2022-2023年考博英语-苏州大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第10期

2022-2023年考博英语-苏州大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题The childs hysterical crying （ ） the doctor from completing his examination.问题1选项A.fosteredB.spurredC.impededD.sustained【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。foster “培养，养育”；spur “激励，鞭策”；impede “阻碍”；sustain “维持”。句意：那孩子歇斯底里的哭声妨碍了医生完成检查。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题His statements today are （ ） what he said yesterday.问题1选项A.in favor withB.in contradiction withC.in contact withD.in league with【答案】B【解析】词组辨析。In favor with “受好评”；in contradiction with “与相抵触”；in contact with “与有联系”；in league with “与联合”。句意：他今天的陈述与昨天的话语相抵触。选项B符合题意。3. 翻译题理论必须联系实际，这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。在姹紫嫣红的花卉世界里，牡丹自古以来就素有“花中之王”的美誉，深受中国人的喜爱。凡是优秀的作品，读来都如同与历史上最杰出的人物在促膝谈心。这几年的变化极为显著，不容我们有所忽视，教训也极为沉痛，不容我们不深为铭记。自然科学方面，我们比较落后，特别要努力向外国学习，但是也要批判地学，不可盲目地学。【答案】Theory must be related to facts, which is a principle we have to firmly remember.In the colorful world of flowers, Peony has been entitled as “the king of flower”, which is favored by Chinese people deeply.All splendid works make readers feel like that they are talking with many outstanding people in the history while reading these books.There has been a tremendous change in recent years that we cant ignore, and its lessons are painful that we cant forget.As for natural science, we are backward and need to learn from foreign countries. But we should learn critically and wisely.4. 单选题It has always been difficult for the philosopher or scientist to fit time into his view of the universe. Prior to Einsteinian physics, there was no truly adequate formulation of the relationship of time to other forces in the universe, even though some empirical equations included time quantities. However, even the Einsteinian formulation is not perhaps totally adequate to the job of fitting time into the proper relationship with the other dimensions, as they are called, of space. The primary problem arises in relation to things which might be going faster than the speed of light, or have other strange properties.Examination of the Lorentz-Fitzgerald formulas yields the interesting speculation that if something did actually exceed the speed of light it would have its mass expressed as an imaginary number and would seem to be going backwards in time. The barrier to exceeding the speed of light is an apparent need to have an infinite quantity of mass moved at exactly the speed of light. If this situation could be leaped over in a large quantum jump - which seems highly unlikely for masses that are large in normal circumstances - then the other side may be achievable.The idea of going backwards in time is derived from the existence of a time vector that is negative, although just what this might mean to our senses in the unlikely circumstance of our experiencing this state cannot be conjectured. There have been, in fact, some observations of particle chambers which have lead some scientists to speculate that a particle called the tachyon may exist with the tans-light properties we have just discussed.The difficulties of imagining and coping with these potential implications of our mathematical models points out the importance of studying alternative methods of notation for advanced physics. Professor Zuckerkandl, in his book Sound and Symbol, hypothesizes that it might be better to express the relationships found in quantum mechanics through the use of a notation derived from musical notations. To oversimplify greatly, he argues that music has always given parameters or dimensions. Therefore, it might be a more useful language in which to express the relationships in physics where time again has a special role to play, and cannot be treated as just another dimension.The point of this, or any other alternative to the current methods of describing basic physical processes, is that time does not appear - either by common experience or sophisticated scientific understanding - to be the same sort of dimension or parameter as physical dimensions, and is deserving of completely special treatment, in a system of notation designed to accomplish that goal.One approach would be to consider time to be a field effect governed by the application of energy to mass - that is to say, by the interaction of different forms of energy, if you wish to keep in mind the equivalence of mass and energy. The movement of any normal sort of mass is bound to produce a field effect that we call positive time. An imaginary mass would produce a negative time field effect. This is not at variance with Einsteins theories, since the “faster” a given mass moves the more energy was applied to it and the greater would be the field effect. The time effects predicted by Einstein and confirmed by experience are, it seem, consonant with this concept.1.The passage supports the inference that （ ）.2.The central idea of the passage can be best described as being which of the following?3.According to the author, it is too soon to （ ）.4.It can be inferred that the author sees Zuckerkandl as believing that mathematics is a (n) （ ）.5.In the first sentence, the author refers to “philosopher” as well as to “scientist” because （ ）.