2022-2023年考博英语-中国海洋大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第24期

2022-2023年考博英语-中国海洋大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题His successful negotiations with the Americans helped him （ ）his position in the government.问题1选项A.contriveB.heaveC.intensifyD.consolidate【答案】D【解析】句意:与美国的成功谈判帮他巩固了自己在政府中的地位。考查动词辨析。Contrive图谋,发明,设计; heave用力举起,投掷; intensify (使)加强,增强,加剧; consolidate使加强,使巩固。根据关键词his position(地位)可知D符合句意。2. 单选题He is among those lucky students who have won （ ）to first-rate university.问题1选项A.permissionB.admittanceC.professionD.admission【答案】D【解析】句意:他是那些能幸运地进入一流大学的学生中的一员。考查近义词辨析。permission 允许，许可，一般用于give sb. permission to do sth.允许某人做某事;admittance 进入，入场权（尤指公共场所）;profession 职业，声明，宣布；admission 入学，承认,录用。因此D符合句意。3. 单选题If you （ ）through a book or magazine, you look through it in a casual way.问题1选项A.brewB.broodC.bruiseD.browse【答案】D【解析】句意:随意地翻看书籍杂志，其实就是浏览。考查动词辨析。Brew酿制(啤酒),沏(茶),煮(咖啡); brood焦虑,忧思(使人厌烦、担忧或不安的事); bruise (使)出现伤痕,撞伤; browse (在商店里)随便看看,浏览,翻阅。因此D符合句意。4. 单选题He has been in China for a year and studied the market to discover the （ ）for profitable investment.问题1选项A.necessityB.realityC.capacityD.potential【答案】D【解析】句意:他在中国待了一年来研究市场，以便发现投资获利的可能性。考查名词辨析。Necessity必然,必要,需要; reality现实,事实; capacity容量,能力,职位; potential 可能,潜能。故D符合句意。5. 单选题While some business executives repeated their objections to the new smoking restrictions, others said they wanted more time to （ ）the impact of todays decision.问题1选项A.attestB.obtainC.affectD.weigh【答案】D【解析】句意:一些企业经管人员对新的吸烟限制条件表示反对，另外一部分人表示需要更多的时间去权衡如今决定的影响。考查动词辨析。Attest证明,证实; obtain获得; affect影响,感染,感动; weigh权衡,考虑,称重量。故D符合句意。6. 单选题Safety devices （ ）in preventing accidents in the workshop.问题1选项A.assistB.assureC.assembleD.contribute【答案】A【解析】句意:安全设备有助于防止车间出事故。考查动词辨析。Assist帮助,促进, assist in doing sth. 协助做某事; assure保证,担保; assemble集合,聚集,装配; contribute贡献,出力。因此A符合句意。7. 单选题（ ） no loss of energy by friction, the motion would continue definitely once it started.问题1选项A.There wereB.Were thereC.There wasD.If there is【答案】B【解析】句意:如果没有由于摩擦而使能量丧失，运动将无限期地继续下去。语法题。考查虚拟语气。根据句意推测此处属于与现在事实相反的条件句,故用虚拟语气: 条件从句的谓语动词为were或动词过去式，主句部分为 would/should/might/could+动词原形，故B正确。8. 单选题Before the Nobel Prize in literature was awarded to John Steinbeck in 1962, only five Americans had been previously thus honored, the most recent being Ernest Hemingway in 1954 and William Faulkner in 1949. Steinbeck had been considered on those occasions and also in 1945. As the honor is by far the greatest any writer can receive, Steinbeck was elated. The feeling of elation was tempered slightly, however, by the observation expressed by Steinbeck in 1956，that recipients of the Nobel Prize seldom write anything of value afterwards. He cited Hemingway and Faulkner as examples, minimizing the point that by the time of their selection most writers had already written their best work. At the age of sixty, when he received the awards himself, Steinbeck wrote to a friend that he would not have accepted the award had he not believed that he would continue to write well, that he 4*could beat the rap Like his contemporaries, and others as well, however, he did not.There was no expectation or need that the writer does so, for Steinbeck had long before made his mark in modern American literature.1.In what year was Steinbeck sixty years old?2.According to the passage, Steinbeck wrote his best work （ ）.3.Before 1949, how many Americans had received the Nobel Prize for literature?4.In the second paragraph, the phrase does so” refers to（ ）.5.What is the authors attitude toward John Steinbeck?