2022年考博英语-北京体育大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解21

2022年考博英语-北京体育大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题An interesting theory in economics is （1） by the Head Man of a small mountain tribe. It seems that this tribe was very good at making straw mats that had great sales（2）in the（3）market. The representative of an American company went to visit the tribe and tried to make a good business deal. He（4）to the Head Man and（5） that his company would like to（6）several thousand pieces.Undoubtedly, he said, the business（7）would be（8）to the tribe. After some thoughts, the Head Man（9） , but announced that the price per piece would be（10）in such a（11）order than it would be if（12） a small order were placed. The representative was（13）than a little shocked（14）the business sense of the Head Man,（15）insisted that the price should be（16）because of the large volume, and（17）not higher. No, replied the head of the tribe（18）. But why not? asked the American. Because（19）is so tiresome to make the（20）article over and over, answered the Head Man.问题1选项A.illustratedB.appreciatedC.demonstratedD.anticipated问题2选项A.capacityB.potentialC.abilityD.fortune问题3选项A.strawB.globalC.worldD.earth问题4选项A.addressedB.spokeC.askedD.told问题5选项A.declaredB.confirmedC.demandedD.gestured问题6选项A.orderB.sellC.disposeD.make问题7选项A.treatyB.pactC.matterD.deal问题8选项A.effectiveB.efficientC.valuableD.profitable问题9选项A.agreedB.acceptedC.refusedD.received问题10选项A.lowerB.higherC.expensiveD.cheaper问题11选项A.smallB.bigC.vastD.high问题12选项A.certainlyB.reallyC.onlyD.simply问题13选项A.greaterB.strongerC.lessD.more问题14选项A.fromB.ofC.atD.since问题15选项A.whoB.andC.thenD.therefore问题16选项A.lowerB.higherC.littleD.raised问题17选项A.neverB.reallyC.certainlyD.yet问题18选项A.weaklyB.happilyC.stubbornlyD.hesitatingly问题19选项A.heB.itC.whatD.work问题20选项A.similarB.beautifulC.alikeD.same【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A第6题:A第7题:D第8题:D第9题:A第10题:B第11题:B第12题:C第13题:D第14题:C第15题:C第16题:A第17题:C第18题:C第19题:B第20题:D【解析】（1）动词辨析题。illustrate举例说明，阐述；appreciate欣赏，感激；demonstrate展示，证明；anticipate预料，预期。句意：一个小山村部落的首领 一个有趣的经济学理论。根据关键词“theory”可知选项C“证实.理论”最为恰当。（2）近义词辨析题。capacity能力；potential潜力；ability能耐；fortune财富，运气。根据下文“一家美国公司的代表去拜访这个部落，试图达成一笔好生意。”说明这些草席是有销售潜力的，所以选项B更恰当。（3）考查固定用法。world market为固定用法，表示“国际市场，世界市场”。所以选项C正确。（4）近义词辨析题。根据句意可知，这里是想表达美国公司的代表对部落首领说.。选项A太正式，一般用于书信表达；选项C意为请求，要求；选项D后面直接接sb.，不用介词to，所以只有选项B正确。（5）动词辨析题。declared宣称，断言；confirmed证实，批准；demanded要求；gestured做手势。根据下文可知，这里指宣称他的公司将要订购几千个草席这件事件，所以选项A符合句意。（6）动词辨析题。order订购；sell售卖；dispose处理；make制造。根据上文可知，这里是订购草席，所以选项A正确。（7）考查固定搭配。business deal为固定搭配，意为“交易，生意”。选项D正确。（8）形容词辨析题。effective有效的；efficient有效率的；valuable有价值的；profitable有利可图的。根据原文可知，这里涉及到达成交易，所以对于部落来说应该是有利可图的，所以选项D符合语境。（9）上下文推断。根据下文“but announced that.”可知，说明首领同意达成这笔交易，但是有一个条件。所以选项A正确。（10）上下文推断。根据下文的“shocked”可知，这里提出来的条件应该是不合理的。所以填空处应表示价格高，再根据后面的than可知，这里应填入比较级，所以选项B正确。（11）上下文推断。根据下文“than.a small order”可知，相对于小订单来说，这里应该是大笔的订单，两者形成比较。所以选项B正确。（12）副词辨析题。根据句意：如果仅仅只是下小订单的话，那么大笔订单中每件的价格要更高。选项C和D都有“仅仅”的意思，但simply强调简单，所以选项C更恰当。（13）考查固定用法。“more than a little”为固定用法，意为“十分，非常”。选项D正确。（14）考查固定搭配。“be shocked at”为固定搭配，意为“对感到震惊”。选项C正确。（15）考查逻辑连词。