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Unit 3 (一)课文预习(二)词汇要点1.determine vt.决定，决心，确定，测定Determination n. 决心，毅力 determined adj. 坚毅的，下决心的 decide同义 v.决定典型用法 be determined to do sth She is a girl of great _ (determine). He is determined _ (face) out the situation. There is a _ (determine) look on his face.2.similar adj. 类似的，相似的Similarly adv. 类似地；同样地 Similarity n.类似；(可数)相似之处be similar to搭配类似于,与相似 the same .as.近义与相同（1）My opinion is _ yours. The _ between them has often been remarked on. Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise. _，our minds are developed by learning. 3.organize v.组织organization n.组织，机构 organizer n.组织者 organized adj. 有组织的 The _ (organize) of such a large-scale party takes a lot of time and energy. The _(organize) think of various ways to amuse the athletes. I will take part in an _ (organize) activity to improve the condition of disadvantaged people in society.4.surprise vt.使惊奇，使诧异n. 惊奇，诧异Surprised adj. 感到惊讶的 surprising adj. 令人惊讶的surprisedly adv. 惊奇地，惊讶地 surprisingly adv. 令人感到惊奇地典型的用法是：be surprised at 对感到惊讶 to one,s surprise (=surprisingly) 令人感到惊奇地是(1) Everybody here was _ （surprise） the news.(2) I was _ (surprise) the change in him.(3) _ (surprise)，he was so frank that he told me all of his secrets.5.transport n.& v.运送；运输派生：transportation n.运输；交通工具 那辆黄色公共汽车将乘客从机场运送到城里。The yellow bus_from the airport to the city. 那些物品将用飞机运往青海玉树。The goods _ by plane to Yu Shu，Qinghai Province.答案：will transport the passengers ； will be transported6.persuade vt.说服，劝说persuade sb. to do 说服/劝服某人去做persuade sb. into doing 说服/劝服某人去做persuade sb. out of doing说服/劝服某人不做注意：劝而不服则要用advise sb.to do sth.或者try to persuade sb.to do sth.。 我们劝李老师戒烟，他不再抽烟啦!_，and he never smoked at last. 我们劝王老师戒烟，可他不戒。_，but he didnt.答案：We persuaded Mr. Li to stop smoking We advised Mr.Wang to stop smoking/We tried.to persuade Mr.Wang to stop smoking7. 3.graduate v.毕业 n.大学毕业生 派生：graduation n.毕业 短语：graduate from 毕业于(1)After _ (graduate)，what are you going to do?(2)My sister graduated _ Beijing University _ 1982.（填借此）(3) He is _ graduate of Oxford. （填冠词）8. .care vi.关心；介意 n.关心；照顾care about (to be worried about/concerned with)忧虑；担心；惦念care for(=like，love)喜欢 take care of(=look after)照料；照顾take care 小心；提防派生：careful adj.细心的 carefully adv.细心地 carefulness n.细心 carelessly adv. 粗心地 carelessness n.粗心 careless adj.粗心的 The only thing he cares _ is money. I dont really care _ red wine. Who will take care _ your baby if you are out? Many accidents are caused by _ (care) driving. They studied the question _ (care) before they made the decision.即学即用（1）Thats a lovely dress.Do you think so?My aunt gave it to me for my birthday,but I dont thecolor. A.interest in B.care for C.take care of D.fond of（2）I dont think Jack what happensto his family.He is so selfish.A.cares for B.cares aboutC.cares to D.cares of9.reliable adj. 可信赖的；可靠的 派生：rely vi.依靠；依赖(通常接on) I found this to be a _ brand of washing machines. The villagers here _ wells for their water.（填与rely相关的词）10.schedule n.时间表；进度表 vt.为某事安排时间 according to schedule 按照计划；按照安排 on schedule 按时behind schedule 晚点 be scheduled to do被安排，定于 火车按时到达。 The train arrived _ _ 总统定于明天发表演说。The President is _ (schedule) to make a speech tomorrow.11.attitude n. 态度；看法attitude to/towards . 对的态度翻译：我的英语老师改变了对我的态度。My English teacher _ me.has changed his attitude to/towards me.12.be fond of(=love；like)喜欢；喜爱翻译：虽然她有好多缺点，但是我们都很喜欢她。She has many shortcomings，but we _her.13.give in 屈服；让步give up停止/放弃做某事 give out 用完；用尽；分发；分布give away捐赠；暴露；泄露 give off发散(气味)；发出(光)give back交还运用：用适当的介词或副词填空。