问题1选项A.1949B.1954C.1956D.1962问题2选项A.in an expressive styleB.before receiving the Nobel PrizeC.while he was feeling elatedD.guided by his contemporaries问题3选项A.TwoB.ThreeC.FourD.Five问题4选项A.feel elated at receiving the Nobel PrizeB.accept the Nobel Prize if nominatedC.write well after receiving the Nobel PrizeD.honor Nobel Prize winners of the past问题5选项A.Steinbeck was an exceptionally different authorB.Steinbeck should have received the Nobel Prize earlierC.Steinbeck wrote equally well throughout his lifeD.Steinbeck earned his reputation well before 1962【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出: Before the Nobel Prize in literature was awarded to John Steinbeck in 1962 (在诺贝尔文学奖于1962年被授予John Steinbeck（约翰斯坦贝克）之前),以及后面说到: At the age of sixty, when he received the awards himself (60 岁时，在他 （约翰斯坦贝克）自己得到该奖项（即诺贝尔文学奖）后),由此可知D项 “1962年”正确。2.判断推理题。最后一段指出: There was no expectation or need that the writer does so,for Steinbeck had long before made his mark in modern American literature (不期望或不需要)约翰斯坦贝克在得到诺贝尔文学奖后继续写出好作品，因为他在很早以前己经在现代美国文学上成名了。由此可知B项“在获得诺贝尔奖之前”正确。3.判断推理题。第一段指出: Before the Nobel Prize in literature was awarded to John Steinbeck in 1962，only five Americans had been previously thus honored, the most recent being Ernest Hemingway in 1954 and William Faulkner in 1949 (在诺贝尔文学奖于1962年被授予John Steinbeck（约翰斯坦贝克）之前，只有五位美国人先前受到过如此殊荣，这五位在时间上最近的是1954年的欧内斯特海明威（美国作家）和1949年的威廉福克纳（美国小说家）),由此可知1949年以前获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国人有三位。4.判断推理题。does so” 出现在第二段,其所在句是顺承前面的句子: Steinbeck wrote to a friend that he would not have accepted the award had he not believed that he would continue to write well, that he “could beat the rap” (约翰斯坦贝克给一位朋友写信称，如果他不相信自己将继续写出好作品和能免受指责（诺贝尔奖得主在得奖后很少写出有价值的任何东西）的话，那么他将不会接受诺贝尔奖),由此可知C项 “获得诺贝尔奖后写出好作品”正确。5.观点态度题。最后一段指出: There was no expectation or need that the writer does so for Steinbeck had long before made his mark in modern American literature (不期望或不需要这位作者（即约翰斯坦贝克）在得到诺贝尔文学奖后继续写出好作品， 因为约翰斯坦贝克在很早以前已经在现代美国文学上成名了)。由此可知D项 “约翰斯坦贝克在1962年前已经非常出名”正确。9. 单选题（ ）at conveying her underlying messages through the skilled use of words that her lecture was greeted by students with deafening applause.问题1选项A.So successful the speaker wasB.So successful was the speakerC.The speaker so successfulD.Because the speaker was so successful【答案】B【解析】句意:这位演讲者通过巧妙的语言如此成功地表达了她的潜在信息，以致她的演讲得到学生们震耳欲聋的掌声。语法题。考查部分倒装。在so.that句型中,如果so+形容词提前,句子需要部分倒装,故选B。10. 单选题The students were supposed to （ ）their assignment by now.问题1选项A.finishB.have finishedC.finishingD.having finished【答案】B【解析】句意:到现在为止，学生们应该已完成作业了。语法题。考查现在完成时。由关键词by now (到现在为止)可知句子 用现在完成时态。Be supposed to 后面应该接动词原形have。故选B。11. 单选题I was worried that my work wasnt good enough, but the teacher （ ）me that the work would be satisfactory.问题1选项A.assuredB.ensuredC.reassuredD.confirmed【答案】C【解析】句意:我担心作业做的不够好,但老师打消了我的顾虑,说我的作业会令人满意。考查动词辨析。四个选项都是对应动词的过去式。Assure使确信,向保证,弄清; ensure确保,使安全; reassure使安心,打消的疑虑; confirm证实,证明,批准。C符合句意。12. 单选题Although （ ）happened in that developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world.问题1选项A.whichB.whatC.whoD.that【答案】B【解析】句意:尽管在那个发达国家发生的事情听起来像科幻小说，但是这些事情却可能在世界的其它地方发生。语法题。考查主语从句的引导词。分析题干可知“ happened in thatdeveloped country”为although引导的让步状语从句中的主语从句,空格处应填主语从句引导词,并且在从句中充当主语成分。