定语从句 (4)

The Attributive Clause (定语从句）定语从句）-By World 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语定语从句从句在句中相当于一个形容词，起在句中相当于一个形容词，起“定语定语”的作用，修饰说明的作用，修饰说明名名词词、代词代词或或主句全部内容主句全部内容；通常在被修饰的词语；通常在被修饰的词语(即即“先行词先行词”)之之后，由后，由“关系词关系词”引导。要做好定语从句有关试题，就得必须理引导。要做好定语从句有关试题，就得必须理解透解透“关系词关系词”具有的三种功能：具有的三种功能：(1)引导一个定语从句。引导一个定语从句。(在定语从句开头在定语从句开头)(2)替代替代“先行词先行词”。（省去从句中对应的。（省去从句中对应的he/she/it/they/him/her/them/）(3)在定语从句中充当成分。在定语从句中充当成分。(作主语作主语/宾语宾语/定语定语/状语状语）定语从句的概念定语从句的概念A good friend is someone who (that) makes me happy.A good friend is someone who(that) makes me happy.Sum up(小结）小结） 主语主语宾语宾语定语定语状语状语 指人指人who thatwhom that whose 指物指物which thatwhich that whose 关系词的作用关系词的作用注：每个关系词在定语从句中都充当一个句子成分。Whenwherewhy限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：My sisterMy sister, who is twenty, works in works in a bank.a bank.The man The man who came here yesterday has has come e again.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，只是对先行词作些附加说明， 如果去掉，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。写时往往逗号分开。限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，的定语， 如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。写时不用逗号分开。定语从句的结构：1,先行词+关系词+一个简单句（总）eg. Chuck is a businessman, _ is always so busy that he has little time for his friends.(Unit 1, P3)2,先行词先行词+适当的介词适当的介词/短语短语+which/whom/whose+一个简单句一个简单句eg. There was a film _Specilberg used real actors instead of toys.(Unit 5, P31)whoin whicheg. Many people _ saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the shark. (Unit5,P31)in whichwho3,先行词先行词+数量词数量词/最高级最高级/比较级比较级/代词代词（some/one/none/much/both/all/neither/either/most等）等）+of+which/whom/whose+ 一个简单句一个简单句eg. The old lady has 3 daughters, the youngest of _ is a doctor. I have made many foreign friends, most of _ are from Europe.4,先行词先行词+whose+ noun.(另外一个名词作主语另外一个名词作主语)+谓语谓语+其其他他=先行词先行词+the+n.+of+which/whom+谓语谓语+其他其他=of which/whom+the+n.+谓语谓语+其他其他whomwhomeg. The novel whose cover was broken belongs to me. =The novel _ was broken belongs to me. =The novel_ was broken belongs to me.5.句子先行词（一个句子）句子先行词（一个句子）+as/which+ 一个一个简单句简单句eg. Taiwan belongs to China, _ we all know. The sports meeting was put off, _ surprised us.the cover of whichof which the coveras/whichwhich6，句子先行词，句子先行词+适当的介词适当的介词+which+名词（时间、状况、条件等）名词（时间、状况、条件等）eg.She suffered from illness, _ her husband had to stay at home to look after her. Tom spent 4 years in college, _ he learned French.In the office, I seem to have no free time until after 5:30 p.m, _ many people have gone home.He will come, _ Ill ask him to help.in which caseduring which timeby which timein which caseThe scientist _ we met yesterday is very famous in the world. (2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.The dress _she is wearing is new. who/that/whom/ /that/which/ /Exercises:以下情况，引导词用以下情况，引导词用that，不用，不用which。1. 先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词everything ，anything，nothing ， all ， much ， little。e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen.2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用用that。e.g. This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.3. 先行词被先行词被the only，the very，the last 修修饰时，用饰时，用that。e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now.4. 4. 先行词同时指人和指物时，用先行词同时指人和指物时，用thatthat。e.g. We talked about the things and the persons that we saw then.5. 5. 定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用需用thatthat。e.g. A plane is a machine that can fly. that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下但在下列情况下, 一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.Ive read all the books that are not mine. This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the very book that belongs to (属于）属于）him.(1) 先行词为先行词为everything, nothing, something, anything, all, much , little 等不定代词时。等不定代词时。(2)先行词被先行词被all, much , little,every, some, no, any, 等等 修饰时。修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。修饰时。小结：小结：that与与which的区别的区别(5) 先行词同时指人和指物先行词同时指人和指物They talked about the things and the persons that they saw .Which引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词,也也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。e.g. 1. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it B B 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用互换，但下列情况多用as。1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.2. 当与当与suchsuch或或the samethe same连用时，一般用连用时，一般用asas。e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用反之则用which。e.g. She has married again, as was expected(期望）期望）. She has married again, which was unexpected.4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等等。如从句中行为动词是主动语态，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用一般要用which作主语作主语，但不能放在句子开头，但不能放在句子开头。e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.TipsAs 句子开头（句子开头（As we all know,.)词组搭配词组搭配suchas/the same as上下文意思一致上下文意思一致被动结构被动结构Which(句中句中/上下文意思不一致）上下文意思不一致）1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday._2. Is that factory which your father once worked in? _3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada. _4. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget. _ which_tothe it5. Those at the desk want to buy tickets write down your names. _*6. That was the reason because she looked old. _*7. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school. _*8. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China. _aswho_gives why（定语从句中缺原因状语）（定语从句中缺原因状语） 9. It is the only one of the best films that have been shown recently. _10. The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou. _11. Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky. _12. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us. _that_ hasAsthat_1. The most important thing _ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ I have said. A. which;that B. that;which C. which;which D. that;that2. She spent the whole evening talking about the things and the persons _ none of us has ever heard of. A. which B. who C. whom D. that3. I have bought such a watch_ was advertised( 登广告）on TV. A. that B. as C. which D. it4. The president made a speech _ he expressed his satisfaction. A. which B. that C. in which D. in that5. I know the girl_ mother is a friend of mine. A. whose B. who C. which D. of whom巩固练习题巩固练习题DDBCA巩固练习题巩固练习题6. We visited a factory _ makes toys for children. A. what B. which C. in which D. at which7. The man _ was a friend of mine. A. that you just talked to B. whom you just talked to him C. who you just talked to him D. which you just talked to8. The paper _ they are looking at was made hundreds of years ago. A. of which B. what C. / D. whose9. The professor _ gave us a talk last week has gone to America. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which10. Do you know the old lady _ son is studying in America? A. her B. who C. whose D. whomBACAC高考直通题2. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, _ leading actor is world famous? A. its B.its C.whose D.which (上海上海2000)3.Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally （个人地）（个人地） I doubt(怀疑）怀疑）very much. A. it B.that C.when D.which （NMET1999) 4. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role(角色）角色）in the play, _of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C.this D.what （NMET2000) 5.John said hed been working in the office for an hour,_ was true. A.he B. this C.which D.who (NMET2001)1._ is mentioned(提及）提及）above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing（增长）（增长）. A. As B. Which C.That D.It (上海上海1999)ACDBC Translation Translation1.我认识站在那边的那个男人。我认识站在那边的那个男人。I know the man who(that) is standing over there.2.请把昨天你买的钢笔给我。请把昨天你买的钢笔给我。Please give me the pen which(that) you bought yesterday.3.这就是在我们班中英语最好的学生。这就是在我们班中英语最好的学生。This is the student whose English is the best in our class.