（1） He gave _ to her request.（2） If you give _ smoking，you will save a lot of money every year.（3） His accent gave him _ . So I knew he was from USA.（4）Our teacher gave _ to the police station what he picked up from the ground.（5） His money soon gave _ because he bought a lot of things. 14.as usual 照常；如平常一样 昨天早上，他像往常一样去了办公室。Yesterday morning，_. 你像平常一样迟到了。 You are late，_.15.put up 建造，搭建，举起；升起 put up with 忍受 You should _ what he said. If you have questions to ask，please _ your hand.16.at midnight 半夜比较：at night(傍晚)晚上 in the evening=during the night/in the night在晚间/在夜间（1）My grandma usually woke up _ midnight. You must be tired after you worked several hours _ the evening. Please take a rest.17.change ones mind 改变注意 make up ones mind 下决心；决定 He_ go to university after graduation from high school. He is very stubborn(固执的)and he is not easy to _.has made up his mind to ；change his mind （三）重点句子解析一、Warming up language point1. Which kind of transport do you prefe rto use:bus or train?（回归课本P17）prefer v.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物) (1)prefer sth.更喜欢prefer (sb.) to do sth.更喜欢（某人）做prefer that更喜欢that从句中常用（should）+动词原形prefer sth./doing.to sth./doing.与相比更喜欢；宁愿，不愿e.g. I would prefer meat to fish.我喜欢肉胜过（喜欢）鱼。 I prefer singing to acting. 我喜欢唱歌胜过演戏。prefer to do.rather than do.宁可也不e.g. He prefers to stay at home rather than go shopping. 他宁可呆在家里也不愿意去逛商店。 (2)preference n. 偏爱；爱好；喜爱give preference to sb./sth.给以优惠；优待in preference to sb./sth.而不是（1）He prefers indoors out this afternoon. A.to stay;to go B.staying;to go C.to stay;to going D.staying;to going（2）The little girl go to the cinema rather than at home alone that night. A.preferred;stay B.prefers to;to stay C.preferred to;stay D.prefers to;stay1. D ;2.C二、Reading Language points1.Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.1). dream n. v. dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamtdream of/about sth. (vi.)dream adream (vt.)dream that (vt.)dream sb. to be (vt.)1) 他梦想着有一天为自己工作, 没有老板. He working for himself and not having a boss one day.= He that one day he will work for himself and not have a boss.2) 我做梦也没想到他是个撒谎的人. I never a liar.答案：dreams of / about ； dreams ； dreamed him to be 2. Then she persuade me to buy one.然后她动员我也买了一辆. persuade vt.说服; 劝服; vi.被说服persuade sb. (not) to do sth. persuade sb. into / out of doing sth.我已说服他做这件事。e.g. I persuaded him to do it. = persuade him into doing it. 如果“劝说”不服, 不能直接用persuade, 而应用try to persuade或advise, 或者用persuade的否定式。e.g. Some of us advised him to change his mind but no one could persuade him to do so.（2）实例1. I _ him not to smoke, but he didnt think it necessary. A.persuaded B. advised C. hoped D. suggested2. I was able at last to _ my mother to follow my advice. A.suggest B. advise C. persuade D. leave off3. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A.to persuade B. persuading C. being persuade D. be persuaded(3) 辨析：advise表示“劝告”的动作，不看结果，而persuade强调“已经说服”；advise可接动词的-ing 形式作宾语，也可接that引导的宾语从句（必须用虚拟语气即should+动词原形）,而persuade不能。My friends advised him to see a doctor,but he refused all of them.Who can persuade him?我的朋友们建议他去看医生，但他拒绝了所有的人。谁能说服他？3 辨析： Finally/at last/in the endfinally 一般指一系列事物或论点的顺序的最后项内容,或用在动词前,表示“等了好久才”,没有感情色彩. at last只能指时间位置,不能指时间顺序,在意思上是指经过周折、等待、耽搁到”最后、终于”(出现所期待的结果),常常带有较浓厚的感情色彩. in the end可与at last和finally通用.但若出现了非期待中的结果,用in the end, 还可以用于预卜未来。