2022-2023年考博英语-清华大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第4期

2022-2023年考博英语-清华大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题When you prepare for your speech, be sure to cite（ ）qualified sources of information and examples.问题1选项A.unbiasedB.manipulatedC.distortedD.conveyed【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析。Unbiased 公正的, 无偏见的; manipulated 熟练控制的；distorted 扭歪的，受到曲解的；conveyed 传达的，传输的。句中 “qualified sources of information”应该指合格的信息, 故A项unbiased “公正不偏不倚的”符合逻辑。2. 单选题Scientists believe that there is not enough oxygen in the Moons atmosphere to（ ）plant life.问题1选项A.adaptB.personalizeC.sustainD.describe【答案】C【解析】动词辨析sustain。意为“维持，保持”，符合句意。3. 单选题Before the general election many senior citizens signed the（ ）against the spreading of nuclear arms.问题1选项A.contractB.petitionC.supplicationD.potential【答案】B【解析】名词辨析。contract 合同，契约；petition 请愿书，指许多人签名的向当权者提出某种要求；supplication 祈愿，祈求，恳求；potential 潜力，潜势。句意: 好多老年人签订 反对核武器的扩散。故B项符合句意。4. 单选题It is known to all that children in this region have strong（ ）to swimming in summerbecause of the hot weather.问题1选项A.inclinationB.exposureC.fluxD.correlation【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。inclination 倾向；exposure 暴露；flux 涨潮；熔化；correlation 相互关系，相关性。句意: 由于夏天天热，这个地区的孩子对于游泳都有强烈的 。选项A符合句意。5. 单选题The speaker was very much（ ）by rude words and behavior of the audience in the hall.问题1选项A.jerkedB.incensedC.lacedD.limped【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。根据句意，演讲者被rude words and behavior激怒。jerked 急推，猛推；incensed 激怒；laced 系牢，系紧；limped 跛行，句意:演讲者被粗鲁的言行 （ ）。选项B符合句意。6. 单选题The military operations（ ）yesterday were targeted at the military installations.问题1选项A.propelledB.commencedC.plaguedD.modulated【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。空格处做的是后置定语，修饰the military operations(军事行动)，B项commenced(开始)符合句意。7. 单选题There are over 6, 000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography, and another trains pilots. Others train the player in logical thinking and problem solving. Some games may also help young people to become more computer literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era.But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. “A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language,” says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. “Unfortunately, its a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged eight to fifteen.”One study showed that almost 80 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred contained violence. The investigators said, “These are not just games anymore. These are learning machines. Were teaching kids in the most incredible manner what its like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences. They also said, The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because they have better graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts. ” In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33, 000 people by the time all levels are completed. A description of the outcome of the game says: “Your victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield. They also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them. ”Is all this simulated violence harmful? Approximately 3, 000 different studies have been conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who already have violent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent games still play a contributing role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising?1.Which of the following computer games are NOT mentioned as educational and harmlessly entertaining?（ ）2.According to the investigators,（ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that （ ）.4.The author uses “television advertising” as an example to show that （ ）.问题1选项A.Those that teach how to fly an airplane.B.Those that teach the features of the earth.C.Those that help people use computer language.D.Those that teach computer technology.问题2选项A.the new and more sophisticated games allow the players to take part in real violent actsB.the new and more sophisticated games teach the players how to kill other peopleC.most computer and online games make the players forget the real life resultsD.most computer and online games may cultivate young people with bad manners问题3选项A.more and more young people enjoy cruel computer gamesB.it is hard to find evidence of a link between violence and computer gamesC.there are now more incidents of violence due to computer gamesD.simulated violence in computer games is different from real violence问题4选项A.the commercial world is contributing to the increased violence in real lifeB.computer and online games are not the only cause of increased violence in real lifeC.there is a close link between computer games and increased violence in real lifeD.other factors must be considered as possible causes of violence in real life【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C【解析】第1题:1.