祈使句语法及练习题

祈使句祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。1.肯定的祈使句（1）动词原形+其他Standup,please.=Pleasestandup.请起立。（2）Be+n./adj.Beagoodboy!要做一个好孩子!Becareful!=Lookout!=Takecare!小心/当心！（3）Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分Letmehelpyou.让我来帮你。Letsgotoschooltogether.咱们一起上学去吧。2.否定的祈使句(1)Dont+动词原形Dontstandup.别站起来。Dontbecareless.别粗心。Dontletthemplaywithfire.别让他们玩火。（2）Let型的否定式有两种:“Dont+let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分”和“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其它成分”。Dontlethimgo./Lethimnotgo.别让他走。Letthemnotplaywithfire.别让他们玩火。（3）no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。Nosmoking!禁止吸烟!Nofishing!禁止钓鱼!3.祈使句的强调形式，通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do。例如：Doshutup!快住口！4.祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或wont。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：1) 形式一致(即Yes与will保持一致；No与wont保持一致)2) 意思相反(即Yes是“不”的意思；No是“是”的意思)。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。如：-Dontgoout,please.Itsrainingheavilyoutside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。-Yes,Iwill.Ihavetomeetmybrotherattheairport.不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。5.祈使句的反意疑问句(1)肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用willyou或wontyou。Pleaseopenthedoor,will/wontyou?请把门打开，好吗？(2)否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用willyou。Dontbelateagain,willyou?别再迟到了，行不行？(3)以lets开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shallwe。LetsturnontheTV,shallwe?我们把电视打开，好吗？只有以lets开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用shallwe，而letus开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为willyou或wontyou.如：Letusstayhere,will/wontyou?请（你）让我们留在这好吗？祈使句专项练习一.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Itsanimportantmeeting._(not,be)late.2._(not,make)anynise!Yourmotherissleeping.3._(not,speak)withyourmouthfulloffoodand_(be)polite.4._(not,talk)and_(read)aloud.5._(not,leave)yourhomeworkfortomorrow,Larry.6._(look)out!Acariscoming.7._(give)ustenyearsandjustseewhatourcountrywillbelike.8._(not,let)thebabycry.9.Wearmoreclothesoryou_(catch)acold.10.Lets_(not,say)anythingaboutit.二、单项选择1.TheTVistooloud.Please_.A.turnitdownB.toturnitdownC.turndownitD.toturndownit2._lateagain,Bill!A.DonttobeB.DontbeC.NotbeD.Benot3._crosstheroaduntilthetrafficlightsturngreen.A.NotB.WontC.DoesntD.Dont4.Pleasehelpmecarryit,_?A.willIB.willyouC.shallID.shallwe5.Dontmakesomuchnoise,_?A.willyouB.wontyouC.shallweD.doyou6.Doyouknowthegirl_underthetree?A.standB.tostandC.standingD.stood7.Kate,_yourhomeworkheretomorrow.A.bringB.bringsC.tobringD.bringing8._methetruth,orIllbeangry.A.TellingB.TotellC.ToldD.Tell9.Ivekeptthedog_Maomaoforalongtime.A.NameB.namedC.namingD.toname10.Dontyouknowthat_isgoodforourhealth?A.swimB.swimmingC.swamD.swims11.Herdoctorsaid:“_worksohard”AStopBDontCCantDNo12.Sindy,_tobehereat8oclockAissureBissurethatCwillbesureDbesure13._whenyoucrosstheroad.ADocareBCareCDobecarefulDTobecareful14._himthesecret,willyou?ADonttellBNottotellCNottellingDNotelling15._inbed.Itsbadforyoureyes.ANottoreadBDontreadCDonttoreadDNotread16._Yourchild.Welllookafterhim.ANottoworryaboutBDontworryaboutCNotworryforDDontworrywith17.Theyareverytired.Why_havearest?AnottheyBdonottheyCdonttheyDnotto18-Youlookrathertired._stoppingtohavearest?-Allright.AWhynotBHowaboutCWhynottoDwhydont19_tellalie.AHardlyBNotCNoDNever20.Please_lookoutside.Lookattheblackboard.AnotBdontCarentDcant三、句型转换1.Willyoupleasereaditagainmoreslowly?（改为祈使句）_againmoreslowly,please.2.Ifyoudontlistentome,Illgo.（改为同义句）_me,orIllgo.3.Letswatchthesportsgames.（改为反意疑问句）Letswatchthesportsgames,_?4.Theteachersoftentellthestudentsnottobecareless.（改为祈使句）_careless,please.5.PleasesitnexttoNancy.（改为否定句）_nexttoNancy.6.Dontforgettoturnoffthelights,please.（改为反意疑问句）Dontforgettoturnoffthelights,_?7.Ifyoumove,youlldie.（改为同义句）_,oryoulldie.8.Cometomyhousetomorrow.（改为反意疑问句）Cometomyhousetomorrow,_?9.这是一个坏了的被子。（翻译句子）Thisisa_.10.让我们去帮帮那个哭泣的女孩吧。（翻译句子）Letsgoandhelpthe_,please.四、将下列汉语翻译成英语。1.请照看好您的包。_.2.让我们去学校吧!_!3.亲爱的,高兴点儿!_!4.不要把书放这儿。_.5.不要让猫进来。_.参考答案一、填空题1.Donttbe2.Donttmake3.Donttspeakbe4.Donttalkread5.Dontleave6.Look7.Give8.Dontlet9.catch10.not_say二、单选题1-5.ABDBA6-10.CADBB11-15BADAD16-20BDADB三、句型转换1.Readit2.Listento3.shallwe4.Dontbe5.Dontsit6.willyou7.Dontmove8.will/wontyou9.brokenglass/cup10.cryinggirl四、翻译Key:1.Pleaselookafteryourbag.2.Letsgotoschool.3.Beglad,dear4.Dontputthebookhere.5.Dontletthecatcomein/Letthecatnotcomein