1)They talked about it for hours. _ they decided not to go.2)The children arrived home _after the storm.3) My dream will come true4) The war lasted four years before the North won _.5) Your idea will turn out right _.6) _, I want to thank you for helping me.Finally; at last/in the end; in the end; in the end/ at last; in the end; Finally4. It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 是我姐姐首先想到骑自行车沿湄公河从它的源头行走到入海口。 这是一个强调句。强调句的结构是： It was/is+强调成分+that-/who-分句如果强调的部分是人,可用who,也可用that, 强调其他成分与内容都用that。强调时间和地点不能用when或where，只用that。e. g.我看这部电影是在上海。 (强调地点状语)It was in Shanghai that I saw the film. 根据上下文和语义意图,说话人可以通过强调句分别强调主语, 宾语, 状语, 使之成为信息中心。e. g All the members held a meeting in the club yesterday.It was all the members that/who held a meeting in the club yesterday. (强调主语, was不能换用were) It was a meeting that all the members held in the club yesterday. (强调宾语a meeting)It was in the club that all the members held a meeting yesterday. (强调地点状语,that不可换用 where) It was yesterday that all the members held a meeting in the club. (强调时间状语that不可换用 where)把这个句子的不同成分改成强调句。John gave Mary a handbag at Christmas.高考链接 1.Was it _ that I saw last night at the concert?A. you B. not you C. that yourself2. It was because of bad weather _ the football match had to be put off.A. so B. so that C. why D. that3. Who is making so much noise in the garden?_ the children.A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are6. Although she didnt know the best way of getting get to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly. 尽管她不知道旅行的最佳方式, 但是她还是坚决主张她来合理安排这次旅行。1) although, though引导让步状语从句不能再和but, and, however连用, 但可以和副词yet, still连用。although从句多放在句首, though从句可在主句前，中，后任何位置，而且though可以作副词用于句末，作 “但是，不过”讲，而although无此用法。考例 _ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience. A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although 点拨D 根据句中的limited knowledge和a lot of experience构成对比，可知这是一个让步状语从句，故用although引导。since既然； unless除非； as 因为。2) insist : declare firmly 坚持认为，坚持主张insist on/upon ones doing sth坚持做,坚决做e.g. I insisted on/upon his coming with us.insist that +从句 “坚持说”(后表示一个事实), 后接的从句用陈述语气, 既按需要选择时态。 e.g. He insisted that he hadnt stolen the girls handbag.insist that sb. (should) do sth. 坚决主张做某事, 后接的宾语从句常用虚拟语气, 既 “should +v.” e.g. Mary was ill. Her parents insisted that she (should) see a doctor.高考链接I insisted that a doctor _ immediately.A has been sent for B. sent for C. will be sent for D. be sent for 2.The doctor insisted that I a high fever and that I a rest for a few days. A.had;hadB.have;have C.had;haveD.have;had 3.The man insisted a taxi for me even if/though I told him I lived nearby. A.findB.to find C.on findingD.in finding答案：1.D;2.C;3.C7. My sister doesnt care about details. 我姐姐是不会考虑细节的。 care about: be worried about忧虑,关心e.g. 他并不关心我的事情。He doesnt care much about what happens to me. care for sb/sth: look after, love or like希望, 喜欢, 照顾1) Would you care for a drink?2) He cares for her deeply.3) Who will care for your child if you are out?8. She gave me a determined look the kind that she wouldnt change her mind.她坚定地看了我一眼-这眼神表明她不会改变主意。 determine v. 决定, 下定决心, 确定 determine to do sth. =make up ones mind 下定决心e.g. He determined to learn French. be determined to do sth. 决心做e.g. She was determined to go to university. change ones mind 改变某人的主意e.g. No matter what you say, I wont change my mind.9. When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5000 meters, she seemed to be excited about it. 当我告诉她我们将在海拔5000米处开始旅程, 她好像对此很兴奋。本句中的seem后面跟了不定式结构，意 为“ 看起来好像 ”。现对seem的用法讲 解如下： 一seem常常和不定式，形容词，分词，名词和介词短语搭配。