2022年考博英语-扬州大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解45

2022年考博英语-扬州大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Tomorrow morning I will have to（ ）a conference.问题1选项A.joinB.take partC.attend toD.participate in【答案】D【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项join“加入；参加”；B选项take part“参与， 参加”；C选项attend to“注意；照料” D选项participate in“参加；分享”。句意：明天早上我要参加一个会议。A, B, D三个选项均有 “参加”的意思，但是join多指参加某组织，成为其中的一个成员，take part和participate in一般是说参加某项活动，而take part比participate in更有主动的感觉，且侧重参加某项群众性、集体性的事业、工作或活动，突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。Participate是正式用词，特指参加团体活动，暗示以一个积极的角色参加。因此C项正确。2. 单选题Intensive requirements, rather than content, distinguish masters-level courses from undergraduate courses. The content is specialized, but often no more so than in upper-level undergraduate courses in British Commonwealth or European universities. First-year American graduate students are, in a sense, catching up. Yet they are also learning to work under more pressure than undergraduates in the United States of elsewhere.It is not quite accurate to equate first-year graduate study with the masters degree; in addition, most masters programs require more than a years work, and more than course work. They can be equated in their purpose: to acquaint the student with the literature, the current ideas, the methodologies, etc., of his or her field. The first year of graduate study is best characterized, then, as a reading program.All in all, the masters program is less easily defined than undergraduate curricula. The number of residence credits may be effectively determined by an accrediting agency (评审机构) and will vary from field to field. In some curricula (e.g. clinical psychology), a mandatory internship or practical training leads to 2 to 3 years of study, whereas an M.B.A may be completed in 18 months. The final requirement in a masters program may be a thesis, a comprehensive exam, or both, or course papers collected and bound as a thesis-substitute. There may or may not be a foreign language requirement.The masters degree itself may be defined as a certificate of competence in a reasonably specialized field. We may note here that many American educators oppose narrow specialization at masters and even at doctoral level; they complain of highly trained engineers who know nothing of the social sciences, of physicians who dont understand human psychology, and of literature Ph.D. s who ignorant of science. Effective graduate education, in this view, is the process of learning to find data, to evaluate it, and to organize it meaningfully.1.First-year American graduate students（ ）.2.It is suggested that（ ）.3.In order to get M.B.A, you must（ ）.4.Which one of the following final requirements is necessary in masters program?5.Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned?问题1选项A.are catching up with European UniversitiesB.are catching up with undergraduates in the Unites States or elsewhereC.are learning to work under more pressure than undergraduatesD.American undergraduates have no pressure问题2选项A.the first year graduates read a lotB.the first year graduates are working for the masters degreeC.the first year graduate are reading English literatureD.the first year graduates are just having course work问题3选项A.have internship or practical trainingB.study 18 monthsC.study a foreign languageD.study 2 or 3 years问题4选项A.Course creditsB.Foreign languagesC.A thesisD.A graduation project问题5选项A.American educators complain of highly trained engineers who dont know anything about social science.B.American educators complain of physicians who dont understand human psychology.C.American educators complain of literature Ph. D s who are ignorant of science.D.American educators complain of the graduate education, which is the process of learning to find date, to evaluate it, and to organize it meaningfully.