细节题。根据题干关键词educational and harmlessly entertaining定位到第一段。首段第三句 teaches geography, trains pilots 分别对应选项 B 和 A ；首段第五句 help young people to become more computer literate对应选项D，只有C项文中没有提到。2.细节题。文章第三段和第四段分别陈述了电子游戏和网络游戏所带来的负面影响。A、B、C项都是其表现，D项是前面选项的总结，即使青少年养成不良习惯。3.逻辑推理。文章通篇都在讲电子游戏和网络游戏对青少年以及社会的负面影响。4.细节题。根据题干关键词 “television advertising”定位至最后一段。举例是为了论证people are influenced by what they see（人们会受到所见内容的影响），也就是说，游戏会影响到人们的行为，暴力游戏可能让人有暴力倾向，因此C选项正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:8. 单选题Sea rise as a consequence of global warming would immediately threaten that large fraction of the globe living at the sea level. Nearly one-third of all human beings live within 36 miles of a coastline. Most of the worlds great seaport cities would be （1 ）: New Orleans, Amsterdam, Shanghai, and Cairo. Some countries Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, islands in the Pacific would be inundated. Heavily populated coastal areas such as in Bangladesh and Egypt,（2）large populations occupy low-lying areas, would suffer extreme （3） .Warmer oceans would spawn stronger hurricanes and typhoons, （4）in coastal flooding, possibly swamping valuable agricultural lands around the world. （5） water quality may result as（6） flooding which forces salt water into coastal irrigation and drinking water supplies, and irreplaceable, natural （7）could be flooded with ocean water, destroying forever many of the （8） plant and animal species living there.Food supplies and forests would be （9）affected. Changes in rainfall patterns would disrupt agriculture. Warmer temperatures would （10） grain-growing regions pole-wards. The warming would also increase and change the pest plants, such as weeds and the insects （11） the crops.Human health would also be affected. Warming could （12 ） tropical climate bringing with it yellow fever, malaria, and other diseases. Heat stress and heat mortality could rise. The harmful （13 ）of localized urban air pollution would very likely be more serious in warmer（14）. There will be some （15）from warming. New sea-lanes will open in the Arctic, longer growing seasons further north will （16 ）new agricultural lands, and warmer temperature will make some of todays colder regions more （17）. But these benefits will be in individual areas. The natural systems 一 both plant and animal will be less able than man to cope and （18 ）. Any change of temperature, rainfall, and sea level of the magnitude now （19 ）will be destructive to natural systems and living things and hence to man as well.The list of possible consequences of global warming suggests very clearly that we must do everything we can now to understand its causes and effects and to take all measures possible to prevent and adapt to potential and inevitable disruptions（20） by global warming.问题1选项A.ascendedB.assaultedC.erasedD.endangered问题2选项A.whichB.whereC.whenD.what问题3选项A.dislocationB.discontentC.distributionD.distinction问题4选项A.rebukingB.ramblingC.resultingD.rallying问题5选项A.IncreasedB.ReducedC.ExpandedD.Saddened问题6选项A.inlandB.coastalC.urbanD.suburban问题7选项A.dry-landB.mountainC.wetlandsD.forest问题8选项A.uniqueB.preciousC.interestingD.exciting问题9选项A.geologicallyB.adverselyC.secretivelyD.serially问题10选项A.shiftB.generateC.greaseD.fuse问题11选项A.hikingB.huggingC.attackingD.activating问题12选项A.endangerB.accommodateC.adhereD.enlarge问题13选项A.profitsB.valuesC.effectsD.interests问题14选项A.conditionsB.accommodationC.surroundingsD.evolution问题15选项A.adjustmentsB.benefitsC.adoptionsD.profits问题16选项A.alternateB.abuseC.advocateD.create问题17选项A.accidentalB.habitableC.anniversaryD.ambient问题18选项A.adaptB.alleviateC.agitateD.assert问题19选项A.ascertainedB.conformedC.consoledD.anticipated问题20选项A.tutoredB.relayedC.triggeredD.reflected【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B第6题:B第7题:C第8题:A第9题:B第10题:A第11题:C第12题:D第13题:C第14题:A第15题:B第16题:D第17题:B第18题:A第19题:D第20题:C【解析】（1）动词辨析和上下文语义。句意: 海平面上升 沿海城市。ascended 攀登，上升；assaulted 攻击，袭击；erased 抹去，擦掉；endangered 危及。选项D符合句意和上下文逻辑。（2）状语从句。地名Bangladesh and Egypt后用地点引导词where。（3）名词辨析和上下文语义。原句为，Heavily populated coastal areas would suffer extreme（人口稠密的沿海地区将遭受 ）。dislocation 混乱，断层；discontent 不满；distribution 分配；distinction 区别，差别。选项A符合句意。（4）固定搭配。故答案为C。rebuke “指责，谴责”；ramble “漫步，漫游”；rally “重整旗鼓，使恢复健康”。result in后面接coastal flooding，意为“引起，导致海岸洪灾”。