问题1选项A.Einsteins theory of relatively is wrongB.time travel is clearly possibleC.tachyons do not have the same sort of mass as any other particlesD.it is impossible to travel at precisely the speed of light问题2选项A.New observations require the development of new theories and new methods of describing the new theories.B.Einsteinian physics can be much improved on in its treatment of tachyons.C.Zuckerkandls theories of tachyon formation are preferable to Einsteins.D.Anomalies in theoretical physics notation permit intriguing hypotheses and indicate the need for refined notation of the time dimension.问题3选项A.call Beethoven a physicist.B.plan for time travel.C.adopt proposals such as ZuckerkandlsD.attempt to improve current notation.问题4选项A.difficult field of study.B.language.C.necessary evil.D.great hindrance to full understanding.问题5选项A.this is part of a larger work.B.the nature of time is a basic question in philosophy as well as physics.C.physicists get Doctor of Philosophy degrees.D.the study of the methods of any field is a philosophical question.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段， “The barrier to exceeding the speed of light is an apparent need to have an infinite quantity of mass moved at exactly the speed of light. If this situation could be leaped over in a large quantum jump - which seems highly unlikely”，可知超过光速的障碍显然是需要有一个无限大的质量以光速运动。如果这种情况可以通过一个巨大的量子跃迁来跨越这似乎极不可能的。可判断出以光速运动是不可能的。选项D符合题意。2.主旨题。文章第一段提到总是难以让时间符合科学家和哲学家的宇宙观，即使爱因斯坦的公式也不能完全解释其中的关系。如果存在超过光速的物质，它可能会落后于时间。下文继续提到了新的理论提出如何解决其中的问题，并且与爱因斯坦的理论并不矛盾。可判断出本文的中心思想是新的观察需要发展新的理论和描述新理论的新方法。选项A符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章第三段， “The idea of going backwards in time is derived from the existence of a time vector that is negative, although just what this might mean to our senses in the unlikely circumstance of our experiencing this state cannot be conjectured.”，可知时间倒流的概念来自于一个负的时间矢量的存在，尽管我们无法推测这对我们的感官意味着什么，当我们经历这种状态的不太可能的情况的时候，可知人们现阶段难以实现时间旅行。可推断出计划时间旅行还为时过早。选项B符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第四段， “Therefore, it might be a more useful language in which to express the relationships in physics where time again has a special role to play, and cannot be treated as just another dimension.”， 可知他认为数学可能是一种更有用的语言，用来表达物理中的关系，在物理中，时间再次扮演着特殊的角色，而不能仅仅被视为另一个维度。可推断出Zuckerkandl认为数学是一种语言。选项B符合题意。5.推断题。根据文章第一句， “It has always been difficult for the philosopher or scientist to fit time into his view of the universe.”，可知对哲学家或科学家来说，要把时间融入宇宙观中一直是困难的。可推断出时间的本质是哲学和物理学中的一个基本问题。选项B符合题意。5. 单选题The arts and Craft movement in the United States are responsible for （ ） change in attitudes toward the decorative arts, then considered the minor or household arts.问题1选项A.smashingB.sleepingC.sweepingD.switching【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。smashing “极好的，猛烈的”；sleeping “睡着的”；sweeping “影响广泛的，规模大的”；switching “开关，动词的-ing形式”。句意：美国的艺术和工艺运动使人们对装饰艺术的态度发生了翻天覆地的变化，它考虑到低层次的艺术或家庭艺术。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题In the spring of 2010, fiscal austerity became fashionable. I use the term advisedly: the sudden consensus among Very Serious People that everyone must balance budgets now wasnt based on any kind of careful analysis. It was more like a fad, something everyone professed to believe because that was what the in-crowd was saying.And its a fad that has been fading lately, as evidence has accumulated that the lessons of the past remain relevant, that trying to balance budgets in the face of high unemployment and falling inflation is still a really bad idea. Most notably, the confidence fairy has been exposed as a myth. There have been widespread claims that deficit-cutting actually reduces unemployment because it reassures consumers and businesses; but multiple studies of historical record, including one by the International Monetary Fund, have shown that this claim has no basis in reality.No widespread fad ever passes, however, without leaving some fashion victims in its wake. In this case, the victims are the people of Britain, who have the misfortune to be ruled by a government that took office at the height of the austerity fad and wont admit that it was wrong. Britain, like America, is suffering from the aftermath of a housing and debt bubble. Its problems are compounded by Londons role as an international financial center: Britain came to rely on too much on profits from wheeling and dealing to drive its economy-and on financial-industry tax payments to pay for government programs.Over-reliance on the financial industry largely explains why Britain, which came into the crisis with relatively low public debt, has seen its budget deficit soar to 11 percent of GD.P. - slightly worse than the U.S. deficit. And theres no question