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段最后指出：First-year American graduate students are, in a sense, catching up. Yet they are also learning to work under more pressure than undergraduates in the United States of elsewhere(从某种意义上说，一年级美国研究生正在迎头赶上。然而，与美国其他地方的大学生相比，他们也在学习如何在更大的压力下工作)。因此C项正确。2.判断推理题。第二段最后一句指出：The first year of graduate study is best characterized, then, as a reading program (研究生学习的第一年最好被描述为“阅读阶段”)，由此推断，研究生学习的第一年会阅读大量书籍。3.细节事实题。第三段指出：whereas an M.B.A may be completed in 18 months (而工商管理硕士学位可能在18个月内完成)。故选B项。4.细节事实题。第三段最后一句指出：The final requirement in a masters program may be a thesis, a comprehensive exam, or both, or course papers collected and bound as a thesis-substitute. There may or may not be a foreign language requirement (硕士课程的最终要求可能是一篇论文，一次综合考试，或者两者兼而有之，或者收集并装订成论文替代品的课程论文。可能有也可能没有外语要求)。因此C项正确。5.细节事实题。最后一段指出：they complain of highly trained engineers who know nothing of the social sciences, of physicians who dont understand human psychology, and of literature Ph.D.s who ignorant of science. Effective graduate education, in this view, is the process of learning to find data, to evaluate it, and to organize it meaningfully (许多美国教育工作者控诉训练有素的工程师对社会科学一无所知，医生不懂人类心理学，文学博士对科学一无所知。这样看来，有效的研究生教育，起作用的研究生教育是一个学习发现数据、评估数据并有意义地组织数据的过程)。由此可知，D项并不是美国教育工作者控诉的内容。3. 单选题Hilter committed one of the most（ ）crimes in history.问题1选项A.violentB.venturousC.viciousD.virus【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。violent“暴力的，猛烈的”；venturous“不顾一切的，好冒险的”；vicious“恶毒的，恶意的，凶残的”；virus“病毒”。句意：Hilter犯下了历史上最暴力的行径之一。A项符合题意。4. 单选题Microsoft reigned for years as the wealthiest technology company primarily（ ） its ownership and cultivation of Windows the universal platform for applications on the PC.问题1选项A.by force ofB.by right ofC.by dint ofD.with the assistance of【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项by force of“用的手段”；B选项by right of“凭借，由于”，多指凭借权利；C选项by dint of“用，凭借”，多指凭借某一事物；D选项with the assistance of“在的援助下”。句意：微软多年来一直是世界上最富有的科技公司，这主要是凭借其对Windows的所有权和发展。Windows是个人电脑应用程序的通用平台。这里凭借的是Windows这一事物而不是权利，所以选项C正确。5. 单选题To（ ）is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment.问题1选项A.conserveB.conceiveC.convertD.contrive【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项conserve“保存，保护”；B选项conceive“构思，设想”；C选项convert“转变”；D选项contrive“谋划”。句意：保护就是保存和保护，把我们自己喜欢的东西留在如此好的条件下，别人也可以分享我们的乐趣。选项A符合句意。6. 单选题Since market reforms were instituted in the late 1970s, China has been among the most rapidly growing economies in the world, regularly（ ） 10 percent GDP growth annually.问题1选项A.exceededB.exceedingC.has exceededD.having exceeded【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语。句意：自上世纪70年代末实行市场改革以来，中国一直是世界上增长最快的经济体之一，每年的GDP增长率经常超过10%。句中已有谓语动词has been，所以填空处应填入非谓语，由此可首先排除C选项和D选项；其次，这里应使用现在分词形式表示超过的状态，而且超过是主动语态，所以选项B正确。7. 单选题Investors are being encouraged to continue ploughing their savings into the stock market after shares in London recovered all the losses incurred since September 11. The advice comes despite Americas Dow Jones industrial average tumbling on Friday after a case of anthrax was diagnosed in New York. Consumer spending in America also slumped by more than three times economists predictions in September, pushing share prices back below pre-attack levels.The FTSE 100 index of Britains largest companies closed on Friday at 5,145 up 112 points on its September 10 close. The Dow in New York rallied late on to close at 9,344, down 66 points. Although most experts are predicting further volatility in the coming months, they remain cautiously optimistic that the FTSE 100 will begin a sustained, if rocky, rally towards 5,500 by the end of the year. The immediate economic outlook is still bleak. Some commentators predict that America will endure a recession lasting six months. They also expect Britain to suffer a sharp slowdown. But analysts say the market is well placed to absorb any further bad news.Sharp economic downturns can, perversely, be good for the market because they force firms to be more cost-efficient. Therefore, any