机铃声也会影响其他人(3)在某些场合请关掉你的手机。TurnoffYourCellPhoneWiththedevelopmentofinformationtechno1ogyandreducedpriceofcommunicationproducts,themobi1ephonehasbecomeanecessityformostpeople.Obviously,itshortensthedistancebetweenpeopleandmakesourlifemoreconvenient.Thankstothecellphone,itseasyforustocontactorbecontactedbyothersanytimeandanywhere.Wewillnevermissanyimportantmeetings，greatdealsoradmirableopportunities.,However，haveyounoticedsometimesthecellphonealsobringsembarrassmenttous?Itsnotraretoseesomeonepressingthecellphonetohisearandshouting1oud1yinpublicasiftherewerenooneelsepresent.AndImsureeachonehashadsuchanexperiencethatthecellphoneringcontinuous1yonaformaloccasion.Perhapsthesepeoplehavemany1ife-and-deathreasonstokeepthephoneworkingatalltimes,butitinterruptspeoplearoundthemwhohavetohearwhattheydontcarewhentheywanttoconcentrateonwhattheyredoing.Soifyouareoneofthem,pleaseshutoffyourcellphoneinpublic,especiallyonaquietandseriousoccasion.Itsarespectforbothothersandyourself.,
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