2022-2023年考博英语-桂林理工大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第47期

2022-2023年考博英语-桂林理工大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 翻译题Directions: For this part, you are to translate a passage from Chinese into English.中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。为了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界发达国家，中国近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金。中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究，这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学，从新能源到机器人等各类高科技领域。他们还与各地的科技园合作，使创新成果商业化。与此同时，无论在产品还是商业模式上，中国企业家也在努力争做创新的先锋，以适应国内外消费市场不断变化和增长的需求。【答案】Innovation in China is booming at an unprecedented rate. In order to catch up with the developed countries in science and technology as soon as possible, China has greatly increased its research and development fund in recent years. They are also working with science and technology parks around the country to commercialize their innovations. At the same time, whether in products or business models, Chinese entrepreneurs are striving to be pioneers in innovation to adapt to the ever-changing and growing needs of domestic and foreign consumer markets.2. 单选题International governments, inaction concerning sustainable development is clearly worrying but the proactive (主动出击的)approaches of some leading-edge companies are encouraging. Toyota, Wal-Mart, DuPont, M&S and General Electric have made tackling environmental wastes a key economic driver.DuPont committed itself to a 65% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in the 10 years prior to 2010. By 2007, DuPont was saving $2.2 billion a year through energy efficiency, the same as its total declared profits that year. General Electric aims to reduce the energy intensity of its operations by 50% by 2015. They have invested heavily in projects designed to change the way of using and conserving energy.Companies like Toyota and Wal-Mart are not committing to environmental goals out of the goodness of their hearts. The reason for their actions is a simple yet powerful realization that the environmental and economic footprints fit well together. When M&S launched its “Plan A” sustainability programmer in 2007, it was believed that it would cost over 200 million in the first five years. However, the initiative had generated 105 million by 2011/12.When we prevent physical waste, increase energy efficiency or improve resource productivity, we save money, improve profitability and enhance competitiveness. In fact, there are often huge “quick win” opportunities, thanks to years of neglect.However, there is a considerable gap between leading-edge companies and the rest of the pack. There are far too many companies still delaying creating a lean and green business system, arguing that it will cost money or require sizable capital investments. They remain stuck in the “environment is cost” mentality. Being environmentally friendly does not have to cost money. In fact, going beyond compliance saves cost at the same time that it generates cash, provided that management adopts the new lean and green model.Lean means doing more with less. Nonetheless, in most companies, economic and environmental continuous improvement is viewed as being in conflict with each other. This is one of the biggest opportunities missed across most industries. The size of the opportunity is enormous. The 3% Report recently published by World Wildlife Fund and CDP shows that the economic prize for curbing carbon emissions in the US economy is $780 billion between now and 2020. It suggests that one of the biggest levers for delivering this opportunity is “increased efficiency through management and behavioral change” in other words, lean and green management.Some 50 studies show that companies that commit to such aspirational goals as zero waste, zero harmful emissions, and zero use of