2022年考博英语-东北大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解36

2022年考博英语-东北大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题He spoke so（ ）that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.问题1选项A.reservedlyB.emphaticallyC.determinedlyD.convincingly【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项reservedly“决然地；断然地”；B选项emphatically“着重地；强调地；断然地”；C选项determinedly“决然地；断然地”；D选项convincingly“令人信服地；有说服力地”。句意：他如此令人信服地发言，以至于他的对手都被他的辩论所说服。根据句意，D选项正确。2. 单选题Many people seem to think that science fiction is typified by the covers of some of the old pulp magazines: the Bug-Eyed Monster, embodying every trait and （1） that most people find repulsive, is about to grab, and presumably ravish, a sweet, blonde, curvaceous, scantily-clad Earth girl. This is unfortunate because it demeans and （2） a worthwhile and even important literary endeavor. In （3）to this unwarranted stereotype, science fiction rarely emphasizes sex, and when it （4）, it is more discreet than other contemporary fiction.（5）, the basic interest of science fiction lies in the（6）between man and his technology and between man and the universe. Science fiction is a literature of change and a literature of the future, and while it would be foolish to（7）that science fiction is a major literary genre at this time, the（8）of human life that it considers make it well worth reading and studying for（9）other literary form does quite the same things.The question is: what is science fiction? And the answer（0）be, unfortunately, that there have been（1）attempts to consider this question at any length or with much seriousness; it may well be that science fiction will resist any comprehensive definition of its（12）. To say this, however, does not mean that there are no ways of defining it, （13）that various facets of its totality cannot be clarified. To begin with, the following（14）should be helpful: science fiction is a literary subgenre which postulates a change (for human beings) from conditions as we know them and follows the（15）of these changes to a conclusion. Although this definition will necessarily be modified and（16）, it covers much of the basic groundwork and provides a（17）of departure.The first pointthat science fiction is a literary subgenreis a very important one, but one which is often overlooked or（18）in most discussions of science fiction. Specifically, science fiction is cither a short story or a novel.（19）are only a few dramas which could be（20）science fiction, with Karel Capeks RUR (Russums Universal Robots)（21）the only one that is well-known; the body of poetry that might be labeled science fiction is only slightly larger. To say that science fiction is a subgenre of prose fiction is to say that it has all the basic characteristics and serves that same basic（22）in much the same way as prose fiction（23）, that is, it shares a great deal with all other novels and short stories.Everything that can（24）about prose fiction, in general, applies to science fiction. Every piece of science fiction, （25）short story or novel, must have a narrator, a story, a plot, a setting, characters, language and theme. And（26）any prose, the themes of science fiction are concerned with（27）mans nature and experience in relation to the world around him. Themes in science fiction are constructed and（28）in exactly the same ways that themes are dealt with in any other kind of fiction. They are the result of a particular（29）of narrator, story, plot, character, setting, and language. In short, the reasons for reading and enjoying science fiction, and the ways of studying and analyzing it, are basically the same as they would（30）for any other story or novel.