2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解4

2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题A scientist does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available. Instead, he always checks, studies and makes experiments carefully and objectively to_them.问题1选项A.testifyB.verifyC.affirmD.assert【答案】B【解析】词义辨析 动词。A选项testify v.证明，作证，证实；B选项verify v.核实，查证；C选项affirm v.肯定，断言；D选项assert v.维护，坚持，断言。根据句意逻辑，B项正确。【试题答案】一个科学家不会接受不是基于完整论据论证的结论，事实上，他通常会检查、钻研、仔细客观地做实验，从而证实这些假设。2. 单选题Professor Kline concludes that competition with research in the universities is so detrimental to teaching that he recommends that the two functions be physically and financially separated by setting up research institutes. I suggested that the development of a sound program of educational research would be much more beneficial to teaching. Such a program would not only improve teaching theory and technique, it would make clear what competencies are required of a good teacher and help professors attain them. Educational research should be required to meet the same standards as scientific research, but it cannot be raised to those standards without comparable support and commitment. Competent educational research is no more a part-time activity than competent scientific research. The relatively trivial educational research so common in the universities is an inevitable consequence of trivial commitment by the universities. Rather than belittle such research, the professors have an obligation to see that it is upgraded. Let no one think that educational research is easy: it is concerned with no less than unraveling the complexities of the human mind. There is no reason to believe that an effective theory and technology of instruction is any easier to achieve than controlled nuclear fusion. It is certainly every bit as worthy.1. Professor Kline believes that competition with research in the universities（）.2. The author wants to improve（）.3. The author believes that scientific research（）.4. According to the author educational research（）.5. Educational research in most universities today （）.问题1选项A.leads to the establishment of separate research institutesB.is harmful to teachingC.functions well in the universitiesD.is financially unsound问题2选项A.research institutesB.development programsC.educational researchD.part-time activity问题3选项A.is not necessarily easier than educational researchB.has standards that educational research cannot attainC.with educational researchD.must be relegated to a part-time activity问题4选项A.is relatively easyB.is quite complexC.is often trivialD.should have lower standards问题5选项A.receives adequate supportB.is no longer a part-tome activityC.is easy to achieveD.needs more commitment【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由原文第一段Professor Kline concludes that competition with research in the universities is so detrimentaltoteaching that the two functions be physically and financially separated by setting up research institutes.，可知，Professor Kline认为研究成果的竞争会对教育产生负面的影响，从而降低教学质量，即对教学有不利影响。因此，B项为正确答案。2.细节事实题。由原文 the development of a sound program of educational research would be much more beneficial to teaching.以及Educational research should be required to meet the same standards as scientific research可知，作者认为必须提高educational research的地位，要把educational research和scientific research放在同等重要的位置共谋发展。 A选项research institutes一直就是学校比较重视的方面；B选项并未在文中单独说明； D选项也不是侧重点。因此，C项符合原文，为正确答案。3.观点态度题。由原文Educational research should be required to meet the same standards as scientific research, but it cannot be raised to those standards without comparable support and commitment.可知，作者认为教育研究应该与科学研究有一样的标准，但是如果没有同等的投入和支持，无法实现这些标准。因此，B项认为“科学研究的有些标准，教育研究无法实现”是正确答案。故本题选择B项。4.细节事实题。根据原文Let no one think that educational research is easy: it is concerned with no less than unraveling the complexities of the human mind.