如:1seem+不定式（短语）a)I seemed to hear a voice in the distance .b)Your advice seems to be doing me a favor .c)I seem to have caught a cold .注意：1seem后跟不定式（短语）时，要注意不定式所表示动作发生的时间，以此来确定不定式的时态。2 . seem后不定式的否定式习惯上用 dont 来代替，（放在seem 前），如：You dont seem to be quite yourself today ( =You seem not be quite yourself today )3.seem +形容词a) She seems quite happy today.b) The enemy seems powerful but in fact it is weak.注此句式出可看作是seem+to be+adj句式的一种简化形式。如例a可转换为：She seems to be quite happy today.例b可转换为：The enemy seems to be powerful but in fact it is weak.但目前由于英语的发展，seem+to be+形容词结构的用法已越来越少，seem+adj的结构已趋成型，属口语语体。4Seem+分词a) The situation seemed quite encouraging.b) The news seems exciting.c) They seems interested in the film.注seem后用现在分词还是过去分词取决于分词本身的逻辑主语，如句中的主语（盍作的执行者）是分词的逻辑主语，用现在分词，反之用过去分词。5、seem+名词a) She seems a clever girl.b) Her mother seems a teacher.c) It seemed a long time before my turn came.6.seem+介词短语They seemed in high spirits.二、seem常用于it作形式主语的“It seems/seemed that”结构，如：a) It seems that you were lying.b) It seemed that he had been a scientist.c) It seems impossible that he will be here tomorrow.注1）在这一句式中，常省去that，如例a可改为：It seems you were lying.2)间或在seem后可跟一形容词，如例c.三、seem常用于由as if/though引导的从句中，如：a) It seems as if it is going to rain.b) It seems as though our planll be perfect.c) It seems as if he knew nothing about that.d) It seems as if it was/were spring already.注在这种句式中，如从句所叙述的情实现的可能性比较大，从句谓语用陈述语气，如a,b两例；若实现的可能性较小，或根本不可能实现，从句的谓语则用虚拟语气，如c,d 两例。四、seem通常用在“It seems(seemed)to sb(that)”的结构中，这种结构常用来表示“行为”的主体，例：a) It seems to us a good chance.b) It seems to the emperor that the people were right.c) It seems to me eveyythingis all right.五、seems也常用在“there seem(s) to be”句式中，用来代替be，作句子的谓语。如：a) There seems to be no point in refusing.b) There seemed to be something the matter with him.c) There doesnt seem to be too much hope of our team beating theirs.注1）在这一结构中，seem表示“似乎有”、“看来”的意思，如：There seem to be a lot of things to do .(=It seems as if there were a lot of things to do.)2)There seem(s) to be +n”这个结构的否定形式为“There seem(s) to be +no+n.”（如例a）或（“There doesnt seem to be +n.”（如例c）.六、seem有时也同人称代词I连用，意为“感到好像、觉得似乎”等意，如：a)I seem unable to solve it right now.看来我无法立刻解决它。b)I seem to have seen him somewhere before.我好像以前在什么地方见过他。七、seem还常常同like搭配。如：注这种句式表达的意思同“seem+to be +n.”结构表达的意思基本相同，故两种句式可替换，如：The girl seems like a bird/to be a bird.at an altitude of = at a height of 在海拔米处e.g. The plane is flying at a height / altitude of 10,000 feet. 注意:at 在此处表 “在处/时, 以”后接年龄, 速度, 长宽深高, 价格, 费用等 在岁时 以.的价格 在.深度宽度处 以.为代价 在距离处 答案：at the age of at a high / low price at a depth/width of at the cost of at a distance of 10. When I told her the air would be hard to breath and it would be very cold 当我告诉她将呼吸困难, 天气严寒主语 + be + adj.+ to do sth. 是一常用句式既不定式用主动形式表达被动含义e.g. The problem is really hard to work out. My boss is easy to deal with. 注意：不定式和主语之间是逻辑动宾关系，使用及物动词的主动形式，因此不及物动词要加相应的介词。这一结构中的形容词往往是表示心理活动的，接不定式时, 不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语, 主动用to do, 被动用to be done;也可以接从句。这类形容词有surprised, moved, disappointed, pleased, happy, sad, delighted, sorry, interested, glad, worried, etc.11. Finally, I had to give in. 最后, 我只好让步。 give in (to sb./sth.) 屈服于, 让步, 递交e.g. He had to give in to my views. Its time you gave in your papers.give up 放弃, 认输 ; give out 筋疲力尽；分配; ; give away 捐赠, 泄露练一练1) After the long trip, both the men and the horses _.2) Because of his small salary, he had to _ his dream trip to Europe.3) Seeing that he could not persuade me, he had to _ my view.4) He _ most of his fortune to the poor.5) Please keep the secret, dont _ it _.gave out; gave up;gave in to ; gave away ; gave away give in (sth. to sb.)