问题1选项A.expressionB.featureC.characterD.merit问题2选项A.desertsB.advocatesC.degradesD.reduces问题3选项A.regardB.contrastC.relationD.accordance问题4选项A.wasB.isC.didD.does问题5选项A.InsteadB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Also问题6选项A.bondsB.communicationC.relationD.alliance问题7选项A.claimB.swearC.requestD.confirm问题8选项A.dimensionsB.walksC.aspectsD.roles问题9选项A.noneB.someC.anyD.no问题10选项A.shouldB.mustC.willD.cant问题11选项A.fewB.a fewC.littleD.a little问题12选项A.essenceB.characteristicsC.qualityD.value问题13选项A.norB.soC.thoughD.since问题14选项A.procedureB.argumentC.instructionD.definition问题15选项A.suggestionsB.applicationsC.implicationsD.descriptions问题16选项A.prolongedB.expandedC.continuedD.stretched问题17选项A.pointB.dotC.locationD.spot问题18选项A.abandonedB.dismissedC.initiatedD.ignored问题19选项A.ThoseB.WhatC.ThereD.They问题20选项A.referredB.entitledC.calledD.declared问题21选项A.beingB.isC.areD.does问题22选项A.intentionsB.functionsC.routinesD.occasions问题23选项A.in resultB.in commonC.in generalD.in manner问题24选项A.be sayingB.be saidC.to sayD.say问题25选项A.eitherB.neitherC.not onlyD.whether问题26选项A.asB.thoughC.unlikeD.like问题27选项A.interpretingB.translatingC.exchangingD.representing问题28选项A.recognizedB.presentedC.depictedD.expressed问题29选项A.conflictB.cooperationC.collectionD.combination问题30选项A.haveB.doC.beD.make【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A第6题:C第7题:A第8题:C第9题:D第10题:B第11题:A第12题:B第13题:A第14题:D第15题:C第16题:B第17题:A第18题:D第19题:C第20题:C第21题:A第22题:B第23题:C第24题:B第25题:D第26题:D第27题:A第28题:B第29题:C第30题:D【解析】1. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项expression“表现，表达；表情”；B选项feature“特色，特征；容貌；特写”；C选项character“性格，品质；特性；角色”；D选项merit“优点，价值；功绩；功过”。由空格前trait“特点”可知B选项正确。2. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项desert“遗弃；放弃；逃跑”；B选项advocate“提倡，主张，拥护”；C选项degrade“贬低；使丢脸；使降级；使降解”；D选项reduce“减少；降低”。由空格前关键字demean“贬低的身份”可知C选项正确。3. 【试题解析】考查固定搭配。in contrast to“与相反”，由空格后关键句science fiction rarely emphasizes sex，中文翻译为：科幻小说很少强调性，可知B选项正确。4. 【试题解析】考查语法。由空格前的句子可知此处为一般现在时，并且这里为主谓结构。根据语境和句意可知D选项正确。5. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合后文“the basic interest of science fiction lies in.between man and his technology and between man and the universe.”，中文大意为：科幻小说的根本兴趣在于人与其技术和人与宇宙之间的。因此判断出空格处表示相反的意思，A选项正确。6. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项bonds“联结，连接，联系”；B选项communication“通讯；通信；交流”；C选项relation“关系；叙述；亲属关系”；D选项alliance“联盟，联合；联姻”。联系下文“between man and his technology and between man and the universe.”，句意：人与其技术和人与宇宙之间的根据语境和句意可知C选项正确。7. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项claim“声称；需要”；B选项swear“发誓；咒骂”；C选项request“请求”；D选项confirm“确认；确定”。由下文“that science fiction is a major literary genre”，中文翻译为：科幻小说是一个主要的文学形式，可知A选项正确。8. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项dimension“范围；尺寸，长度；深度”；B选项walk“步行；行业；人行道”；C选项aspect“方面；方向；形势；外貌”；D选项role“角色；任务”。根据上下文可知C选项正确。9. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项none“没有人；一个也没有；没有任何东西”；B选项some“一些；若干；其中的一部分；（数量不确切时用）有些人”；C选项any“任何；任何一个；若干”；D选项no“没有；不”。根据上文make it well worth reading and studying，中文翻译为：让它值得被阅读和研究。for在本句话中翻译为“因为”，结合上下文意思，D选项正确。10. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合上下文可知该空格处应表示有把握的一种推测。因此B选项正确。11. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合上下文，空格处应表示“几乎不”，此处大意应为：几乎没有人试图对这个问题作过详尽或认真的考虑。结合句意A选项正确。12. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项essence“本质，实质；精华”；B选项characteristics“特性，特征；特色”；C选项quality“质量，品质；特性”；D选项value“价值；价格”。B选项正确。13. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。联系下文“various facets of its totality cannot be clarified”，中文翻译为“它全体的各个方面不能被澄清”可知此处表示否定，A选项正确。14. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项procedure“程序，手续；步骤”；B选项argument“论证；论据；争吵”；C选项instruction“指令；教导；用法说明”；D选项definition“定义；清晰度”。根据句意，D选项正确。15. 【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项suggestion“建议；示意”；B选项application“应用；申请；敷用”；C选项implication“含义；暗示；可能的结果，影响”；D选项description“描述，描写”。联系上下文可知C选项正确。16. 【试题解析】考查词义。A选项prolong“延长；拖延”；B选项expand“扩展；使膨胀；详述”；C选项continue“延续”；D选项stretch“伸展，张开；使竭尽所能”。结合句意，B选项正确。17. 【试题解析】考查固定搭配。a point of departure“出发点”。A选项正确。18. 【试题解析】考查词义。A选项abandon“放弃”；B选项dismiss“解散；解雇”；C选项initiate“开始；发起”；D选项ignore“忽视；不理睬”。