故选B。13. 单选题（ ）my colleague and myself, Id like to give a warm welcome to you all.问题1选项A.On behalf ofB.On account ofC.In place ofD.In memory of【答案】A【解析】句意:我代表我的同事和自己，向你们表示热烈的欢迎。考查短语辨析。on behalf of代表,为了; on account of因为; in place of代替; in memory of纪念。因此A符合句意。14. 单选题Successful innovations have driven many older technologies to extinction and have resulted in higher productivity, greater consumption materials through the economy and increased quantities of metals and other substances in use per capita. The history of industrial development abounds with examples.In 1870, horses and mules were the prime source of power on US farms. One horse or mule was required to support four human beings a ration that remained almost constant for many decades. At that time, had a national commission been asked to forecast the horse and mule population for 1970, its answer probably would have depended on whether its consultants were of an economic or technological turn of mind. Had they been “economists”, they would probably have projected the 1970 horse or mule population to be more than 50 million. Had they been “technologists”，they would have recognized that the power of steam had already been harnessed to industry and to land and ocean transport. They would have recognized further that it would be only a matter of time before steam would be the prime source of power on the farm. It would have been difficult for them to avoid the conclusion that the horse and mule population would decline rapidly.1.According to the passage, what supplied most of the power on U.S. farms in 1870?2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as a consequence of new technological developments?3.It can be inferred from the passage that by 1870（ ）.4.In the second paragraph, the author suggests that “economists” would（ ）.5.What is the authors attitude toward changes brought on by technological innovation?问题1选项A.AnimalsB.HumansC.EnginesD.Water问题2选项A.Older technologies die away.B.The quality of life is improved.C.Overall productivity increasedD.More raw materials become necessary问题3选项A.technology began to be more commercialB.the steam engine had been inventedC.the U.S. horse population was about 10 millionD.a national commission on agriculture had been established问题4选项A.plan the economy through yearly forecastsB.fail to consider the influence of technological innovationC.value the economic contribution of farm animalsD.consult for the national commission on the economy问题5选项A.He is excited about themB.He accepts them as naturalC.He is disturbed by themD.He questions their usefulness【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段指出: In 1870, horses and mules were the prime source of power on US farms (在1870年，马和骡子是美国农场的主要劳动力),由此可知A项“动物”正确。2.细节事实题。题干问的是:下列哪项不属于作者所述技术革新的结果?第一段指出: Successful innovations have driven many older technologies to extinction and have resulted in higher productivity, greater consumption materials through the economy (成功的新发明让很多较旧的技术消失，带来了更高的生产力，通过经济发展带来更多数量的消耗材料)。故作者并未提及B项“人的生活质量得到 了改善”。3.判断推理题。第二段指出: .they would have recognized that the power of steam had already been harnessed to industry and to land and ocean transport (他们将认识到蒸汽动力已被使用到工业、土地和海洋运输)。由此推测B项“蒸汽引擎已被发明”正确。4.判断推理题。根据题干关键词“economists”定位至第二段: Had they been “economists”，they would probably have projected the 1970 horse or mule population to be more than 50 million (如果他们是经济学家，那么他们会认为到1970年马或骡子的数量要达到5000万),因此选B项“未能考虑到技术革新的影响”。