2022-2023年考博英语-哈尔滨工业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第33期

2022-2023年考博英语-哈尔滨工业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among “situations vacant”, although it does not offer anyone a job, and sometimes it appears among “situation wanted”, although it is not placed by someone looking for a job either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.“Contact us before writing your application” or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history” is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae (or job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. “Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams” was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach. “Your search is over. I am the person you are looking for” was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job in view.There is no doubt, however, that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.6. The new type of advertisement which is appearing in newspaper classified columns _.7. Nowadays a demand for this specialized type of service has been created because _.8. In the past it was expected that first job hunters would _.9. Later, as one went on to apply for more important jobs, one was advised to include in the letter _.10. The job history has become such an important document because _.问题1选项A.informs job hunters of the opportunities availableB.promises useful advice to those looking for employmentC.divides available jobs into various typesD.informs employers that people are available for work问题2选项A.there is a lack of jobs available for artistic peopleB.there are so many top level jobs availableC.there are so many people out of workD.The job history is considered to be a work of art问题3选项A.write an initial letter giving their life historyB.pass some exams before applying for a jobC.have no qualifications other than being able to read and writeD.keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview问题4选项A.something that would attract attention to ones applicationB.a personal opinion about the organization one was trying to joinC.something that would offend the person reading itD.a lie that one could easily get away with telling问题5选项A.there has been an increase in the number of jobs advertisedB.there has been an increase in the number of applicants with degreesC.jobs are becoming much more complicated nowadaysD.other processes of applying for jobs are more complicated【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】6.【试题答案】B【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干关键词“new type of advertisement”可以定位到第一段，第一段最后一句说到What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.（它的作用是在申请工作时提供帮助。），说明这类在报纸分类栏中出现的新型广告会帮助求职者申请工作。因此B选项“承诺为求职者提供有用的建议”正确。A选项“告知求职者可以获得的机会”，C选项“将现有的工作岗位划分为不同类型”，D选项“通知用人单位有人可以工作”在文中均没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。7.【试题答案】C【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干关键词“specialized type of service”可以定位到文章第二段第二句The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment.（当然，这种专业化服务的增长和明显的成功反映了当前的高失业率。），说明人们需要这种专业化服务类型是因为失业率很高。因此C选项“失业的人太多了”正确。A选项“艺术类人才的工作岗位匮乏”，B选项“有很多的高层工作可做”在文中没有提及，所以A，B错误。D选项“工作履历被认为是一件艺术品”表述的因果关系颠倒，所以D错误。8.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词“first job hunters”可以定位到文章第三段第二、三句“Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams” was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview.（“只要写上你的姓名、地址、年龄和是否通过任何考试就可以了”，这是我离开学校时，给应聘第一份工作的年轻人的平均建议水平。这封信其实只是用来作为开场白的，其他的一切都可以也应该留到面试的时候再说。），说明过去人们希望第一次的求职者在面试之前只需要写一封求职信，其他的详细信息可以保留到面试时再说。因此D选项“在获得面试机会之前，保留所有详细信息”正确。A选项“初步写一封信说明自己的人生经历”，B选项“应聘前要通过一些考试”，C选项“除了会读会写之外，没有其他任职资格”均不符合题意，所以A，B，C错误。9.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第一、二句Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest.（后来，当你一步步往上爬的时候，就需要一些稍微复杂的东西。当时的建议是，在信里写下一些可以让你和别人区分开来的东西。），说明去应聘更重要的工作时，求职信应该写得与众不同，吸引雇主的注意。因此A选项“能让人们对求职信产生注意的东西”正确。B选项“对所要加入的组织的个人看法”，C选项“会让阅读者感到不快的东西”，D选项“可以轻易逃脱的谎言”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。10.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第五段There is no doubt, however, that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.（但毫无疑问的是，正因为求职过程中有大学学历的人越来越多，所以简历才变得更加重要。），说明简历变得重要的原因是有大学学历的求职者越来越多。因此B选项“拥有学位的申请者人数增加”正确。A选项“公布的工作岗位数量增加”，C选项“现在的工作越来越复杂”，D选项“申请工作的其他流程更加复杂”在文中均没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。2. 