non-renewable resources are financially outperforming their competitors. Conversely, it was found that climate disruption is already costing $1.2 trillion annually, cutting global GDP by 1.6%. Unaddressed, this will double by 2030.11. What does the author say about some leading-edge companies?12. What motivates Toyota and Wal-Mart to make commitments to environmental protection?13. Why are so many companies reluctant to create an environment-friendly business system?14. What is said about the lean and green model of business?15. What is the finding of the studies about companies committed to environmental goals?问题1选项A.They operate in accordance with government policies.B.They take initiatives in handling environmental wastes.C.They are key drivers in their nations economic growth.D.They are major contributors to environmental problems.问题2选项A.The goodness of their hearts.B.A strong sense of responsibility.C.The desire to generate profits.D.Pressure from environmentalists.问题3选项A.They are bent on making quick money.B.They do not have the capital for the investment.C.They believe building such a system is too costly.D.They lack the incentive to change business practices.问题4选项A.It helps businesses to save and gain at the same time.B.It is affordable only for a few leading-edge companies.C.It is likely to start a new round of intense competition.D.It will take a long time for all companies to embrace it.问题5选项A.They have greatly enhanced their sense of social responsibility.B.They do much better than their counterparts in terms of revenues.C.They have abandoned all the outdated equipment and technology.D.They make greater contributions to human progress than their rivals.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】11.事实细节题，第一步，精准定位，定位到第一段最后一句Toyota, Wal-Mart, DuPont, M&S and General Electric have made tackling environmental wastes a key economic driver.（丰田（Toyota）、沃尔玛（Wal-Mart）、杜邦（DuPont）、玛莎百货（M&S）和通用电气（General Electric）都把处理环境垃圾作为一项关键的经济驱动力。），由此可知B选项“他们在处理环境废物方面采取行动”正确。A选项“他们按照政府政策运作”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；C选项“他们是国家经济增长的主要驱动力”，见正确选项，是把垃圾处理作为经济发展的推动因素，不是这些公司是该国经济发展的关键推动力，所以C选项错误，这里属于曲意理解；D选项“他们是环境问题的主要贡献者”，定位到第二段第二句By 2007, DuPont was saving $2.2 billion a year through energy efficiency, the same as its total declared profits that year.（到2007年，杜邦每年通过提高能源效率节省了22亿美元，与当年公布的利润总额相同），从这里可知这些公司对经济的贡献是对其自身来说的不是对其国家来说，这里属于张冠李戴，所以不选。12.事实细节题，第一步，精准定位，定位到第三段第一二句Companies like Toyota and Wal-Mart are not committing to environmental goals out of the goodness of their hearts. The reason for their actions is a simple yet powerful realization that the environmental and economic footprints fit well together.（丰田（Toyota）和沃尔玛（Wal-Mart）等公司并非出于好心而致力于环保目标。他们这样做的原因很简单，但也很有力地认识到，环境足迹和经济足迹是相辅相成的），由此可知C选项“对利益的渴望”正确。A选项“他们出于好心”，见正确选项解析，由这里可以看出A选项错误，属于无中生有；B选项“强烈的责任感”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“来自环保主义者的压力”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有。13.推理判断题，第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到第五段第三句They remain stuck in the “environment is cost” mentality.（他们仍然停留在“环境就是成本”的心态中），从这里可以推断C选项正确“他们认为建立这样一个系统太昂贵了”。A选项“他们一心想赚快钱”，定位到第四段最后一句In fact, there are often huge “quick win” opportunities, thanks to years of neglect.这里的quick win是指多年来很多公司对环境有疏忽，就导致那些先采用环保计划的公司更能够快速的获得意想不到的收获，这里不是公司不愿意采取行动的原因，属于出处错误，不选；B选项“他们没有投资的资本”，定位到第六段第一二句话Lean means doing more with less. Nonetheless, in most companies, economic and environmental continuous improvement is viewed as being in conflict with each other. This is one of the biggest opportunities missed across most industries.（精益意味着用更少的钱做更多的事。然而，在大多数公司中，经济和环境的持续改善被认为是相互冲突的。这是大多数行业错失的最大机遇之一。），从这里关键词，most industries可知其实很多公司是承担得起的，只是觉得会减少自己的利益，所以不愿意去做，所以B选项错误，这里属于反向干扰；D选项“他们缺乏改变商业惯例的动机”，文章没有提及，这里属于无中生有，所以不选。14.事实细节题，第一步，精准定位，定位到第五段最后一句话In fact, going beyond compliance saves cost at the same time that it generates cash, provided that management adopts the new lean and green model.