5.观点态度题。由第一段中“Successful innovations have driven many older technologies to extinction and have resulted in higher productivity(成功的新发明让很多较旧的技术消失,提高了生产力)”和最后一段中“It would have been difficult for them to avoid the conclusion that the horse and mule population would decline rapidly (他们最后很可能会得出这样的结论:马和骡子的数量会迅速减少)”可知作者对于技术革新带来的改变的态度是“自然地接受了他们”。15. 单选题The hotel （ ）only $50 for a double room in the slack season.问题1选项A.claimsB.pricesC.chargesD.demands【答案】C【解析】句意:在淡季，这家旅馆的双人间只需要50美元。考查固定搭配。charge for 索价,要价。16. 单选题It was suggested that this naughty boy（ ）.问题1选项A.win be scoldedB.had been scoldedC.could be scoldedD.be scolded【答案】D【解析】句意:有人建议对这个调皮的男孩儿进行批评。语法题。考查特殊虚拟语气。根据关键信息It was suggested that可知that引导的主语从句要用虚拟语气: should+动词原形(should可省略)。动词scold和主语naughty boy之间是被动关系。故选D。17. 单选题He seemed too old for her, （ ）like a father （ ）a husband.问题1选项A.more.thanB.not so.asC.most.thanD.rather.than【答案】A【解析】句意:对她来说，他似乎有点太老了，相比丈夫，他更像她的父亲。考查固定搭配。由前半句句意“他似乎有点太老了”推测后面句意为: 相比丈夫，他更像她的父亲。more .than. 相比，更是。故选A。18. 单选题The energy gained from the sun can then be used during the night to enable the necessary chemical reaction to （ ）in its body.问题1选项A.precedeB.proceedC.progressD.practice【答案】B【解析】句意:从太阳获取的能量能在夜间被用来使必要的化学反应在体内进行。考查动词辨析。Precede领先，在之前; proceed开始，继续进行,发生; progress前进,进步; practice练习,实习,实行。故B符合句意。19. 翻译题In a calm sea every man is a pilot. But all sunshine without shade, all pleasure without pain, is not life at all. Even death itself makes life more loving. Men come closest to their true selves in the sober moments of life, under the shadows of sorrow and loss. In the affairs of life or of business, it is not intellect that tells so much as character, not brains so much as heart, not genius so much as self-control, patience, and discipline, regulated by judgment. I have always believed that the man who has begun to live more seriously within begins to live more simply without. In an age of extravagance and waste, I wish I could show to the world how few the real wants of humanity are. To regret ones errors to the point of not repeating them is true repentance. There is nothing noble in being superior to some other man. The true nobility is in being superior to your previous self.【答案】在风平浪静的大海上，每个人都是领航员。但只有阳光没有阴影，只有快乐没有痛苦，这样根本不是真正的生活。甚至死亡本身都使得生命更加可爱。在人生清醒的时刻，在悲伤与失落的阴影之下，人们与真实的自我最为接近。在生活和事业的种种事务之中，性格比才智更能指导我们，心灵比头脑更能引导我们，而由判断所控制的自制、耐心和纪律比天分更能让我们受益。我一向认为，内心生活一开始就更为严谨的人，他的外在生活也会变得更为简朴。在物欲横流的年代，但愿我能向世人表明，人类的真正需求是何其少。后悔自己的过错以致不重蹈覆辙才是真正的悔悟。优于别人，并不高贵，真正的高贵应该是优于过去的自己。20. 单选题The common experience of having a name or word on the tip of the tongue seems related to specific perceptual attributes. In particular, people who report the tip-of-the-tongue feeling tend to identify the words first letter and number of syllables with an accuracy that far exceeds mere guessing. There is evidence that the mind may encode data about when information was learned and about how often it has been experienced. Some memories seem to embrace spatial information; e.g., one remembers a particular news item to be on the lower right-hand side of the front page of a newspaper. Research indicates that the rate of forgetting varies for different attributes. For example, memories in which auditory attributes seem dominant tend to be more rapidly forgotten than those with minimal acoustic characteristics.If a