2022-2023年考博英语-福建师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第25期

2022-2023年考博英语-福建师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题He usually （ ）his emotions and appears calm.问题1选项A.holds upB.holds backC.holds onD.holds tight【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。hold up意为“举起”；hold back意为“退缩，忍住，抑制住”；hold on意为“等一下，坚持不懈，握住”；hold tight意为“抓紧，抓牢，暂不行动”。句意：他通常会控制自己的情绪，表现得很平静。2. 单选题Since the two parties couldnt（ ）their differences, they decided to stop their negotiations.问题1选项A.rectifyB.reconcileC.obligeD.obscure【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。rectify意为“改正，校正”；reconcile意为“使和好，使和解，妥协”；oblige意为“强制，强迫”；obscure意为“费解的，难以理解的”。句意：因为两党不能就分歧达成一致，他们决定停止谈判。3. 单选题When he tried to make a （ ）, he found that the hotel was completely filled because of a convention.问题1选项A.claimB.bookingC.revisionD.reservation【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。claim意为“声称”；booking意为“预约，预定”；revision意为“修订，修改”；reservation意为“预订，预约”。make a reservation比较正式、规范；make a booking更口语化。句意：当他想订房时，他发现想入住的酒店由于有一个会议而住满了。4. 问答题With (A) the word scientist we mean one who is equipped to (B) spend a lifetime for (C) the advancement of science to the best (D) of ones ability.【答案】试题答案：A; by【解析】考查介词用法。with意为“和，同，具有”，此处表示“根据科学家这个词，我们说的是一个”，因此用by（根据，按照）。5. 单选题I dont think the charge for overhauling the equipment is excessive in（ ）to its size.问题1选项A.correspondenceB.equationC.proportionD.dimension【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。correspondence意为“一致，符合”；equation意为“方程式，等式，相等”；proportion意为“份额，比例”，in proportion to意为“与成比例，与相称”；dimension意为“尺寸，规模”。句意：相对于它的尺寸来说，我认为大修这个设备所花的费用并不过分。6. 单选题A million motorists leave their cars filled up with petrol and with the keys in the ignition every day. The vehicles are sitting in petrol stations while drivers pay for their fuel. The Automobile Association (AA) has discovered that cars are left unattended for an average three minutes and sometimes considerably longer as drivers buy drinks, sweets, cigarettes and other consumer items and then pay at the cash till. With payment by the credit card more and more common, it is not unusual for a driver to be out of his car for as long as six minutes, providing the car thief with a golden opportunity.In an exclusive AA survey, carried out at a busy garage on a main road out of London, 300 motorists were questioned over three days of the holiday period. Twenty-four percent admitted that they “always” or “sometimes” leave the keys in their car. This means that nationwide, a million cars daily become easy targets for the opportunist thief.For more than ten years there has been a bigger rise in car crime than in most other types of crime. An average of more than two cars a minute are broken into, vandalized or stolen in the UK. Car crime accounts for almost a third of all reported offences with no signs that the trend is slowing down.Although there are highly professional criminals involved in car theft, almost 90 percent of car crime is committed by the opportunist. Amateur thieves are aided by our own carelessness. When AA engineers surveyed on town center car park last year, ten percent of the cars checked were unlocked, a figure backed by a Home Office national survey that found 12 percent of drivers sometimes left their cars unlocked. The AA recommends locking up whenever you leave the car and for however short a period. A partially open sun-roof or window is a further come-on to thieves.There are many other traps to avoid. The Home Office has found little awareness among drives about safe parking. Most motorists questioned made no efforts to avoid parking in quiet spots away from street lights just the places thieves love. The AA advises drivers to park in places with people around thieves dont like audiences. Leaving valuables in view is an invitation to the criminals. A Manchester Probationary Service research project, which interviewed almost 100 car thieves last year, found many would investigate a coat thrown on a seat. Never leave any documents showing your home address in the car. If you have a garage, use it and lock it a garage car is at substantially less risk.1.Which of the following statements is NOT true?2.Where in the passage does the author mention leaving valuables in view is an invitation to the criminals?3.The car theft is due to all of the following EXCEPT （ ）.4.In order to prevent car theft, people are recommended to（ ）.5.The main purpose of this passage is to（ ）.问题1选项A.The use of credit cards may increase the risk of car theft.B.It is advised that the drivers take car keys with them.C.Most cars are stolen by professional thieves.D.The AA advises that motorists leave their cars locked.问题2选项A.The first paragraph.B.The second paragraph.C.The third paragraph.D.The last paragraph.