单选题Mary Barton, particularly in its early chapters, is a moving response to the suffering of theindustrial worker in the England of the 1840s. What is most impressive about the book is the intense and painstaking effort made by the author, Elizabeth Gaskell, to convey the experience of everyday life in working-class homes. Her method is partly documentary in nature: the novel includes such features as a carefully annotated reproduction of dialect, the exact details of food prices in an account of a tea party, an itemized description of the furniture of the Bartons living room, and a transcription(again annotated of the ballad “The Oldham Weaver.” The interest of this record is considerable, even though the method has a slightly distancing effect.As a member of the middle class, Gaskell could hardly help approaching working-class life as an outside observer and a reporter, and the reader of the novel is always conscious of this fact. But there is genuine imaginative re-creation in her accounts of the walk in Green Heys Fields, of tea at the Bartons house, and of John Barton and his friends discovery of the starving family in the cellar in the chapter “Poverty and Death.” Indeed, for a similarly convincing re-creation of such families emotions and responses (which are more crucial than the material details on which the mere reporter is apt to concentrate), the English novel had to wait 60 years for the early writing of D.H. Lawrence. If Gaskell never quite conveys the sense of full participation that would completely authenticate this aspect of Mary Barton, she still brings to these scenes an intuitive recognition of feelings that has its own sufficient conviction.The chapter “Old Alices History” brilliantly dramatizes the situation of that early generation of workers brought from the villages and the countryside to the urban industrial centers. The account of Job Legh, the weaver and naturalist who is devoted to the study of biology, vividly embodies one kind of response to an urban industrial environment: an affinity for living things that hardens, by its very contrast with its environment, into a kind of crankiness. The early chapters - about factory workers walking out in spring into Green Heys Fields; about Alice Wilson, remembering in her cellar the twig-gathering for brooms in the native village that she will never again see; about Job Lgh, intent on his impaled insects - capture the characteristic responses of a generation to the new and crushing experience of industrialism. The other early chapters eloquently portray the development of the instinctive cooperation with each other that was already becoming an important tradition among workers.1.Which of the following best describes the authors attitude toward Gaskells use of the method of documentary record in Mary Barton?According to the passage, Mary Barton and the early novels of D.H Lawrence share which of the following?2. Which of the following is most closely analogous to Job Legh in Mary Barton, as that character is described in the passage?3.It can be inferred from examples given in the last paragraph of the passage that which of the following was part of “the new and crushing experience of indusfrialism” (lines 33-34) for many 4.members of the English working class in the nineteenth century?5.It can be inferred that the author of the passage believes that Mary Barton might have been an even better novel if Gaskell had（ ） .6.Which of the following phrases could best be substituted for the phrase this aspect of Mary Barton in line 20-21 without changing the meaning of the passage as a whole?7.The author of the passage describes Mary Barton as each of the following EXCEPT问题1选项A.Uncritical enthusiasmB.Unresolved ambivalenceC.Qualified approvalD.Resigned acceptance问题2选项A.Depiction of the feelings of working-class families.B.Documentary objectivity about working-class circumstances.C.Richly detailed description of working-class adjustment to urban life.D.Imaginatively structured plots about working-class characters.问题3选项A.An entomologist who collected butterflies as a childB.A small-town attorney whose hobby is nature photography.C.A young man who leavers his familys dairy farm to start his own business.D.A city dweller who raises exotic plants on the roof of his apartment building.问题4选项A.Extortionate food pricesB.Geographical displacementC.Hazardous working conditionsD.Alienation from fellow workers问题5选项A.concentrated on the emotions of a single characterB.made no attempt to re-create experiences of which she had no firsthand knowledge.C.made no attempt to reproduce working-class dialects.D.managed to transcend her position as an outsider.