announcements about rising unemployment or corporate streamlining could have a positive effect on shares. Of more concern to private investors is the impact that another terrorist attack would have on shares. If this were to happen, the market would almost certainly slump again. But history suggests that it would, once again, make up any lost ground within weeks.Experts are therefore urging private investors not to repeat their past mistakes, when they waited for a sustained rally before feeling confident enough to invest. Cross said, “Its peculiar that investors feel its safer to invest after the market has risen by 25% than when it has fallen by 25%. Common sense suggests that the opposite would be more appropriate.” Mike Lenhoff of Gerrard, the stockbroker, said that if the market hit 5 500 and remained around that level for some weeks, it would be a sign that further, sustained gains were imminent. He said, “Getting back to 5 500 would be important, because if the index stayed at that level, the psychology of the market would change substantially. Defensive shares would become too expensive and big investors would start moving into value stocks, which are the type of firms that do well in an economic recovery.”But private investors could be forgiven for their pessimistic mood, as nearly all Isa buyers have suffered big losses. But investors can take some comfort from the fact that the next three months are traditionally the best-performing period of the year for the stock market. David Schwartz, the stock-market historian, said the index almost always rose in the period between November and April. Since 1974, the market went up on 24 occasions between November and April, by an average of 15%, and dropped only three times. Schwartz said, “Its no guarantee for this year, but history is on our side.”1.We learn from the first paragraph that（ ）.2.The reason why some experts remain cautiously optimistic about the FTSE is that they believe that（ ）.3.In the present situation, corporate downsizing may（ ）.4.Experts advise private investors to avoid their past mistakes by（ ）.5.From the last sentence of the passage, we may infer that Schwartz believes that（ ）.问题1选项A.FTSE 100 index fell immediately after September 11B.Dow Jones industrial index is now beginning to pick upC.Consumer spending is having a positive effect on the stock marketD.Share prices in America have risen contrary to most predictions问题2选项A.the American economy will be able to resist further downturnB.the Dow Jones index in New York will stop tumbling soonC.the market will absorb any further shock from bad newsD.the economic situation in Britain and America will take an upturn in 6 months问题3选项A.sharp economic downturnB.produce a positive effect on sharesC.cause the market to slump againD.enable the market to regain any lost ground问题4选项A.withholding any investment until the market has risen by 25%B.investing when the FTSE rallies back to 5 500C.investing only in those firms which show signs of recoveryD.investing when the stock market shows signs of upturn问题5选项A.the market will be most likely to go up between November and AprilB.the market will drop by an average of 15% between November and AprilC.the market will not likely go up in the next three monthsD.it is quite rational to take a pessimistic altitude towards the stock market【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段的内容，在伦敦股市收复了9.11以来的全部损失后，投资者被鼓励继续将他们的储蓄投入股市。尽管美国道琼斯工业平均指数在纽约被诊断出炭疽病例后在周五暴跌，该建议还是出现了。九月份，美国的消费支出也下跌了超过经济学家预测的三倍，将股价推回到袭击前的水平之下。由此可知，“911”事件后，英国富时100指数立即下跌，选项A符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第二段最后两句“Some commentators predict that America will endure a recession lasting six months. They also expect Britain to suffer a sharp slowdown. But analysts say the market is well placed to absorb any further bad news. 一些评论家预测，美国将经历长达6个月的经济衰退。他们还预计英国经济将急剧放缓。但分析师表示，市场已经做好准备，可以消化任何进一步的坏消息。”A选项“美国经济将能够抵御进一步的衰退”和B选项“纽约的道琼斯指数将很快停止下跌”在文中没有提及，选项D“英国和美国的经济形势将在6个月内好转”不符合原文。