问题3选项A.peoples carelessnessB.unawareness of safe parkingC.coat left on the car seatD.poor quality of a car lock问题4选项A.park cars in quiet placesB.use a garage and lock itC.leave a spare car key at homeD.become a member of AA问题5选项A.analyze the rise of the car theft in BritainB.report the survey results by AAC.suggest the ways to investigate car theftD.compare car crime with other types of crime【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Although there are highly professional criminals involved in car theft, almost 90 percent of car crime is committed by the opportunist.（虽然有高度职业犯罪涉及汽车盗窃，几乎90%的汽车犯罪是由机会主义者干的）可知只有少数汽车是被职业窃贼偷走的，因此C选项“大多数汽车是被职业窃贼偷走的”说法不正确。2.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Leaving valuables in view is an invitation to the criminals（把贵重物品放在显眼的地方是对罪犯的一种诱惑）可知选D。3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Amateur thieves are aided by our own carelessness（我们自己的粗心大意给那些业余小偷助了一臂之力）可知与A选项“人的粗心”相符；由第五段中的The Home Office has found little awareness among drives about safe parking（内政部发现，驾车者对安全停车的意识很低）可知与B“未意识到安全停车”相符；由第五段中的which interviewed almost 100 car thieves last year, found many would investigate a coat thrown on a seat.（这个研究项目去年采访了近100名偷车贼，发现许多偷车贼会翻看一件扔在座位上的外套）可知与C选项“留在汽车座椅上的外套”相符，故排除A、B、C选项，因此选D，汽车锁的质量问题并没有在文中提及。4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的If you have a garage, use it and lock it a garage car is at substantially less risk.（如果你有一个车库，使用它并锁上它停在车库里风险要小得多）可知B选项“用车库把它锁上”符合题意。5.主旨大意题。通读全文，可知本文主要分析了英国汽车盗窃案上升的原因：驾驶员的粗心大意；安全停车意识低；将值钱物品放到显眼处；外套扔在车座上等等，因此选A。7. 单选题The manager, （ ）a letter to his secretary.问题1选项A.pledgedB.conveyedC.surveyedD.dictated【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。pledge意为“保证，誓言”；convey意为“传达，传递”；survey意为“调查”；dictate意为“口述”。句意：经理向秘书口授一封信。8. 单选题Most people do not know that Juliette Gordon Low, the founder of the Girl Scouts of America, was deaf. She began to lose her hearing when she was 17, and became almost totally deaf in her adulthood.Juliette married William Mackay Low and they went to England to live. Juliette became interested in the Girl Guides Association there. She observed their meetings and was very impressed because the girls acquired many useful skills. They learned how to cook, knit, tie knots and give first aid. They also learned about the history of the flag. Moreover, they developed important social skills as they learned how to work together. Juliette thought that girls everywhere should have this opportunity, so she decided to organize more troops.Juliette organized several Girl Guides troops in both England and Scotland. Since she could not do all the work herself, she had to ask other women to help her. Sometimes the women were reluctant to give their time due to family responsibilities. However, Juliette was a very determined woman. When the women refused, she would pretend that she didnt understand what they said. As a result, the women helped her in spite of being busy.Juliette always persevered until she motivated others to help her with her goals. One encounter that required her persistence happened while she was in Scotland. She was walking along a road one day when she came to a stream. The only way across the stream was by a foot log, and Juliette was afraid to cross it alone. She was wondering what to do when she saw a peddler coming down the road. She told the peddler to go across the bridge first, and she would follow with her hand on his shoulder. Although the peddler started to protest, her stubborn insistence again paid off. He reluctantly led her across the foot bridge. Once they were safely on the other side, the peddler explained to her that he was blind!When Juliette came back to America for a visit, she started the first Girl Guides troop in the country in her home town, Savannah. By the time she went back to England six months later, there were six Girl Guide troops in Savannah. At that time, the girls each made their own uniforms.In 1913, the Girl Guides changed its name to the Girl Scouts. Juliette Low came back to Savannah that same year. She decided that there should be Girl Scout troops all over the United States, so she worked toward that goal. The first national Girl Scout convention was held in Washington D.C, on June 10, 1915.Juliette died in Savannah on January 17, 1927. Thanks to her, there are now Girl Scouts all over the world. Juliettes home in Savannah is a national Girl Scout center.Sometimes the women were reluctant to give their time due to family responsibilities.” This sentence means （ ）.1.The main idea of this passage can best be stated as（ ）.2.“.Juliette started the first Girl Guides troop in the country in her home town, Savannah. By the time she went back to England six months later, there were six Girl Guide troops in 3.Savannah.” From this statement we can assume that（ ）.4.Juliette did things in this order:（ ）.5.After reading the passage, we can assume that （ ）.