可知，作者认为教育研究并不简单，难度不亚于解开人类思维的复杂性。故本题正确答案为B项。5.细节事实题。通过原文The relatively trivial educational research so common in the universities is an inevitable consequence of trivial commitment by the universities. Rather than belittle such research, the professors have an obligation to see that it is upgraded.可知，如今在大学中，教育研究需要更多的承诺，教授们有责任促进教学科研水平的提高，而不是减少这类研究。因此，D项是正确答案。3. 单选题You may either sow wheat in rows or broadcast it, （）way you do it; it is a good thing to break up the soil after seeding.问题1选项A.whateverB.wheneverC.howeverD.whichever【答案】D【解析】考查状语从句。句意：你可以成排的播种或散播小麦。但无论是哪种方式，播种后最好都要松松土。A选项为“无论什么”；B选项为“无论何时”，而从句主语为way，故可排除A和B。C项表示“无论如何”，是副词。D选项whichever可以单独使用或加一个名词。因此，D项正确。4. 单选题Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment_ .问题1选项A.which they are happeningB.they are happeningC.which they happenD.they have happened【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。A选项和C选项中which 均指代不清；B选项和C选项都为省略关系副词when的定语从句。B选项为现在进行时，表示事情正在发生， D选项they have happened完成时态用法错误。因此，本题正确答案为 B。5. 单选题He became aware that he had lost his audience since he had not been able to talk coherently.问题1选项A.honestlyB.appropriatelyC.intelligiblyD.flexibly【答案】C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项honestly adv.真诚地，公正地；B选项appropriately adv.适当地，恰当地；C选项 intelligibly adv.易理解地，清楚明白地；D选项flexibly adv.灵活地，柔软地。句意：他意识到自从自己说话不能保持前后一致开始，他已经失去了自己的听众。因此，C项为正确答案。6. 单选题Violence in American families takes many forms. One prevalent form that we often overlook is the physical punishment of children. Perhaps 93% of all parents beat their children in order to discipline them. Young children receive the most punishments, but studies reveal that about 50% of high school seniors report experiencing or being threatened with physical punishment. Punishment of children varies form a light tap to brutal beating, but historically we have granted parents the right to use physical force against their children. A law passed in 1696, for example. Called for the death penalty of “sufficient understanding” over the age of 16 who cursed or struck a parent who was “stubborn and rebellious” in refusing to obey a parent. From interviews with 2134 married couples constituting a cross-section of American families, sociologists estimate parents kick, punch, or bite some 1.7 million children a year, beat 460,000 to 750,000 more, and attack 46,000 with guns or knives.Physical punishment of children that results in injuries requiring medical treatment is now generally considered to be abusive. Most people do not realize, however, that it is the regular use of “ordinary” physical punishment, and the cultural approval it enjoys, that lays the groundwork for child abuse. According to David Gil, “in most accidents of child abuse the care takers involved are normal individuals exercising their right of disciplining a child whose behavior they found in need of correction.” If one adult were to strike another, most people would regard such behavior as abusive.Most parents use physical punishment in the belief that it will control the aggression in their children and make them obedient. In fact, violence whether verbal or physical sets children a poor example. An adult who yells at or slaps a child unwittingly supply the child with a model for aggression. Studies have found that the frequent use of physical punishment for aggressive acts by a child results in a marked increase in the childs aggression. Perhaps not surprisingly, abusive parents are themselves likely to have been abused when they were children. The pattern of abuse is unwittingly translated from parent to child and thus from generation to generation.1. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?2. The italicized word “it” in line of the second paragraph refers to（）.3. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?4. The number of the children being threatened by beating is（）.5. What is the authors attitude toward physical punishment by parents?问题1选项A.Punishment was once justified in American lawB.Most of the parents have used physical punishment to discipline disobedient children in America.C.High school students rarely receive punishment from their parentsD.Child abuse is rooted in American culture.问题2选项A.physical punishmentB.the cultural approvalC.the regular use of “ordinary” physical punishmentD.injuries requiring medical treatment问题3选项A.Physical punishment is helpful for parents to correct childrens indecent behaviorB.Parents who use physical punishment to discipline their children should be punished by the law.C.A child who is severely punished will revenge the abuse on his own child in later life.D.Parents who punish children physically actually set bad example of aggression for their children.问题4选项A.at least 2,143 per year.B.at most 750,000 per year.C.over 46,000 per yearD.about 17,000,000 per year问题5选项A.disagreeingB.supportingC.understandingD.severely critical【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段“.but studies reveal that about 50% of high school seniors report experiencing or being threatened with physical punishment.”可知，研究表明，大约50%的高中生声称遭受体罚或者受到体罚的威胁。因此，C项“髙中生很少遭受父母的体罚”表述错误，其它选项都可在原文中找到出处。故本题答案为C项。2.词汇题。将it定位到原文第二段Most people do not realize, however, that it is the regular use of “ordinary” physical punishment, and the cultural approval it enjoys, that lays the ground work for child abuse.中分析可知，然而大部分人没有意识到，正是因为“普通”体罚的经常使用以及它所享有的文化认可，才会为虐待孩子打下基础。根据句子结构可知，it指代的是 the regular use of “ordinary” physical punishment。因此，正确答案是C项。3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Most parents use physical punishment in the belief that it will control the aggression in their children and make them obedient. In fact, violence-whether verbal or physical sets children a poor example. An adult who yells at or slaps a child unwittingly supply the child with a model for aggression. Studies have found that the frequent use of physical punishment for aggressive acts by a child results in a marked increase in the childs aggression.”可知，大多数父母采取体罚，是认为体罚会控制孩子的攻击行为并使孩子听话，但事实上，无论是言语还是肢体暴力，都会给孩子建立不好的榜样。那些大喊大叫或者打孩子的成年人会不自觉地为孩子提供侵略性（攻击性）的模板。研究发现，经常因为孩子的攻击性行为而体罚孩子，反而会激化孩子的攻击行为。因此可判断A项错误，D项正确。原文中并未体现B项“应该受到法律惩罚”这一观点；也未说明受过虐待的父母会在晚年会报复虐待自己的孩子，他们只是会不自觉地影响到下一代的教育方式，故排除C。因此，本题正确答案为D项。4.细节事实题。由原文第段“From interviews with 2134 married couples .beat 460,000 to 750,000 more, .”可知，受到殴打威胁的孩子数量是在460,000到750,000以上。因此， B项“至多每年750,000”与原文不符，正确答案应为C项“每年超过46,000”。5.观点态度题。本文主要讲述了父母体罚孩子的普遍性。如今体罚已被视为虐待。体罚不仅给孩子树立了坏榜样，而且会加剧孩子的攻击性。在儿童时期被体罚虐待的父母在教育下一代时也很可能会虐待孩子。由此可知，整篇文章对于体罚持否定态度，排除B和C。而从文章整体来看，作者对于体罚的态度不仅是不认同更具有批判性。因此，D项“严厉地批判”更为符合作者的态度。7. 单选题There is no doubt_the company has made the right decision on the sales project.问题1选项A.whyB.thatC.whetherD.when【答案】B【解析】考查同位语从句。doubt后面的that为同位语从句的引导词，修饰doubt。doubt引导的主从复合句中，用否定式时后面的引导词只能是that。相反如果doubt引导肯定意义的主从复合句中，引导词要用whether。句意：毫无疑问，公司对销售项目的决定是正确的。8. 单选题His assertion angered me.问题1选项A.statementB.questionC.successD.mistake【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。题目中assertion表示“主张；声称”；A选项statement n.声明；陈述；B选项problem n.问题；C选项success n.成功；D选项mistake n.错误。由句意可知，他的表述惹怒了我。因此，正确答案是A项。9. 单选题The two most important _in making a cake are flour and sugar.问题1选项A.elementsB.componentsC.ingredientsD.constituents【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项element“元素，基础”，指一个整体中最基本、不可缺少的或固有的成分；B选项component“组成部分，成分”，指一个整体的组成部分；C选项ingredient“成分，(尤指烹饪) 原料”；D选项constituent“选民，成分，构成要素”指某一整体不可少的部分或成分。根据flour and sugar可知选C。句意：做蛋糕最重要的两种原料是面粉和糖。10. 单选题There are many good bakeries in Milltown; in fact, the baking industry is（）.问题1选项A.adhesiveB.flourishingC.incidentalD.accommodating【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。