问题6选项A.the portrayal of the particular feelings and responses of working-class charactersB.the influence of Mary Barton on Lawrences early workC.the place of Maty Barton in the development of the English novelD.the extent of the poverty and physical suffering among Englands industrial workers in thel840s问题7选项A.insightfulB.lyricalC.vividD.poignant【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D第6题:A第7题:B【解析】1.在文章第一段结尾the method has a slightly distancing effect: 这种方法略有轻微的距离效应。由此可知，作者对Gaskell的写作方式持轻微的批判态度， 认为这种方式会拉远读者与书中人物的距离。所以C选项有条件的同意正确。A选项不加批判的热情、B选项未解决的矛盾心理和C选项和D选项顺从接受排除。2.根据文章第一段：.a similar convincing re-creation of families emotion and response, the English novel.writing of D.H.Lawrence. 在创作家庭情感这情节上，有着令人信服的相似之处。由此可知，在描写家庭情感上，Gaskell和Lawrence有相似之处。 所以A选项描写工人家庭的情感符合题意。3.文章第二段，作者以JobLegh为例，讲述对自然充满热爱的乡下人离开乡村后，对城市工业环境的适应。所以C选项一位年轻人离开家里的乳牛场， 开始自己的事业符合题意。4.最后一段，作者以affinity for living things （对万物生灵的亲近感），walking out in spring into field （春天漫步在田野间），twig-gathering（收集树枝）等例子讲述地理位置的置换，使乡村人进城后仍对大自然念念不忘。所以B选项地理置换正确。5.根据文章第一段：As a member of the middle class, Gaskell could hardly help approaching working-class life as an outside observer and a reporter：作为中产阶级的一 员，盖斯凯尔不可能走入工人阶级的生活中，她只能是一个局外观察者和一名记者。由此推断D选项设法摆脱其局外人的立场正确。6.题目句子在文章中之前的句子：such families emotions and responses： 这表家庭情感与反应。题干句子在文章中之后的句子：to these scenes an intuitive recognition of feelings：直观感受情感的场景。由此推断this aspect of Mary Barton是指对工人的情感描述。所以A选项描述工人阶层人物的特殊情感与反应符合题意。7.整篇文章作者站在一个客观的立场，论述小说创作的理念， 写作方式，也指出小说的作者受到阶级的局限，对于工人阶级的更为真实的情况不能完全批露。由此得出A选项有深刻见解的、C生动的和D选项尖锐的，深刻的符合原文，B选项抒情的，不符合原文，符合题意。3. 单选题What does the future hold for the problem of housing? A good deal depends, of course,on the meaning of future If one is thinking in terms of science fiction and the space age, it is at least possible to assume that man will have solved such trivial and earthly problems as housing. Writers of science fiction, from H.G Wells on wards, have had little to say on the subject. They have conveyed the suggestion that men will live in great comfort, with every conceivable apparatus to make life smooth, healthy and easy, if not happy. But they have not said what his house will be made of. Perhaps some new building material, as yet unimagined, will have been discovered or invented at least. One may be certain that bricks and mortar will long have gone out of fashion.But the problems of the next generation or two can more readily be imagined. Scientists have already pointed out that unless something is done either to restrict the worlds rapid growth in population or to discover and develop new sources of food (or both), millions of people will be dying of starvation or at the best suffering from underfeeding before this centur3t is out. But nobody has yet worked out any plan for housing these growing populations. Admittedly the worst situations will occur in the hottest parts of the world, where housing can be light structure or in backwards areas where standards are traditionally low. But even the minimum shelter requires materials of some kind and in the teeming, bulging towns the low-standard housing1 of flattened petrol cans and ditty canvas is far more wasteful of ground space than can be tolerated.Since the war, Hong Kong has suffered the kind of crisis which is likely to arise in many other places during the next generation. Literally millions of refugees arrived to swell the already growing population and emergency steps had to be taken rapidly to prevent squalor and disease and the spread crime. The city is tackling the situation energetically and enormous blocks of tenements are rising at an astonishing speed. But Hong Kong is only one small part of what will certainly become a vast problem and not merely a housing problem, because when population grows at this rate there are accompanying problems of education, transport, hospital services drainage, water supply and so on. Not every area may give the same resources as Hong Kong to draw upon and the search for quicker and cheaper methods of construction must never cease.1.What is the authors opinion of housing problems in the first paragraph?2.The writer believes that in the distant future （ ）.3.The writer believes that the biggest problems likely to confront the world before the end of the century（ ） .4.When the writer says that the worst situation will occur in the hottest parts of the world or in backward areas, he is referring to the fact that in these parts（ ）.5.Which of the following sentences best summarizes Paragraph 3?