结合上下文及空格之前的内容，可知D选项正确。19. 【试题解析】考查语法。there be表示某处存在某人或某物。此处大意为：只有一些戏剧作品因此C选项正确。20. 【试题解析】考查词义，A选项refer“涉及；委托；归诸于；使求助于”；B选项entitle“给称号；使有权利”；C选项call“称呼；召集；称为”；D选项declare“忽视；不理睬”。结合上下文语义，可知C选项正确。21. 【试题解析】考查语法。With引导伴随状语，后面的系动词be要用现在分词形式，因此A选项正确。22. 【试题解析】考查词义。A选项intention“意图；目的；意向；愈合”；B选项function“功能；职责”；C选项routine“程序；日常工作；例行公事”；D选项occasion“时机；场合”。结合上下文可知B选项正确，意为“为同样的功能服务”。23. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。此处后文“that is, it shares a great deal with all other novels and short stories.”中文翻译为：也就是说，它与其他小说和短篇故事有很多相同之处。结合上下文，可知C选项正确。24. 【试题解析】考查语法。此处为被动语态，can为情态动词，后面所接动词用原型。故选B。25. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。由上下文可知此处应该表示“无论”，因此D选项正确。26. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。由上下文可知此处应该表示“如同”，故D选项正确。27. 【试题解析】考查词义。下文“mans nature and experience in relation to the world around him.”中文翻译为：人类的本性和人类与自己周围世界相关的经历。A选项interpret“解释；说明；阐明”；B选项translate“翻译；转化”；C选项exchange“交换；交易；兑换”；D选项represent“代表；表现”。根据语境及句意，可知A选项正确。28. 【试题解析】考查词义。A选项recognize“认出，识别；承认”；B选项present“提出；介绍；呈现；赠送”；C选项depict“描述；描画”；D选项express“表达；快递”。联系上下文可知此处表达的为“呈现”，故B选项正确。29. 【试题解析】考查词义。A选项conflict“冲突，矛盾；斗争；争执”；B选项cooperation“合作，协作”；C选项collection“采集，聚集；税收征收；收藏品；募捐”；D选项combination“结合；组合；联合”。联系下文“of narrator, story, plot, character, setting, and language.”中文翻译为：叙述者、故事、情节、人物、场景和语言的判断出D选项正确。30. 【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。根据上文可知此处应填写系动词，故C选项正确。3. 单选题It is not advisable to（ ）in affairs that are of no concern to you.问题1选项A.impartB.ponderC.meddleD.abound【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项impart“给予（尤指抽象事物），传授；告知，透露”；B选项ponder“考虑；沉思”；C选项meddle“干预；干涉”；D选项abound“富于；充满”。句意：去干涉与你无关的事情是不明智的。根据句意判断出C选项正确。4. 单选题There was much（ ）among the cyclists after the difficult ride.问题1选项A.camaraderieB.camradeneC.commraderieD.comraderie【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项camaraderie“友情”；B，C和D这三项在英语中不存在。句意：在这个艰难的骑行后，这些骑车者之间产生了很多友情。结合句意，故A选项正确。5. 单选题The （ ）consists of two main houses and 100 acres of meadow.问题1选项A.estateB.embassyC.enterpriseD.establishment【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项estate“房地产；财产；身份”；B选项embassy“大使馆；大使馆全体人员”；C选项enterprise“企业；事业；进取心”；D选项establishment“确立，制定；公司；设施”。句意：这个地产包含两个主房和100英亩牧场。结合此处语境，A选项正确。6. 单选题His successful negotiation with the French delegation helped to（ ）his position in the government.问题1选项A.contriveB.consolidateC.heaveD.intensify【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项contrive“设计；发明；图谋”；B选项consolidate“巩固，使固定；联合”；C选项heave“举起；使起伏；发出（叹息等）”；D选项intensify“使加强，使强化；使变激烈”。句意：他与法国代表团的成功谈判帮助巩固了他在政府机关中的地位。结合句意，B选项正确。7. 单选题Governments all around the world have increased their focus （1） means of fighting terrorism and ways of preventing natural disasters, and it is in this context（2）“the International Emergency Management Conference” has a vital role to（3）. As an international conference with the purpose of bringing together a number of（4）groups, who are all involved in emergency management,（5）is essential to exchange information if we want to improve our ability and understanding of this important work. Even though some countries are small and（6）isolated, they are（7）exempt from terrorism or natural disasters. Much has been achieved, but there is always more that remains to（8）and a conference like this, （9）knowledge and information is shared,（10） central in the pursuit for a better understanding of this whole area.问题1选项A.inB.atC.onD.to问题2选项A.thatB.whyC.whereD.when问题3选项A.giveB.actC.makeD.play问题4选项A.interestB.interestedC.interestsD.interesting问题5选项A.itB.whichC.thatD.this问题6选项A.geophysicallyB.geotropicallyC.geometricallyD.geographically问题7选项A.any wayB.by the wayC.in no wayD.in the way问题8选项A.doingB.be doneC.be doingD.have done问题9选项A.whichB.whomC.whereD.what20.问题10选项A.areB.isC.wasD.were【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A第6题:D第7题:C第8题:B第9题:C第10题:B【解析】1.【试题解析】考查习惯搭配。Focus on“专注于”。结合此处语义，C为正确答案。2.【试题解析】考查语法。