（事实上，如果管理层采用新的精益和绿色模式，超越合规可以在节约成本的同时产生现金），从这里可知答案选A选项“它帮助企业省钱，同时获利”。B选项“只有少数领先的公司才负担得起”，定位到第六段第一二句话Lean means doing more with less. Nonetheless, in most companies, economic and environmental continuous improvement is viewed as being in conflict with each other. This is one of the biggest opportunities missed across most industries.（精益意味着用更少的钱做更多的事。然而，在大多数公司中，经济和环境的持续改善被认为是相互冲突的。这是大多数行业错失的最大机遇之一。），从这里关键词，most industries可知其实很多公司是承担得起的，只是觉得会减少自己的利益，所以不愿意去做，所以B选项错误，这里属于反向干扰；C选项“这可能会引发新一轮激烈的竞争”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“所有公司都需要很长时间才能接受它”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。15.事实细节题，第一步，精准定位，定位到第七段第一句话Some 50 studies show that companies that commit to such aspirational goals as zero waste, zero harmful emissions, and zero use of non-renewable resources are financially outperforming their competitors（大约50项研究表明，那些致力于实现零浪费、零有害排放、零使用不可再生资源等雄心勃勃的目标的公司，在财务上胜过竞争对手），B选项“在收入方面，他们比同行做得更好”是该句的同义替换，所以答案选B。A选项“他们的社会责任感大大增强了”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；C选项“他们已经放弃了所有过时的设备和技术”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“他们比他们的对手对人类进步做出更大的贡献”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。3. 单选题The French word renaissance means rebirth. It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians, all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 1450-1600. The concept of rebirth was appropriate to this period of European history because of the renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture that began in Italy and then spread throughout Europe. Scholars and artists of this period wanted to restore the learning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human. Fulfillment in life became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on. Artists and writers now turned to religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.These changes in outlook deeply affected the musical culture of the Renaissance period how people thought about music as well as the way music was composed and experienced. They could see the architectural monuments, sculptures, plays, and poems that were being rediscovered, but they could not actually hear ancient music although they could read the writings of classical philosophers, poets, essayists, and music theorists that were becoming available in translation. They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example, the influential religious leader Bernardino Cirillo expressed disappointment with the learned music of his time. He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors, painters, architects, and scholars who had rediscovered ancient art and literature.The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques. Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half-though at different rates in different countries that we cannot define a single Renaissance style.21. What does the author mean by using the underlined word “eventually” in Para. 1?22. The underlined phrase “frowned on” in Para. 1 is closest in meaning to_.23. It can be inferred from the passage that thinkers of the Renaissance were seeking a rebirth of_.24. According to the passage, why was Bernardino Cirillo disappointed with the music of his time?25. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a reason for the absence of a single Renaissance musical style?问题1选项A.That music historians used the term “Renaissance” after the other historians did.B.That most music historians used the term “Renaissance”.C.The term “Renaissance” became widely used by art historians but not by music historians.D.That music historians used the term “Renaissance” very differently than it had been used by Jules Michelet.