屈服 让步 上交1) He would rather die than give in.2) Wang Kun had to give in because he knew his sister well.3) Please give your examination papers in ( to the teacher) when youve finished.选择题-Smoking is bad for your health -Yes,I know. But I simply cant _. A. give it up B. give it out C. give it in D. give it away12. It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, traveling across western Yunnan Province穿过深谷流经云南省西部时它变成急流. 辨析: Across；through ； over prep. 穿过across 常表示从一定范围的一边到另一边或事物交叉位置, “横穿, 横跨” 表面, 含义与on 有关 through 表达两边穿过或穿过空间内部, 含义与in 有关 over表示 “越过” 是指越过较高的物体从一侧到另一侧 e.g. She swam _the river. The river flows _the city from west to east. Walk _the square and go _the gate, then youll come to the cafe. The thief climbed _the wall and ran away. across ； through ；across ； through ；over实例：The new railway winds its way to Hong Kong, _ mountains _ tunnels and _ rivers.A.across; over; through B. over; across; . throughC. over; through; across D. through; over; across9.A determined person always tries to finish the job,no matter how hard it is. 有决心的人总是努力完成工作，而不管它有多难。 No matter how 引导让步状语从句，意为“无论多么”，how后紧跟 形容 词或 副 词，此处相当于however+形容词/副词。易混辨异疑问词+ever，no matter+疑问词 （1）whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句，引导让步状语从句时，可以换成no matter what/which/who/whom,位置可以在主句前，也可以在主句后。（2）wherever,whenever,however常引导让步状语从句，可以换成no mattewhere/when/how,可放在主句前或主句后。(3)however引导让步状语从句常与倒装结合起来。这时，however起双重作用，一是引导让步状语从句，二是修饰某一个形容词或副词，而这个形容词或副词要紧接在它之后。即学即用（1）我告诉他什么时候想回来就回来。I told him to come back . （2）无论在何地，你总是会受到欢迎的。You are always welcome .答案：1.no matter when/whenever he would like to；2.no matter where/ wherever you are写出下列单词的正确形式:1. He is planning his work _ (进度表) for the following week.2. They took many pictures of the _ (瀑布) yesterday.3. What is the _ (海拔) of this mountain?4. I think you dont know your own _. In fact, no one is perfect.5. He is so s_ that nobody can change his mind.6. Do you know where the s_ of the Changjiang River is?7.We are looking for someone who is (可靠的) and hard-working.8.We tried to p him to give up smoking,but he just wouldnt listen.9.Though with great difficulty,I finished all my work f .10.Excuse me,what is the f to London?Is $5 enough? 11.The captain kept a j when he was at sea.He wrote down everything that happened.12.Your main d is your lack of job experience.答案：1.Schedule;2.waterfall；3.altitude；4.shortcomings；5.stubborn；6.source；7.Reliable; 8.persuade; 9.finally; 10.fare ; 11.journal ; 12.disadvantage1.课文原文Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one . 2. It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 3. Although she didnt know the best way of getting to places,she insisted that she organize the trip properly.4.:lWhen I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5,000 metres,she seemed to be excited about it.5. It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains rice grows.高考连接【例1】The CDs are on sale!Buy one and you get completely free. （全国高考） A.otherB.others C.oneD.ones【例2】Ive read another book this week.Well,maybe is not how much you read but what you read that counts.（浙江高考） A.this B.that C.there D.it【例3】 the police thought he was themost likely one,since they had no exact proof about it,they could not arrest him. （湖南高考） A.AlthoughB.As long as C.If only D.A
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