由空格所在这句话的结构是完整的判断出此处考查强调句：it is.that.。结合此处语境，A为正确答案。3.【试题解析】考查固定短语。play a vital role“起重要作用”。结合此处语境，D为正确答案。4.【试题解析】考查语法。空格处作定语修饰groups，结合语境，B为正确答案。interested“感兴趣的；有利害关系的”。5.【试题解析】考查语法。分析句子结构，本句话真正的主语为to exchange information，空格处作形式主语，故选A。6.【试题解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项geophysically“地球物理学地”；B选项 geotropically“屈地性地”；C选项 geometrically“几何学上地”；D选项 geographically“在地理上；地理学上”。根据句意，D选项正确。7.【试题解析】考查短语辨析。A选项any way“以任何方式”；B选项 by the way “顺便说说，顺便问一下；在途中”；C选项 in no way “决不”；D选项 in the way“妨碍；挡道”。根据句意，C选项正确。8.【试题解析】考查语法。综合考虑，空格处和to构成动词不定式表将来，本句为系表结构，主语和表语为被动关系，因此B为正确答案。本句句意为：但是总是有更多问题有待处理。9.【试题解析】考查语法。结合句子结构，此处为非限定性定语从句，需要一个关键词引导，作为状语修饰关键词conference，因此C为正确答案。10.【试题解析】考查主谓一致。主语a conference为单数，句子时态为一般现在时，故B为正确答案。8. 单选题Ones attitude towards job hunting would be（ ）to his prospects.问题1选项A.criticalB.criticC.crucialD.criticized【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项critical“批评的，爱挑剔的；危险的；决定性的”；B选项critic“批评家，评论家；爱挑剔的人”；C选项crucial“重要的；决定性的；定局的；决断的”；D选项criticize“批评；评论；非难”。句意：一个人对找工作的态度对他的发展前景是重要的。故C正确。9. 单选题After years of negotiation, an international agreement to conserve species（ ）and ecosystems has finally been adopted.问题1选项A.ventilatedB.imperiledC.utilizedD.modulated【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项ventilated“通风的”；B选项imperiled“处于危险中的”；C选项utilized“被利用的”；D选项modulated“已调的；被调的”。句意：经过多年的谈判，一项保护处于危险中的物种和生态系统的国际协议最终被采用。结合句意，B选项正确。10. 单选题Although most birds have only a negligible sense of smell, they have （ ） vision.问题1选项A.vigorousB.exactC.acuteD.vivid【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项vigorous“有力的；精力充沛的”；B选项 exact“准确的，精密的；精确的”；C选项acute“敏锐的；激烈的；尖声的”；D选项 vivid“生动的；鲜明的”。句意：尽管大多数鸟类只有微不足道的嗅觉，但是它们却有敏锐的视觉。根据句意可知C选项正确。11. 单选题The citizens express their（ ）to the local council for the help.问题1选项A.attitudeB.gratitudeC.altitudeD.gravity【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项attitude“态度；看法”；B选项gratitude“感谢；感激”；C选项altitude“高地；高度；海拔”；D选项gravity“重力；地心引力；严重性”。句意：这些市民向提供帮助的当地委员会表达了他们的感谢。结合句意，故B选项正确。12. 单选题The jungle frightened the travelers because it seemed（ ）.问题1选项A.abismalB.abbysmalC.abyzmalD.abysmal【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A，B以及C选项不是正确的英文单词；D选项 abysmal“深不可测的”。句意：这个丛林使旅行者惊恐万分，因为它似乎是深不可测的。根据句意，D选项正确。13. 单选题In the college-admissions wars, we parents are the true fighters. Were pushing our kids to get good grades, take SAT preparatory courses and build resumes so they can get into the college of our first choice. Ive twice been to the wars, and as I survey the battlefield, something different is happening. We see our kids college background as a prize demonstrating how well weve raised them. But we cant acknowledge that our obsession is more about us than them. So weve contrived various justifications that turn out to be half-truths, prejudices or myths. It actually doesnt matter much whether Aaron and Nicole go to Stanford.We have a full-blown prestige panic; we worry that there wont be enough prizes to go around. Fearful parents urge their children to apply to more schools than ever. Underlying the hysteria is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable. Their graduates must enjoy more success because they get a better educating and develop better contacts. All that is plausible and mostly wrong. We havent found any convincing evidence that selectivity or prestige matters. Selective schools dont systematically employ better instructional approaches than less-selective schools. On two measures professors feedback and the number of essay exams selective schools do slightly worse.By some studies, selective schools do enhance their graduates lifetime earnings. The gain is reckoned at 2-4% for every 100-point increase in a schools average SAT scores. But even this advantage is probably a statistical fluke. A well-known study examined students who got into highly selective schools and then went elsewhere. They earned just as