问题2选项A.given upB.forgotten aboutC.argued aboutD.disapproved of问题3选项A.communication among artists across EuropeB.spirituality in everyday lifeC.a cultural emphasis on human valuesD.religious themes in art that would accompany the traditional secular themes问题4选项A.It was not complex enough to appeal to musicians.B.It had little emotional impact on audiences.C.It was too dependent on the art and literature of his time.D.It did not contain enough religious themes.问题5选项A.The musical Renaissance was defined by technique rather than style.B.The musical Renaissance was too short to give rise to a new musical style.C.Renaissance musicians adopted the styles of both Greek and Roman musicians.D.During the Renaissance, music never remained the same for very long.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】21.推理判断题。题干定位到文章的第二句话It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians,“1855年，历史学家朱尔斯米歇莱在他的法国历史中首次使用了这个词，随后被文化史学家、艺术史学家甚至音乐史学家采用”从句子里面的表示时间逻辑的词first、then我们可以推测eventually是表示时间顺序，所以答案选A选项“音乐历史学家在其他历史学家之后使用了文艺复兴这个词”。B选项“大多数音乐历史学家使用文艺复兴这个词”，文章没有提及有多少音乐历史学家在使用这个单词，属于无中生有。C选项“文艺复兴一词被艺术史学家广泛使用，而不是音乐史学家”，文章没有提及文艺复兴这个词语没有流行于音乐历史学家，属于无中生有。D选项“音乐历史学家使用的文艺复兴一词与朱尔斯米歇莱使用的非常不同”，文章没有提及“文艺复兴”这个词的词义变迁，属于无中生有。22.词义推断题，第一步，句中前后信息衔接，定位到文章第一段倒数第二三句 To these scholars this meant a return to human. Fulfillment in life became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on.“在生活中的满足成为一个理想的目标，并且表达整个人类的情感和享受感官的乐趣不再（）”，从这里可知，文意复兴就是回到以人为中心的理念上来，这句中and连接两个并列的句子，这两个句子都是用来说明文艺复兴时期出现的变化。第二步，上下文语义衔接，从第一段倒数第一句话Artists and writers now turned to religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.“艺术家和作家现在转向宗教题材，试图使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人”，从这里可以文意复兴时期艺术家从宗教回归到人本身，他们不但不排斥人的情绪反而推崇情绪并想尽办法让他们的作品更加动人，综上可知frowned on的意思是D选项“反对”，句意是“他们不再反对人类的情绪以及感官上的享受”。A选项“放弃”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。B选项“忘记了”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。C选项“争论”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。23.词义推断题。定位到文章倒数第三四句话Scholars and artists of this period wanted to restore the learning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human.“这一时期的学者和艺术家想要恢复希腊和罗马古典文明的学问和理想。对这些学者来说，这意味着回归人类。”从这里可知那些学者的想法是让古希腊罗马的价值观重生也就是回到以人为本的观念中来，这里与人有关的选项只有C选项“强调人类价值的文化”。A选项“欧洲艺术家之间的交流”，与题无关，欧洲的交流在文艺复兴前期就出现了否则文意复兴的思想不会传播的那么快。B选项“日常生活中的灵性”，定位到第一段倒数第二句话Fulfillment in life became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on.“在生活中的满足成为一个理想的目标，并且表达整个人类的情感和享受感官的乐趣不再被反对”，从这里可知重生不是指的人的精神而是指的人感官上的享受，这里属于张冠李戴。D选项“与传统世俗主题相伴的艺术中的宗教主题”，定位到第一段倒数第一句话Artists and writers now turned to religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.“艺术家和作家现在转向宗教题材，试图使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人”，由此可知D选项错误，不是宗教事务伴随着传统的世俗事务，而是从宗教事务转向传统世俗事务，这里属于偷换概念。24.词义推断题。定位到第二段倒数第二三句They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example, the influential religious leader Bernardino Cirillo“他们了解了古代音乐打动听者的力量，并想知道为什么现代音乐没有同样的效果。例如，有影响力的宗教领袖贝纳迪诺西里洛”，从这里可知引出西里洛不满的目的只是为了举例，说明古代音乐打动听者但是现在音乐就没有这种效果了，西里洛非常不满，希望音乐也能像雕塑、戏剧一样对古代文化进行重新发掘，所以B选项“它对观众的情感影响很小”正确。A选项“它不够复杂，不足以吸引音乐家”，见正确选项，从这里可知不满是因为现在音乐打动不了听者而不是音乐家，所以A选项错误，这里属于张冠李戴。C选项“它太依赖于他那个时代的艺术和文学”，文章没有提及。D选项“它没有包含足够的宗教主题”，定位到第一段倒数第一句话Artists and writers now turned to religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.“艺术家和作家现在转向宗教题材，试图使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人”，从中可知文艺复兴时期的艺术家都是从宗教事务转向世俗事务，所以作为一个文艺复兴时期的艺术家不会因为宗教成分过少而感到不满所以D选项错误。25.事实细节题。定位到文章最后一段第二句话Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half-though at different rates in different countries that we cannot define a single Renaissance style.“此外，音乐在这一个半世纪中变化如此之快尽管在不同的国家变化速度不同，以至于我们无法定义一种单一的文艺复兴风格”，从这里可知答案选D选项“在文艺复兴时期，音乐从不是一成不变的”。B选项“音乐文艺复兴的时间太短，不足以产生一种新的音乐风格”，见正确选项解析，不是文艺复兴时间段太短了导致没有音乐风格而是文艺复兴时期出现的音乐风格太多导致无法给他们下一个明确的定义，这里属于偷换概念。A选项“音乐文艺复兴的定义是技术而不是风格”定位到最后一段第一句话The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques.“欧洲的音乐文艺复兴与其说是一套特定的音乐技巧，不如说是一种普遍的文化运动和心理状态”，这里虽然表述正确，但是与题无关所以不选，属于出处错误。C选项“文艺复兴时期的音乐家采用了希腊和罗马音乐家的风格”虽然文章有提及整个文艺复兴是对古希腊罗马文化的借鉴重生，但是不是为什么音乐界的文艺复兴风格缺失的原因与题无关所以不选，属于出处错误。