问题1选项A.the women were eager to help her start Girl Guides troopsB.the women wanted to help, but had something due that they needed to work onC.the women were in charge of other familiesD.the women didnt want to help her because they were too busy with their families问题2选项A.Juliette Low, a deaf woman, used determination and persistence to start Girl Scout troops all over the worldB.Juliette Low, a deaf woman, was very pushy and always got what she wantedC.Juliette Low, a deaf woman, traveled to many different places in her life time but ended up back in SavannahD.without Juliette, the Girl Scouts would still only British phenomenon.问题3选项A.Juliette liked the uniforms the Girl Guides woreB.other people set up their own troops because they were jealous of JulietteC.Juliette helped to start all six of these troopsD.the girls in the first troop argued and had to be separated into six different troops问题4选项A.went to England, married William, watched the Girl Guides meetings, organized her own Girl Guides troops.B.watched the Girl Guides meetings, went to England, married William, organized her own Girl Guides troops.C.married William, went to England, organized her own Girl Guides troops, watched the Girl Guides meetings.D.married William, went to England, watched the Girl Guides meetings, organized her own Girl Guides troops.问题5选项A.Juliette had to work because her husband didnt make enough moneyB.Juliette enjoyed being busy and helping othersC.Juliette wanted to be a Girl Guide herself, but she was too oldD.Juliettes husband didnt approve of her involvement in this association【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。be reluctant to意为“不愿意，不情愿”，due to意为“由于”。由文章第三段中的Since she could not do all the work herself, she had to ask other women to help her. Sometimes the women were reluctant to give their time due to family responsibilities.As a result, the women helped her in spite of being busy.（由于她不能自己做所有的工作，所以她不得不请其他妇女帮助她。有时，由于家庭责任，这些妇女不愿意花时间结果，尽管很忙，妇女们还是帮助了她）可知A选项说法不正确，这些妇女刚开始的时候并不乐意帮助她，B选项与due to family responsibilities不符，故排除，C选项在文中没有提及，故排除，因此选D。2.主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了Juliette Low虽然耳朵听不到，但她一直为在世界各地建立女童子军坚持不懈地努力，因此选A。3.推理判断题。由文章第五段中的she started the first Girl Guides troop in the country in her home town, Savannah. By the time she went back to England six months later, there were six Girl Guide troops in Savannah. （她在家乡萨凡纳组建了第一支女童子军。六个月后，当她回到英国时，萨凡纳有六支女童子军）可知C选项说法不正确，Juliette只组建了一支女童子军，故排除；A选项文中没有提及，故排除；在根据后面的At that time, the girls each made their own uniforms（那时，女孩们各自制作了自己的制服）可知D选项“第一个女童子军团的女孩因争论，不得不分成六支军团”最为恰当。4.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Juliette married William Mackay Low and they went to England to live. Juliette became interested in the Girl Guides Association there. She observed their meetings和第三段中的Juliette organized several Girl Guides troops in both England and Scotland内容可知Juliette 先是嫁给了William，然后再去的英国，在那里她对Girl Guides Association产生了兴趣并仔细观察她们的会议，最后她组建了自己的女童子军，因此选D。5.推理判断题。文章中只提到了Juliette耳朵听不到，嫁给了William，就没有Juliette的其他信息，故排除A、D，C选项文章也没有提及，只能通过Juliette为建立女童子军所做的努力，推测她是一个乐于助人的人，因此选B。9. 单选题The service operates 36 libraries throughout the country, while six （ ）libraries specially serve the countryside.问题1选项A.driftingB.mobileC.shiftingD.rotating【答案】B【解析】考查形容词分析。drifting意为“漂流的，飘动的”；mobile意为“可移动的，流动的”；shifting意为“转换的”；rotating意为“旋转的”。句意：该服务机构在全国范围内经营着36家图书馆，其中6家流动图书馆专门为农村服务。10. 单选题Her honesty is（ ）, nobody can doubt it.问题1选项A.out of the questionB.without questionC.in questionD.beside the question【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。out of the question意为“不可能的，不必谈的”；without question意为“毫无疑问”；in question意为“考虑之中的，被谈论着的”；beside the question意为“不相关，不切题”。句意：她的诚实是毫无疑问的，没有人能怀疑它。11. 单选题We can （ ）a conclusion from these facts we have collected.问题1选项A.generalizeB.nominateC.labelD.integrate【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。generalize意为“概括，归纳”；nominate意为“提名，任命”；label意为“贴标签于”；integrate意为“(使) 合并，成为一体”。句意：我们可以从收集到的这些事实中归纳出一个结论。12. 单选题1. Love has toppled kings, inspired poets, sparked wars, soothed beasts, and changed the course of history. It is credited for lifes greatest joys, blamed for the most crushing sorrows. And of course, it makes the world go around.2. All of which is no surprise to biologists. They know that love is central to human existence. We are not just programmed for reproduction. The capacity for loving emotions is also written into our biochemistry, essential if children are to grow and to thrive. And loves absence can be devastating. The loss of a spouse often hastens death in older people.3. Love began with motherhood. For mammalian young to survive, mothers must invest considerable time and energy in them. Of course, the varying growth rates of mammalian species require some mothers to invest more time and energy than others. An elephant seal suckles her pup for only a few weeks before abandoning it; other species, including elephants, some primates, and especially people, lavish attention on their young for years.4. With