designated (target) memory consists of a collection of attributes, its recall or retrieval should be enhanced by any cue that indicates one of the attributes. For example, on failing to recall the term horse (included in a list they have just seen), people may be asked if an associated term (say, barn or zebra) helps them recall the word. While some additional recall has been observed with this kind of help, failures are common even with ostensibly relevant cues. Though it is possible that the cues frequently are appropriate, nevertheless, if words were not learned (encoded or stored) with accompanying attributes, cuing of any kinds should be ineffective.1.With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?2.It can be concluded from the passage that all encoded words are （ ）.3.What does the passage mainly discuss?4.Which of the following does the author mention as a cause for forgetting?5.Which is not mentioned as a tendency among people who encounter tip-of-the-tongue experience?问题1选项A.Words that are only heard are easily forgottenB.The brain always remembers the moment words are first learnedC.Auditory cues are more helpful than spatial cuesD.Uncommon words are normally remembered with visual cues问题2选项A.remembered without helpB.learned without cuesC.stored with attributesD.forgotten if not used问题3选项A.How a person remembers wordsB.The origin of the expression tip-of-the-tongue”C.How a person uses new wordsD.How cues are used to pronounce words问题4选项A.The need for more precise spatial informationB.The creation of ostensibly relevant cuesC.The learning of words without corresponding attributesD.The use of inappropriate auditory cues问题5选项A.Knowing the number of syllables in a wordB.Remembering where words were seenC.Knowing the first letter of the wordD.Recognizing the word when heard【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。A:听到的言语信息很容易被忘记,第一段指出: For example, memories in which auditory attributes seem dominant tend to be more rapidly forgotten than those with minimal acoustic characteristics (相比听觉属性占最少优势的那些记忆，听觉属性占优势的记忆倾向于更快速地被忘记),故A项与原文不符。B:人的大脑一直记忆单词被首先知晓的瞬间,第一段指出: There is evidence that the mind may encode data about when information was learned and about how often it has been experienced (有证据表 明人的大脑可能编码有关信息何时被知晓和多久一次被经历的数据),故B正确。C:听觉线索比空间线索更有帮助,D: 不常见的单词一般通过视觉线索被记忆,文章并未提及。2.判断推理题。第一段指出: The common experience of having a name or word on the tip of the tongue seems related to specific perceptual attributes (差点想起一个名字或言词的常见经历似乎和特定的感知属性相关), Research indicates that the rate of forgetting varies for different attributes (研究表明，遗忘的频率根据属性的不同而变化),由此可知C项“被带着属性地储存”正确。3.主旨大意题。文章主要讨论了“人怎样记忆言词”。4.细节事实题。第二段指出: if words were not learned （encoded or stored） with accompanying attributes, cuing of any kinds should be ineffective (如果言词没有在带着伴随的属性情况下被知晓（被编码或储存），那么任何种类的线索提示应该是无效的),由此可知C“没有对应属性的学习言词”正确。5.细节事实题。A:知晓言词的音节数,C:知晓言词的第一个字母,第一段指出: In particular, people who report the tip-of-the-tongue feeling tend to identify the words first letter and number of syllables with an accuracy that far exceeds mere guessing (特别地,说自己有差点想起感觉的人倾向于以远超单纯猜测的准确性去辨认出言词的第一个字母和其音节数),因此A,B在文中被提及。B:记忆言词在哪里被看见,第一段指出: Some memories seem to embrace spatial information; e.g., one remembers a particular news item to be on the lower right-hand side of the front page of a newspaper (些记忆貌似包含空间信息，如一个人记得一个特定的新闻内容位于报纸头版右手边较低位置),由此可知B项被提及。故选D“识别听见的言词”。