通过There are many good bakeries in Milltown可知Milltown有很多好的面包房，所以这里的烘焙产业发展不错。A选项为“可黏的”；B选项为“繁荣的；盛行的”；C选项为“附属的；偶然的；伴随发生的”；D选项为“乐于助人的；可通融的；随和的”。因此，B选项更符合题意。11. 单选题Judicious praise is（）the sun is to flowers.问题1选项A.like children toB.as children asC.to children whatD.that children with【答案】C【解析】考查常用句型。句型“A to B is what C to D” 表示A对于B就像C对于D一样。句意：对孩子公正的评价就宛如阳光对花朵的照耀一般。因此，C项为正确答案。12. 单选题More attention was paid to the quality of production in France at the time of Rene Coty. Charles Deschanel was then the financial minister. He stressed that workmanship and quality were more important than quantity for industrial production. It would be necessary to produce quality goods for the international market to complete with those produced in other countries. The French economy needed a larger share of the international market to balance its import and export trade.French industrial and agricultural production was still inadequate to meet the immediate needs of the people, let alone long-ranged developments. Essential imports had stretched the national credit to the breaking point. Rents were tightly controlled, but the extreme inflation affected general population most severely though the cost of food. Food costs took as much as 80 per cent of workers income. Wages, it is true, had risen and there was full-time and overtime employment. Taken together, these factors enabled the working class to exist but allowed them no sense of security. In this precarious and discouraging situation, workmen were willing to work overseas for higher wages.The government was reluctant to let workers leave the country. It was feared this migration of workers would deplete the labor force. The lack of qualified workers might hinder the improvement in the quality of industrial products produced. Qualified workers produced in foreign countries. Also the quantity of quality goods produced in France would not be able to increase as part of its qualified labor force moved to other countries.1. According to the passage, the French workers were（）.2. Rene Coty and Charles Deschanel were both interested in（）.3. The French government was reluctant to let the workers leave the country because（）.4. Rents in France（）.5. According to the passage, the French government（）.问题1选项A.better paid than the workers in any other European countries.B.able to save more money with the increase in their wages.C.anxious to work abroad.D.often unable to find work in France.问题2选项A.better quality in productionB.increasing quantity in productionC.having the government raise tariffs on foreign importsD.eliminating unions in France问题3选项A.it would enlarge the working forceB.it would hinder the improvement of quality in industrial productionC.it would hinder the increase in quantity of exportsD.it would damage the imports问题4选项A.were extremely highB.were extremely controlledC.took as much as 80 percent of the workers incomeD.had doubled in two years问题5选项A.prohibited French to work abroadB.reduced taxes to fight inflationC.paid family allowances and benefitsD.prohibited the French workers to join labor unions【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。根据文章的第二段：In this precarious and discouraging situation, workmen were willing to work overseas for higher wages.可知：在这种不稳定和令人沮丧的情况下，法国工人想出国工作以获得高薪。因此，C项anxious to work abroad“渴望出国工作”正确。2.细节事实题。由文章第一段More attention was paid to me quality of production in France at the time of Rene Coty. Charles Deschanel was then the financial minister. He stressed that workmanship and quality were more important than quantity for industrial production.可知：Rene Coty在位期间，法国很关注产品质量，而时任财政部长的Charles Deschanel更是坚持产品的质量比数量更为重要。因此，A项正确。3.细节事实题。由文章最后一段The lack of qualified workers might hinder the improvement in the quality of industrial products produced.可知：如果工人们去国外打工，可能会影响本国产品质量的提升。所以，政府不希望工人们离开法国去国外工作。因此，B项正确。4.