问题1选项A.They may be completely solved at sometime in the futureB.They are unimportant and easily dealt withC.They will not be solved until a new building material has been discoveredD.They have been dealt with in specific detail in books describing the future问题2选项A.bricks and mortar will be replaced by some other building materialB.a new building material will have been inventedC.bricks and mortar will not be used by people who want their house to be fashionableD.a new way of using bricks and mortar will have been discovered问题3选项A.is difficult to foreseeB.will be how to feed the ever growing populationC.will be how to provide enough houses in the hottest parts of the worldD.is the question of finding enough ground space问题4选项A.standards of building are lowB.only minimum shelter will be possibleC.there is not enough ground spaceD.the population growth will be the greatest问题5选项A.Hong Kong has faced a serious crisis caused by millions of refugeesB.Hong Kong has successfully dealt with the emergency caused by millions of refugeesC.Hong Kongs crisis was not only a matter of housing but included a number of other problems of population growth.D.Many parts of the world may have to face the kind of problems encountered by Hong Kong and many find it much harder to deal with them【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段说明住房问题解决将来可以解决，所以A选项正确。但是并没有说明解决的具体时间，B不正确，但可以明确的是新的建筑材料产生。C、D与题干无 关，文章中并没有论述。2.由上一题答案可知，作者认为在不久的将来，新的建筑材料会产生，传统的砖泥混合的建筑材料将成为历史。所以A选项正确。3.根据文章第二段第二句：Scientists have already pointed out that unless something is done either to restrict the worlds rapid growth in population or to discover and develop new sources of food (or both), 科学家们已经指出，除非采取措施限制世界人口的快速增长，或者发现和开发新的食物来源(或者两者兼而有之)，确定B选项将如何养活不断增长的人口符合题意。4.根据文章第二段最后一句：But even the minimum shelter requires materials of some kind and in the teeming, bulging towns the low-standard housing1 of flattened petrol cans and ditty canvas is far more wasteful of ground space than can be tolerated. 但是，即使是最低限度的庇护所也需要某种材料。在拥挤、膨胀的城镇里，由压扁的汽油罐和小帆布组成的低标准“房屋”，对地面空间的浪费远远超出了人们的承受能力。可知即使小的破烂的房屋，也需要有空间，可见作者的意思是没有足够的房屋用地。C选项符合题意。5.文章第三段，作者以香港为例说明其面临了严重的人口增长和用地紧张，其他地区也是存在着这种现象，所以D选项正确。4. 单选题All societies have distinct role expectations for men and for women. In the United States, these expectations have been undergoing change for many decades. Today Americans live in a world of diverse family patterns and conflicting images of ideal life styles for men and women. The conventional norms of the first half century defined a successful woman as a wife and mother who stayed home to carry out a full array of household duties. The husband and father was expected to stay away from the home most of the day, earning enough money to pay the bills. Many adults still live by these expectations, but the traditional pattern is no longer held up as an ideal to be followed by everyone. Times have changed; there is no return to yesterday.Although the womens movement and political controversies about such issues and the Equal Rights Amendment and sexual harassment suggest that changing sex roles is a recent issue, this is far from the case. Broad trends can be identified over the past hundred years. Women have increased their participation in the labor force from 18% in 1900 to over 50% today, and they give birth to fewer children than women did in the past. In 1910 the birth rate was 30 per 1,000 population; by the 1900s it had declined to 16 per 1,000. These two trendsincreasing participation in the labor force and decreasing family sizesuggest that major long-term changes have restructured the role expectations of men and women. These changes are complex. The fact that more women are joining the labor force as full-time workers does not mean that a single sex role pattern is emerging.On the contrary, we are living in a period of diverse family patterns. According to Kathleen Gerson, “the domestic woman who builds her life around children and homemaking persists, but she now coexists with a growing number of working mothers and permanently childless women.”Women today face hard choices as they make decisions about work, career, and motherhood. Despite womens liberation, women still earn less than men in the work place and are still expected to do most of the work in the home. Women work substantially more hours each week in the home and at the workplace than men do. Women are working harder than ever, yet many do not enjoy the benefits of full equality.11. The tradition roles for men and women _.12. Ch