that Britain will eventually need to balance its books with spending cuts and tax increases. The operative word here should, however, be “eventually.” Fiscal austerity will depress the economy further unless it can be offset by a fall in interest rates. Right now, interest rates in Britain, as in America, are already very low, with little room to fall further. The sensible thing, then, is to devise a plan for putting the nations fiscal house in order, while waiting until a solid economic recovery is under way before wielding the ax.But trendy fashion, almost by definition, isnt sensible-and the British government seems determined to ignore the lessons of history. Both the new British budget announced on Wednesday and the rhetoric that accompanied the announcement might have come straight from the desk of Andrew Mellon, the Treasury secretary who told President Herbert Hoover to fight the Depression by liquidating the farmers, liquidating the workers, and driving down wages. Or if you prefer more British precedents, it echoes the Snowden budget of 1931, which tried to restore confidence but ended up deepening the economic crisis.The British governments plan is bold, say the pundits-and so it is. But it boldly goes in exactly the wrong direction. It would cut government employment by 490,000 workers-the equivalent of almost three million layoffs in the United States-at a time when the private sector is in no position to provide alternative employment. It would slash spending at a time when private demand isnt at all ready to take up the slack. Why is the British government doing this? The real reason has a lot to do with ideology: the Tories are using the deficit as an excuse to downsize the welfare state. But the official rationale is that there is no alternative.What happens now? Maybe Britain will get lucky, and something will come along to rescue the economy. But the best guess is that Britain in 2011 will look like Britain in 1931, or the United States in 1937, or Japan in 1997. That is, premature fiscal austerity will lead to a renewed economic slump. As always, those who refuse to learn from the past are doomed to repeat it.1.The “fiscal austerity” refers to （ ）.2.By saying “the confidence fairy has been exposed as a myth”，the author means （ ）.3.What is wrong with the current governments financial policy?4.By mentioning Andrew Mellon, the author implies that （ ）.5.To the author, the practice of fiscal austerity will certainly lead to （ ）.问题1选项A.the consensus among financial advisersB.the reduction in expenditureC.the severe economic recessionD.the high inflation rate问题2选项A.balancing budgets does not help with employmentB.businesses have not improved their operationC.reducing budgets is no longer a fad nowD.falling inflation has given consumers confidence问题3选项A.It cuts financial-industry tax payments.B.It ignores Britains financial situation.C.It has launched Britain into another slump.D.It is made as a response to crises in America.问题4选项A.the American leaders have made the same mistakeB.the Treasury secretary ignored the interests of the farmers and workersC.the British governments budget plan is seriously wrongD.the American leaders give substantial support to their British counterparts问题5选项A.an unexpected recoveryB.improved employmentC.renewed confidenceD.a repeated recession【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.词义理解题。根据文章第一段，“the sudden consensus among Very Serious People that everyone must balance budgets now wasnt based on any kind of careful analysis.”，可知第一句中的fiscal austerity等同于这里的balance budgets。严肃人士之间突然达成的共识是，现在每个人都必须平衡预算，而这种共识并不是基于任何仔细的分析。所以平衡预算需要缩减开支，选项B符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章第二段，“the confidence fairy has been exposed as a myth. There have been widespread claims that deficit-cutting actually reduces unemployment”，可知自信的神话变成了一种虚构。用来暗示财政紧缩政策并没有帮助经济恢复，而财政赤字实际上能降低失业率，并且在第二段中用大量的事实说明了财政紧缩政策并没带来实际作用。可推断出财政紧缩政策对提高就业率并没有产生帮助。选项A符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章第四段，“And theres no question that Britain will eventually need to balance its books with spending cuts and tax increases.”，可知毫无疑问，英国最终将需要通过削减开支和增加税收来平衡收支。可推断出削减金融业的税收的财政政策是错误的。选项A符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第五段，“the British government seems determined to ignore the lessons of history.”，可知英国政府似乎忽视了历史的教训。下文用Andrew Mellon的荒谬政策加深经济危机的例子来进一步说明英国政府的平衡收支计划是错误的，忽视了历史教训。选项C符合题意。5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“premature fiscal austerity will lead to a renewed economic slumpthose who refuse to learn from the past are doomed to repeat it.”，可知过早的财政紧缩将导致新一轮的经济衰退，拒绝吸取历史教训的人注定要重蹈覆辙。可判断出作者认为财政紧缩的做法肯定会导致经济衰退重蹈覆辙。选项D符合题意。7. 翻译题吴歌是中国吴语地区民歌民谣的总称。吴语地区包括江苏南部、浙江北部和上海 市，大致是指长江下游的三角洲地区。这里是同一种方言的文化圈，同属传统吴文化范畴。“吴”的概念随着历代区域划分而有所变化，如早期的“吴”指的是吴国领域，后来在 曾包括现在的南京和扬州等地，现在所说的“吴”是地域和方言区划的概念。苏州恰在它的中心地位，它是一座以“天堂”美名享誉古今中外的历史文化名称，历史上采集吴歌， 也以它为中心，在中国文学史上占有一定地位。