（5）上下文语义。Increased 增加的，上升的； reduced 减少的，简化的；expanded 膨胀的，扩大的；saddened 悲哀的，忧愁的。根据上下文可知水质量是下降的。（6）上下文语义。全文都围绕海平面上升和沿海洪水展开论述，coastal 沿海的, 海岸的。（7）名词辨析。dry-land 旱地；mountain 山脉；wetlands 湿地；forest 森林。根据原文，在沿海地区的自然地带，有可能被洪水，选项C符合逻辑。（8）形容词辨析和上下文语义。unique 独特的；precious 值得珍视的；interesting 有趣的；exciting 令人兴奋的。句意：摧毁那儿 的动植物物种。unique 强调数量稀有而独特，precious强调价值宝贵。选项A更符合。（9）副词辨析。geologically 地质学地，地质地；adversely 不利地；secretively 隐秘地，隐匿地；serially 连续地。句意应为：粮食供应和森林受到不利的影响。（10）动词辨析和上下文语义。shift 移动，移位；generate 产生，发生；grease 涂脂，贿赂；fuse熔化。句意：温度升高会使谷物生长区向两极 。选项A符合句意。（11）动词辨析。hiking 远足，步行；hugging 拥抱；attacking 侵袭。activating 刺激，使活动。选项C符合句意。weeds and the insects attacking the crops表示杂草和昆虫攻击庄稼。（12）动词辨析。endanger 危及；accommodate 供应，供给；adhere 黏附，胶着；enlarge 扩大，扩展。句意：气候变暖可能 热带气候，导致黄热病、疟疾和其他疾病。enlarge 放在此处符合句意。（13）上下文语义。句意：局部化的城市空气污染的有害 更加严重。harmful后面接effects,表示有害影响。（14）名词辨析。选项中，conditions 条件；accommodation 住处，膳宿；surroundings 环境；evolution 进展；进化。句意：在更加温暖的 下会更加严重。conditions 符合句意。（15）名词辨析和固定搭配。adjustments 调整；benefits 益处；adoptions 收养；profits利润，收益。Benefits符合句意，在此与from warming表示变暖的好处。（16）动词辨析和上下文语义。alternate 交替，轮流；abuse 滥用；advocate 提倡；create创造，产生。此处还是说海平面上升带来的有利方面，create 符合上下文语义。（17）形容词辨析。accidental 意外的，非主要的；habitable 可居住的；anniversary 周年纪念为名词，排除；ambient 周围的。句意：气候变暖使现在更冷的地方更加适宜 。habitable 符合句意。（18）动词辨析。adapt 使适应；alleviate 使易于忍受，减轻；agitate 搅动，煽动；assert 断言，声称。空前有一个并列连接词and，此处应填一个cope的并列词。选项中，adapt （使适应）符合逻辑。（19）上下文语义。ascertained 确定的，探知的；conformed 一致的，顺从的；consoled 安慰的，慰藉的；anticipated 预见的，预期的。句中有一个will，因此选项要体现将来的含义。Anticipated符合逻辑。（20）动词辨析。tutored 辅导，辅助；relayed 使接替，传播；triggered 触发；reflected 反射，反映。此处应填triggered 表示由全球变暖引发的不良影响。9. 写作题You are asked to write in no less than 200 words about the title of Harmful Plagiarism in Academic Field in China. You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below.Remember to write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.目前在学术界出现了剽窃和抄袭等不良现象。作为一名未来的博士研究生，你如何看待这些现象，你认为应该如何制止，以及你应该如何从自身做起。【答案】Harmful Plagiarism in Academic Field in China10. 单选题The industry has pumped（ ）amounts of money into political campaigns，making it less and less likely that politicians will deal with the issue sensibly.问题1选项A.potentialB.substantialC.massiveD.traditional【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析。potential 潜在的，有潜力的；substantial 大量的；客观的；massive 大而重的，大块的；traditional 传统的。此处substantial形容amounts of money （很大一笔钱）。11. 单选题They have（ ）her unreasonable request for her annual salary.问题1选项A.destinedB.chordedC.repelledD.commenced【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。destined 指定，命定，注定；chorded 弦，合音，和弦；repelled 击退，抵制；commenced 开始。句意: 他们 了她提出的不合理的年薪要求。C项在此处比较合适, 意思是 “回绝了”。12. 写作题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 50 minutes to write a composition of no less than 300 words under the title of “Advantages and Disadvantages of Doing Research Online.” Your composition should be based on the following outline:1) Present situation about doing research online;2) Advantages for online research;3) Disadvantages for online research.【答案】Advantages and Disadvantages of Doing Research Online13. 单选题Sometimes, over a span of many years, a business will continue to grow, generating ever- increasing amounts of cash, repurchasing stock, paying increased dividends, reducing debt, opening new stores, expanding production facilities, moving into new markets, etc. , while at the same time its stock price remains stagnant (or even falls).When this happens, the average and professional investor alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar with the trading range.Take, for example, Wal-Mart. Over the past five years, the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over 80% , profits by over 100% , and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during that timeframe. Clearly, the valuation picture has changed. An investor that read the annual report back in 2000 or 2001 might have passed on the security, deeming it too expensive based on a metric such as the price to earnings ratio. Today, however, the equation is completely different despite the stock price, Wal-Mart is, in essence, trading at half its former price because each share is backed by a larger dividend, twice the earnings power, more stores, and a bigger infrastructure. Home Depot is in much the same boat, largely because some Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the worlds largest companies can continue to grow before their sheer size slows them down to the rate of the general economy.Coca-Cola is another excellent example of this phenomenon. Ten years ago, in 1996, the stock traded between a range of $36. 10 and $54. 