the help of oxytocin (a chemical that fosters the bond between mothers and children), doting mothers are able to cater to their offsprings every whim and whimper. When females of most mammalian species give birth, their bodies are flooded with oxytocin, known since 1906 as a hormone that stimulates uterine contractions and allow the breasts to let down milk. But oxytocin also acts as a neurotransmitter, or chemical messenger, that can guide behavior. Without it, a ewe cannot recognize her own lamb. A virgin female rat given a shot of oxytocin will nuzzle another females pups, crouching over them protectively as if they were her own.5. Studies of a small rodent known as the prairie vole, a cuddly ball of fur, whose mating bond of lifelong monogamy would put most human couples to shame, indicate oxytocin may also play a role in the heady feelings associated with romance. You just cant imagine how much time these animals spend together. Prairie voles always want to be with somebody, says Carter. The voles undying devotion is the work not only of oxytocin but also of a related hormone, vasopressin. When single male and female prairie voles meet; they commence a two-day-long bout of sex that releases oxytocin in the females brain, bonding her to the male, who prefers his mates company above all others, guarding his family against intruders with a jealous husbands zeal.6. Like some human playboys, male prairie voles seem to get a kick out of courtship mixed with danger. Carter and colleague Courtney De Vries made young, unmated voles swim for three minutes before allowing them to meet a prospective mate. The exercise elevated the animals stress hormones, which are also heightened by fear. But while females scurried off after the swim without bonding to the males as they normally would, male voles bonded faster than ever.7. Human beings unlike rodents are not entirely slaves to their hormones. But the behavior of voles may hold clues to why men and women sometimes hold divergent views of sex and romance. While many women prefer candlelight and sweet talk, men are more apt to welcome a roll in the hay anytime, anywhere. For some men (and some women), sex is especially enticing when forbidden. Carter and De Vries suspect stress hormones can interfere with oxytocins action in the brain, keeping a female vole from bonding, and perhaps preventing most women from finding danger sexually exciting. Vasopressin, in contrast, appears to work better in the presence of certain stress hormones, possibly making danger an aphrodisiac for many males.8. Passionate or platonic, love affects the whole body, setting the heart pounding, making the stomach do flip-flops, and of course, lighting the lions on fire. These visceral sensations are the work of the vagus nerve, which traces a meandering path through the body, coordinating the activities of internal organs, says the University of Marylands Stephen Porges. The vagus ferries signals between our innards and our brains, conveying information upward about our internal state and sending orders down from the brain to the heart, the stomach, the lungs, and the sex organs.9. Without the vagus, says Porges, love would be impossible. One part of the nerve is evolutionarily ancient, controlling primitive functions such as sex, hunger, and fear. This old vagus responds to oxytocin and serves as the pathway between sexual organs and the brain for feelings of both arousal and satiation after sex. But Porges argues that in mammals, newer branches of the vagus also connect emotional brain centers with the heart, the face, and the vocal equipment, helping to coordinate feelings with facial and verbal expression.10. In other words, the poets and bards were fight about one thing. The heart speaks the language of love. As English poet W. H. Auden wrote: Where love is strengthened, hope restored, in hearts by chemical accord. It may not literally skip a beat at the sight of ones desire or break with sorrow, but the hearts rhythms are exquisitely tuned to love.1.Which of the following can be inferred from passage about elephant seals?2.The different love rituals employed by men and women could be attributed to the presence of which of the following?3.Which of the following could be the best analogy to the vagus nerve described in Paragraph 8?4.Animals equipped only with old vagus can NOT do which of the following?5.The purpose of the last paragraph is to （ ）.问题1选项A.The females are irresponsible mothers.B.Their young take less time to grow up than young elephants.C.They have a shorter life span than elephants.D.They reproduce more rapidly than elephant.问题2选项A.Oxytocin.B.Vasopressin.C.Interaction of oxytocin and vasepressin.D.Stress hormones.问题3选项A.A highway between two cites.B.Air routes linking major cities around the world.C.The World Wide Web.D.Circuits linking the CPU and the accessories in the computer.