【答案】Wu Song is the general name title of folk song in Wu language area of China. Wu language area includes southern Jiangsu, Northern Zhejiang and Shanghai, referring to the delta area of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. This is a cultural circle of the same dialect belonging to traditional cultural of Wu areas. The concept of “Wu”has changed with the historical regional division, for example, “Wu”in early time refers to Wu area, later it included some present places, such as Nanjing and Yangzhou. “Wu”conrrently is a concept of division of region and dialect. Suzhou exactly is in the center of it, which is a historical cultural title famed as “paradise”. It was also the center of Wu Song collection and occupied its position in the history of literature.8. 单选题Here in the US, before agricultural activities destroyed the natural balance, there were great migrations of Rocky Mountain locusts. Great migrating hordes of these insects once darkened the skies on the plains east of the Rockies where crops were often destroyed; the worst years were those from 1874 to 1877. One of these migrating swarms was estimated to contain 124 million locusts. During another migration in Nebraska it was estimated the swarm of locusts averaged half a mile high and was 100 miles wide and 300 miles long. Usually, these swarms take off from the ground against the wind, but, once airborne, they turn and fly with it. Warm convection currents help to lift them often to great heights. During the great locust plagues the situation became so serious that the original state constitution had to be rewritten to take care of the economic problems. The new document was known as “Grasshopper Constitution”. It is now believed that these locusts were a migratory form or phase of the lesser migratory locust, which is still common there. In this respect, the North American migratory locusts resemble their African relatives. In both regions the migratory forms arise as a result of crowding and climatic factors. Migratory forms are apparently natural adaptations which bring about dispersal when locust populations become too crowded. Fortunately for our farmers, the migratory form, the so-called spretus species, no longer seems to occur regularly, although there was a serious outbreak as late as 1938 in mid-western United States and Canada. Actually, there is no reason why the destructive migratory form might not again appear if circumstances should become favorable.1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?2.It can be inferred from the passage that the state constitution of Nebraska was rewritten in order to （ ）.3.According to the passage, North American and African migratory locusts are similar in that （ ）.4.The passage supports which of the following conclusions?问题1选项A.The Life Cycle of Locusts.B.Migratory Locusts in the US.C.Locust Plagues in Nebraska.D.The Reproductive Capability of the Locust.问题2选项A.make the constitution more understandable to the publicB.encourage the farmers to leave the stateC.provide for a regular census of the locus populationD.solve difficulties that resulted from loss of crops问题3选项A.they always travel toward mountainous regionsB.their destructive activities occur only in plain areasC.climates affect their developmentD.they are both mentioned in state constitutions问题4选项A.The outbreak of locusts in 1938 was more serious than any other in history.B.Nebraska farmers had no locust problems in the years 1874 - 1877.C.There is a possibility that crops in the US might be destroyed by locusts in the future.D.There is a chance that African migratory locusts may make their way to the US.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C【解析】1.主旨题。本文主要讲述了美国的两次蝗灾，下文接着提到了内布拉斯加州政府修订了州宪法来解决蝗虫带来的经济灾难，最后提出预测，如果条件允许，蝗虫依然会迁徙而带来灾害。所以整篇文章都关于蝗虫的迁徙。选项B符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章， “During the great locust plagues the situation became so serious that the original state constitution had to be rewritten to take care of the economic problems.”，可知在蝗灾期间，情况变得如此严重，原来的州宪法不得不重写，以处理经济问题。可判断出内布拉斯加州的州宪法是为了解决因农作物减产而造成的经济问题。选项D符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章，“In this respect, the North American migratory locusts resemble their African relatives. In both regions the migratory forms arise as a result of crowding and climatic factors.”，可知在迁移形式上，北美和非洲的蝗虫很相似。在这两个区域，迁徙形式都是由于拥挤和气候因素而产生的。可判断出北美和非洲的蝗虫相似原因在于气候影响。选项C符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章，“the worst years were those from 1874 to 1877.”，可知最糟糕的年份是1874年到1877年。可判断出1938年不是最严重的一年，选项A可排除。文中只提到1874-1877年遇到了蝗灾问题，并没有提及内布拉斯加州是否发生，选项B可排除。根据文章最后一句，“there is no reason why the destructive migratory form might not again appear if circumstances should become favorable.”，可知如果情况有利，破坏性的迁移形式有可能会再次出现，并不能说明非洲蝗虫一定会迁徙到美国。选项D可排除。根据排除法，选项C符合题意。9. 单选题Susan has （ ） the elbows of her sons jacket with leather patches to make it more durable.问题1选项A.reinforcedB.sustainedC.steadiedD.confirmed【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。reinforce “加强，加固”；sustain “维持，支撑”；steady “使稳定，稳固”；confirm“确认，确定”。句意：苏珊用皮革加固儿子夹克的肘部，使它更耐穿。选项A符合题意。10