选项C“市场将消化任何进一步的坏消息”符合原文3.细节事实题。根据第三段第二句“any announcements about rising unemployment or corporate streamlining could have a positive effect on shares. 任何有关失业率上升或公司裁员的消息，都可能对股价产生积极影响。”所以选项B正确。4.判断推理题。题干意思是“专家建议私人投资者避免过去的错误，在”。根据倒数第二段第一句Experts are therefore urging private invertors not to repeat their past mistakes, when they waited for a sustained rally before feeling confident enough to invest.（因此，专家们敦促私人投资者不要重蹈覆辙，不要等到股市持续上涨时才有足够的信心进行投资）和第四段if the market hit 5500 and remained around that level for some weeks, it would be a sign that further, sustained gains were imminent.（如果股市达到5500点，并在这一水平附近保持数周，这将表明，进一步持续的上涨即将到来）可推断，私人投资者可以在股市好转的时候进行投资，故D项“当股票市场显示好转迹象时进行投资”正确；B项“当富时指数回升至5500点时投资”与原文不符；由Its peculiar that investors feel its safer to invest after the market has risen by 25% than when it has fallen by 25%. Common sense suggests that the opposite would be more appropriate.（奇怪的是，投资者觉得在股市上涨25%后投资比下跌25%时更安全；常识告诉我们，相反的措辞会更合适）可知，市场下跌25%比股市上涨25%后投资更安全，A项“在市场上涨25%之前不做任何投资”错误；C项“只投资那些有复苏迹象的公司”原文没有提到。因此，该题选择D项正确。5.判断推理题。根据最后一段的最后一句“Schwartz said, Its no guarantee for this year, but history is on our side. Schwartz说，今年不敢保证，但历史总是站在我们这一边。”上文提到，股票市场历史学家Schwartz 表示，股票指数在11月4月期间几乎总是上涨的。所以选项A符合原文。8. 单选题If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he（ ）able to advise you much better than I can.问题1选项A.would beB.will have beenC.wasD.were【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你向你的律师解释情况，他能给你的建议比我好得多。此句表示对现在的虚拟，与现在事实相反的虚拟语气结构是：从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时，主句:主语+ should/would/might/could + do。因此A项正确。9. 单选题In a society where all aspects of our lives are dictated by scientific advances in technology, science is the essence of our existence .Without the vast advances made by chemists, physicists, biologist, geologist, and other diligent scientists, our standards of living would decline, our flourishing, wealthy nation might come to an economic depression, and our people would suffer provided by science, yet our lives would be altered interminably without them.Health care, one of the aspects of our society that separates us from our archaic ancestors, is founded exclusively on scientific discoveries and advances. Without the vaccines created by doctors, disease such as polio measles, hepatitis, and the flu would pose a threat to our citizens, for although some of these disease may not be deadly, their side effects can be a vast detriment to an individual affected with the disease.In addition, science has developed perhaps the most awe-inspiring, vital invention in the history of the world, the computer. Without the presence of this machine, our world could exist, but the convenience brought into life by the computer are unparalleled.Despite the greatness of present-day innovators and scientists and their revelations, it is requisite to examine the amenities of science that our culture so blatantly disregards. For instance, the light bulb, electricity, the telephone, running water, and the automobile are present-day staples of our society; however, they were not present until scientists discovered them.Because of the contribution of scientist, our world is ever metamorphosing, and this metamorphosis economically and personally comprise our society, whether our society is cognizant of this or not.1.In the first paragraph the author implies that we（ ）.2.The author uses health care and vaccines to illustrate（ ）.3.Nothing，according to the author ,can match the invention of the computer in term of （ ）.4.The author seems to be unhappy about（ ）.5.The authors tone in the passage is （ ）.