4. 单选题Across the board, American colleges and universities are not doing a very good job of preparing their students for the workplace or their post-graduation lives. This was made clear by the work of two sociologists, Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa. In 2011, they released a landmark study titled “Academically Adrift,” which documented the lack of intellectual growth experienced by many people enrolled in college. In particular, Arum and Roksa found, college students were not developing the critical thinking, analytic reasoning and other higher-level skills that are necessary to thrive in todays knowledge-based economy and to lead our nation in a time of complex challenges and dynamic change.Arum and Roksa placed the blame for students lack of learning on a watered-down college curriculum and lowered undergraduate work standards. Although going to college is supposed to be a full-time job, students spent, on average, only 12 to 14 hours a week studying and many were skating through their semesters without doing a significant amount of reading and writing. Students who take more challenging classes and spend more time studying do learn more. But the priorities of many undergraduates are with extracurricular activities, playing sports, and partying and socializing.Laura Hamilton, the author of a study on parents who pay for college, will argue in a forthcoming book that college administrations are overly concerned with the social and athletic activities of their students. In Paying for the Party, Hamilton describes what she calls the “party pathway,” which eases many students through college, helped along by various clubs that send students into the party scene and a host of easier majors. By sanctioning this watered-down version of college, universities are “catering to the social and educational needs of wealthy students at the expense of others” who wont enjoy the financial backing or social connections of richer students once they graduate.These students need to build skills and knowledge during college if they are to use their degrees as a stepping-stone to middle-class mobility. But more privileged students must not waste this opportunity either. As recent graduates can testify, the job market isnt kind to candidates who cant demonstrate genuine competence, along with a well-cultivated willingness to work hard. Nor is the global economy forgiving of an American workforce with increasingly weak literacy, math and science abilities. College graduates will still far better than those with only a high school education, of course. But a university degree unaccompanied by a gain in knowledge or skills is an empty achievement indeed. For students who have been coasting through college, and for American universities that have been demanding less work, offering more attractions and charging higher tuition, the party may soon be over.11. What is Arum and Roksas finding about higher education in America?12. What is responsible for the students lack of higher-level skills?13. What does Laura Hamilton say about college administrations?14. What can be learned about the socially and financially privileged students?15. What does the author suggest in the last paragraph?问题1选项A.It aims at stimulating the intellectual curiosity of college students.B.It fails to prepare students to face the challenges of modern times.C.It has experienced dramatic changes in recent years.D.It has tried hard to satisfy students various needs.问题2选项A.The diluted college curriculum.B.The boring classroom activities.C.The absence of rigorous discipline.D.The outdated educational approach.问题3选项A.They fail to give adequate help to the needy students.B.They tend to offer too many less challenging courses.C.They seem to be out of touch with society.D.They prioritize non-academic activities.问题4选项A.They tend to have a sense of s