much as graduates from higher-status schools. Kids count more than their colleges. Getting into Yale may signify intelligence, talent and ambition. But its not the only indicator and, paradoxically, its significance is declining. The reason: so many similar people go elsewhere. Getting into college isnt lifes only competition. In the next competition the job market and graduate school the results may change. Old-boy networks are breaking down. Princeton economist Alan Krueger studied admissions to one top Ph. D. program. High scores on the GRE helped explain who got in; degrees of prestigious universities didnt.So, parents, lighten up. The stakes have been vastly exaggerated. Up to a point, we can rationalize our pushiness. America is a competitive society; our kids need to adjust to that. But too much pushiness can be destructive. The very ambition we impose on our children may get some into Harvard but may also set them up for disappointment. One study found that, other things being equal, graduates of highly selective schools experienced more job dissatisfaction. They may have been so conditioned to being on top that anything less disappoints.1.Why does the author say that parents are the true fighters in the college-admissions wars?2.Why do parents urge their children to apply to more school than ever?3.What does the author mean by “Kids count more than their colleges” (Line 5，Para. 3)?4.What can you infer from the passage?5.One possible result of pushing children into elite universities is that （ ）.问题1选项A.They have the final say in which university their children are to attendB.They know best which universities are most suitable for their childrenC.They have to carry out intensive surveys of colleges before children make an applicationD.They care more about which college their children go to than the children themselves问题2选项A.They want to increase their childrens chances of entering a prestigious collegeB.They hope their children can enter a university that offers attractive scholarshipsC.Their children will have a wider choice of which college to go toD.Elite universities now enroll fewer students than they used to问题3选项A.Continuing education is more important to a persons successB.A persons happiness should be valued more than his educationC.Kids actual abilities are more important than their college backgroundD.What kids learn at college cannot keep up with job market requirements问题4选项A.Getting into Ph.D . programs may be less competitive than getting into collegeB.Degrees of prestigious universities do not guarantee entry to graduate programsC.Graduates from prestigious universities do not care much about their GRED.Connections built in prestigious universities may be sustained long after graduation问题5选项A.they earn less than their peers from other institutionsB.they turn out to be less competitive in the job marketC.they experience more job dissatisfaction after graduationD.they overemphasize their qualifications in job application【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“But we cant acknowledge that our obsession is more about us than them.”，中文翻译为：但我们却不承认我们的痴迷（对上首选大学）更多是关于我们自己而非他们（指自己的小孩）。可以得知D选项“相比小孩自己，他们更关心自己的小孩去哪所大学上学”符合题意。2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段“We see our kids college background as a prize demonstrating how well weve raised them.”，中文翻译为：我们将自己小孩的大学背景当成展示我们怎样很好地养育他们的一种奖赏。以及原文第二段“We have a full-blown prestige panic; we worry that there wont be enough prize to go around.”，中文翻译为：我们有完全成熟的名誉恐慌，我们担心没有充足的奖赏。可知A选项“他们想增加自己小孩进入著名大学的机会”为正确答案。3.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段“Princeton economist Alan Krueger studied admissions to one top Ph. D. program. High scores on the GRE helped explain who got in; degrees of prestigious universities didnt.”，中文翻译为：普林斯顿大学的经济学家Alan Krueger对入学一个顶级博士项目的学生的研究发现，美国研究生入学考试的高分数有助于解释谁考上了大学，而名牌大学的学位却没有。可以得知C选项“小孩的实际能力比