问题1选项A.would not survive without scienceB.take the amenities of science for grantedC.could have raised the standards of living with scienceD.would be free of disease because of scientific advances问题2选项A.how science has been developedB.what science means to societyC.what the nature of science isD.how disease affects society问题3选项A.powerB.noveltyC.benefitsD.complexity问题4选项A.peoples ignorance of their cultureB.peoples ignoring the amenities of scienceC.peoples making no contributions to societyD.peoples misunderstanding of scientific advances问题5选项A.criticalB.cognizantC.appreciativeD.paradoxical【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】第1题:1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。第一段指出：Without the vast advances made by chemists, physicists, biologist, geologist, and other diligent scientists, our standards of living would decline (没有化学家、物理学家、生物学家、地质学家和其他勤奋的科学家所取得的巨大进步，我们的生活水平就会下降)，由此推断C项“有了科学，我们的生活水平才得以提高”正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。第二段开头指出：Health care, one of the aspects of our society that separates us from our archaic ancestors, is founded exclusively on scientific discoveries and advances(医疗保健是社会的一个方面，它将我们与古老的祖先区分开来，它完全建立在科学发现和进步的基础上)，后面又以疫苗为例，其实是为了论证本文主题：科学对社会的重要性。故选B项。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。第三段指出：此外，科学已经发明出也许是世界历史上最令人敬畏、最重要的发明计算机。没有这台机器，世界的确可以存着，但是计算机给生活带来的便利是无与伦比的。因此C项“益处，用处”正确。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。倒数第二段开头指出：尽管如今的创新者和科学家奉献了他们的伟大成就和成果，但我们有必要审查（重视）科学带来的便利，这在我们的文化中往往是被公然漠视的。后面作者又举例说明是科学家们发明了灯泡、电、电话等必需品。因此，B项“人们忽视了科学带来的便利”正确。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】观点态度题。作者通篇都在强调科学对我们的意义和重要性，通过“science is the essence of our existence”以及“ Because of the contribution of scientist, our world is ever metamorphosing”等字眼可以看出，作者的语气是感激的，欣赏的。故选C。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:10. 单选题The mayor called together all his staff members and announced that the freshly appointed director of general affairs was（ ） his ex-wifes son.问题1选项A.nobody other thanB.nothing other thanC.none other thanD.not other than【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。none other than意为“不是别的而正是”。句意：市长召集了他所有的职员，宣布新任命的总干事不是别人，正是他前妻的儿子。选项C符合句意。11. 单选题Popular in the UK are the older ruins at the castles edge, known as “the abbey”: Two small cells,（ ）with ivy, crumbling and open to the sky.问题1选项A.strewnB.loadedC.permeatedD.crammed【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项strewn“撒满的，散播的”；B选项loaded“载着重物的”；C选项permeated“弥漫的，遍布的”，多指气味弥漫或液体渗透；D选项crammed“挤满的”。句意：在英国很受欢迎的是城堡边缘的古老废墟，被称为“修道院”：两个小隔间，散布着常春藤，摇摇欲坠，朝向天空。选项A符合句意。12. 单选题People usually express their interests by what they habitually talk about and how they allocate their time and money. For example, Allan spends at least as much time watching the stock market as he（ ）.问题1选项A.writesB.does writingC.is writingD.does to write【答案】B【解析】考查语法结构。句意：人们通常通过他们习惯谈论的话题以及他们如何分配时间和金钱来表达他们的兴趣。例如，艾伦花在观察股市上的时间至少和他写作的时间一样多。分析句子结构可知，asas表示同级之间的比较，前后时态语态应保持一致，前面使用的是动名词watching，后面同样也应该使用动名词，由此可首先排除选项A和选项D；其次，如果填入C选项句子表达不完整，应使用助动词does来指代spends time，所以选项B正确。13. 单选题On hearing the news, I went up to Dales room, removed the hamster from its cage and, paying（ ）attention to her grief, proceeded to swing it around by its tail to make sure it really was dead.问题1选项A.scarceB.bareC.insufficientD.scant【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项scarce“缺乏的，不足的”，强调罕见，稀有；B选项bare“空的，赤裸的”；C选项insufficient“缺乏能力的”；D选项scant“缺乏的，不足的”，强调的是减少，限制。句意：听到这个消息后，我前往黛尔的房间，把那只仓鼠从笼子里拿出来，毫不在意她的悲伤，接着提着它的尾巴甩来甩去，看看它是不是真的死了。句中指的是对黛尔的悲伤视而不见，所以选项D更恰当。14. 单选题Almost as a（ ）to the revival of Greek knowledge and values came the revival of interest in mathematics.问题1选项A.corollaryB.outcomeC.consequenceD.results【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项corollary“推论，必然的结果”；B选项outcome“结局，成果”；C选项consequence“重要性，推论”；D选项results“后果”。句意：希腊知识和价值观的复兴几乎是必然的结果，人们对数学的兴趣也随之复苏。选项A更符合语境。15. 翻译题1. Translate the following into Chinese: (10%)Most of us have inherited morality from religion, family, education, or society in general, and usually from all these sources, because they share common taboos against killing, stealing, adultery, lying, and so on and a common belief in what constitutes praiseworthy behavior. In some respects, however, these sources can be at odds with each other. Your national assessm