30 per share. At the time, it had reported earnings per share of $1. 40 and paid a cash dividend of $0. 50 per share. Corporate per share book value was $2. 48. Last year, the stock traded within a range of $40. 30 and $45. 30 per share； squarely in the middle of the same area it had been nearly a decade prior! Yet, despite the stagnate stock price, the 2006 estimates Value Line Investment Survey estimates for earnings per share stand around $2.16 (a rise of 54% ), the cash dividend has more than doubled to $1. 20, book value is expected to have grown to $7. 40 per share (a gain of nearly 300% ), and the total number of shares outstanding (未 偿付的；未完成的)has actually decreased from 2. 481 billion to an estimated 2. 355 billion due to the companys share repurchase program.1.This passage is probably a part of （ ） .2.Theitalicizedwordstagnant，(line3，Para.1)canbebestparaphrasedas（ ） .3.Wal-Martisnowtradingatamuchlowerpricebecause4.All the following are shared by Wal-Mart and Coco-Cola EXCEPT（ ）.5.According to the author, one had better（ ）.问题1选项A.Find Hidden Value in the MarketB.Become RicherC.Get Good BargainsD.Identify Good companies问题2选项A.prominentB.terribleC.unchangedD.progressing问题3选项A.ithasstoredalargequantityofgoodsB.ithasbecomefinanciallymorepowerfulC.ithasbeeneagertocollectmoneytopreventbankruptcyD.itisagoodwaytocompetewithotherretailingcompanies问题4选项A.the cash dividend has increasedB.the earning power has become strongerC.both business have continued to growD.the stock price has greatly decreased问题5选项A.buy more shares when the stock price falls downB.sell out the shares when the stock price falls downC.do some research on the value of a business when its stock price falls downD.invest in the business when its stock price falls down【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.主旨题。文章通篇用Wal-Mart, Home Depot和Coca-Cola的实例引导我们发现市场的潜在价值，4个选项只有A最符合文章大意。2.语义题。文章首段表明a business will continue to grow(商业在持续发展)，后面一个while表转折，stagnant 后面为or even falls（甚至下降），由此推测stagnant 意为 “停滞不前”。3.细节归纳题。Wal-Mart的实例在文章第三段被论述, 题干说trading at a much lower price(以低很多的价格交易),对应第三段中的trading at half its former price(以之前的半价交易)because each share.bigger infrastructure原文because后表明原因,总结起来就是ithasbecomefinanciallymorepowerful(经济上更强大)。4.细节判断题。对于Wal-Mart, the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during that timeframe(股价下降30%)，对于Coca-Cola, in 1996, the stock traded between a range of $ 36. 10 and $ 54. 30 per share(在1996年股价是$ 36. 10 和 $ 54. 30 每股)，对比现在Last year, the stock traded within a range of $ 40. 30 and $ 45. 30 per share(去年，股价为$40. 30和$ 45)，没有巨大的跌幅。5.细节判断题。原文提到Wal-Mart和Coca-Cola企业股价下跌但分红增长，所以股价下跌时，应评估企业的经济状况。14. 单选题They want to stimulate economic growth in the region by offering （ ） to foreign investors.问题1选项A.incentivesB.abundancesC.warriorsD.outnumbers【答案】A【解析】名词辨析。incentives 刺激，鼓励;abundances 大量，充足；warriors 武士，勇士； outnumbers 数量多于，比. 多。句意: 他们希望通过鼓励外国投资者来 该地区的经济增长。 故A项符合句意。15. 单选题The House is expected to pass a piece of legislation Thursday that seeks to significantly rebalance the playing field for unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of declining membership among private industries.The Employee Free Choice Act would allow a union to be recognized after collecting a majority of vote cards, instead of waiting for the National Labor Relations Board to oversee a secret ballot election, which can occur more than 50 days after the card vote is completed.Representatives of business on Capitol Hill oppose the bill. The National Association of Manufacturers, The National Federation of Independent Business, the U. S. Chamber of Commerce and other business groups oppose the shift away from secret ballots saying the change could threaten the privacy of the workers. “This isnt about preventing increased unionization its about protecting rights, said the National Association of Manufacturers Jason Straczewski, of his organizations opposition to bill. Straczewski says eliminating the secret-ballot step would open up employees to coercion （强迫， 胁迫）from unions.Samuel of the AFL-CIO contends the real coercion comes from employers. “Workers talking to workers are equals while managers talking to workers arent,” Samuel said. He cites the 31, 358 cases of illegal employer discrimination acted on by the National Labor Relations Board in 2005.Samuel also points out that counter to claims from the business lobby, the secret ballot would not be eliminated. The change would only take the control of the timing of the election out of the hands of the employers. “ On the ground, the difference between having this legislation and not woul