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中部Rents were tightly controlled可知：租金被严格地控制着。因此，B项正确。5.推理判断题。由文章第三段 The government was reluctant to let workers leave the country. It was feared this immigration of workers would deplete the labor force.可知：政府担心移民会削弱本国劳动力，所以不愿意让工人离开法国，出国工作。因此，正确答案为A选项。13. 翻译题Translate the following passage into English.北京奥组委(The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad)官方网站讯：2007年6月23日，在八达岭长城举办的“第四届2008北京奥林匹克文化节” 开幕式上，所有观众的目光都被长城上的新标识所吸引一一在绿树环绕下，一个令所有中国人兴奋的口号映衬着的长城遒劲而古老的线体。这就是一座长67米，高18米的“同一个世界同一个梦想(One World One Dream)”北京奥运会会徽(Emblem)和北京奥运会主题口号大型景观建筑。在今后的两年多的时间里，每当人们抬头仰望长城巍峨的身姿就会知道，奥运和中国有着怎样的无法割舍的渊源。【答案】The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad Official Website News: At the opening ceremony of the Fourth 2008 Beijing Olympic Cultural Festival, held on the Badaling Great Wall on June 23, 2007, all audiences are attracted to the new logo on the Great Wall. Surrounded by green trees, this logo shows powerful and antique line of the Great Wall with an exciting slogan to all Chinese people. That is a large landscape architecture, 67 meters length and 18 meters high, of Beijing Olympic Games emblem engraving characters with “One World One Dream” and Beijing Olympic Games theme slogan. Over the next more than two years, people will learn about the deep and close relationship between Olympic Games and China whenever they look up at towering figure of the Great Wall.14. 单选题If the world is to remain peaceful, the utmost effort must be made by nations to limit local _.问题1选项A.collisionsB.combatsC.contradictionsD.conflicts【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项collision“冲突，碰撞”，指物理上的碰撞；B选项combat“格斗，搏斗”；C选项contradiction“矛盾，冲突”，指观点上的冲突；D选项conflict“(武装)斗争，冲突”。根据If the world is to remain peaceful可知D选项符合语义。句意：如果世界要保持和平，各国必须尽最大努力限制地方冲突。15. 单选题They were_in their scientific research, not knowing what happened just outside their lab.问题1选项A.submergedB.drownedC.immersedD.dipped【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项submerge“淹没”；B选项drown“淹没，溺死”；C选项immerse“使浸没于，(使)深陷于，沉浸在”；D选项dip“浸，(使)下降，下沉”。be immersed in为固定搭配，表示“专心(埋头)于”。句意：他们沉浸在科学研究中，不知道实验室外发生了什么。16. 翻译题Translate the following into English.当我们不堪重负、沮丧、失落，或因为我们认为倒霉的事总是光临我们而处于消极状态时，将这些消极的思想转变为积极的至关重要。从一件积极的小事情开始，并且一整天就一直重复想着，你将进入一个更加积极的状态，这样练下去，很快你会发现你将改变你的观点，选择快乐的生活，而不在意周围那些琐事。【答案】When we are stressed, depressed, upset, or otherwise in a negative state of mind because we perceive that “bad things” keep happening to us, it is important to shift those negative thoughts to something positive. If you start with one small, positive thing and repeat it during the course of your day, you will begin to move into a more positive situation. With practice, you will find that over time, you will change your outlook and choose to be happy, irregardless of the events around you.17. 单选题“Johns （）was irritating. He was reluctant even to buy bread”问题1选项A.jealousyB.sorenessC.luckD.parsimony【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据后半句He was reluctant even to buy bread.（他甚至连买个面包都很不情愿）可知，他是相当吝啬。A选项为“嫉妒”；B选项为“悲伤，痛苦”；C选项为“幸运”；D项“吝啬的，过度节俭”，因此，D项是正确答案。18. 单选题Singer and entertainer,（）for his beautiful and expressive voice.问题1选项A.was Frank Sinatra famousB.famous was Frank SinatraC.Frank Sinatra was famousD.was famous Frank Sinatra【答案】C【解析】考查同位语。句意：法兰克辛纳屈，一个歌手及演员，他因美妙且富有表现力的声音而闻名。在句子中singer and entertainer是对Frank Sinatra的同位语解释。根据短语结构be famous for表示“因而闻名”可知，本题正确答案为C项。19. 单选题After listening to the testimony, the members of the jury delivered their verdict.问题1选项A.decisionB.sentenceC.prosecutionD.mandate【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项decision n.决心，决定；B选项sentence n.句子，命题，宣判；C选项 prosecution n.起诉，检举；D选项mandate n.授权，命令。根据句意陪审团的成员们在听取证词后宣布了判决，因此B项符合题意。20. 单选题All individuals are required to_to the laws made by their governments.问题1选项A.abideB.conformC.concedeD.observe