根据原文可知，美国公司的代表先是感到震惊，然后坚持认为价格应该更低。选项C更符合语境。（16）上下文推断。上文提到，部落首领认为大订单的单价要高于小订单的单价，美国公司的代表感到震惊，显然是觉得这个价格不合理，他觉得大订单的单价要低于小订单的单价，所以这里应填入“lower”，选项A正确。（17）副词辨析题。never从未，绝不；really真正地；certainly当然，必定；yet还，已经。根据句意：因为数量大，当然价格不能更高。所以选项C符合语境。（18）副词辨析题。weakly虚弱地，无力地；happily快乐地；stubbornly固执地；hesitatingly踟躇地。根据首领的回答“No”可知，他固执的拒绝了，选项C符合语境。（19）考查语法结构。分析句子结构可知，本句真正的主语是后面的不定式，所以填空处应填入it做形式主语。选项B正确。（20）词组辨析题。similar和alike都表示相似的；same相同的；根据下文“over and over重复，一遍又一遍”可知，这里指重复做同样的事情，所以选项D正确。2. 单选题Those people （ ）a general understanding of the present situation.问题1选项A.lack ofB.are lacking ofC.lackD.are in lack【答案】C【解析】语法题。根据句子结构，可知空格中填入谓语，因为lack为及物动词，其后接宾语无需用介词，选项A和B可排除。又因为固定搭配in lack of “缺少，缺乏”，选项D可排除。句意：这些人缺乏对目前形势的基本了解。根据排除法，选项C符合题意。3. 单选题In my opinion, you can widen the （ ）of these improvements through your active participation.问题1选项A.dimensionB.volumeC.magnitudeD.scope【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。dimension尺寸；volume体积；magnitude大小；scope范围。句意：在我看来，你可以通过积极参与来扩大这些改进的范围。选项D更符合语境。4. 单选题Its no good （ ）remember grammatical rules. You need to practice what you have learned.问题1选项A.trying toB.try toC.to try toD.tried to【答案】A【解析】考查固定用法。Its no good doing sth. 做.是没用的。所以选项A正确。5. 问答题Increasing the tax on household goods is bound to cause trouble. (Its asking)【答案】Its asking for trouble to increase the tax on household goods.6. 单选题M: How is everything going with you?W: Not bad. Say, if you are done for the day, maybe we could celebrate your birthday at Starbucks, Ill buy!Q: Whats the woman doing?问题1选项A.She is making an invitation.B.She is making a suggestion.C.She is asking for advice.D.She is offering her opinion【答案】A【解析】根据女士说的话 “如果你今天的工作完成了，也许我们可以到星巴克为你庆祝生日， 我请客！”可知A选项她正在发出邀请。正确。7. 问答题Film makers understandably lose much of their interest in the genre, (appeal to)【答案】It is understandable that the genre doesnt appeal to film makers much.8. 单选题To visit zoos that simulate the natural habitats of animals （ ）of great interest to zoologists.问题1选项A.areB.beC.wereD.is【答案】D【解析】考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，本句是不定式做主语，也就是参观动物园这件事为主语，所以谓语动词应该为单数，首先排除选项A和C；句子时态为一般现在时，所以选项D正确。9. 单选题These surveys indicate that many crimes go （ ）by the police, mainly because not all victims report them.问题1选项A.unrecordedB.to be unrecordedC.unrecordingD.to have been unrecorded【答案】A【解析】固定搭配题。根据句意这些调查表明许多犯罪，主要因为不是所有的受害者都会举报。确定空格处填的意思是否定含义没有被记录， 动词go与否定式的过去分词连用，表示某动作未发生，A选项正确。10. 单选题It was（ ）we had hoped.问题1选项A.more a success thanB.a success more thanC.much of a success asD.a success as much as【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配more than “超过”，可排除选项C和D。又因为we had hoped 是一个完整的句子，所以用more than+句子，表示“超过”。句意：这是一次超过预期的成功。因此选项B符合题意。11. 单选题If I had a car of my own, I（ ）it to your sister yesterday.问题1选项A.will lendB.would lendC.should lendD.would have lent【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据yesterday可知, 这里是对过去情况的虚拟。从句为had+过去分词, 主句应该用would have+过去分词。所以选项D正确。12. 单选题He will live （ ） what his parents expect of him.问题1选项A.onB.offC.up toD.to【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配live up to “不辜负，达到”，live on “以为食”；live off “依靠生活”；live to “活到岁”，句子要表达的意思是“他将不会辜负父母对他的期望”，因此选项C符合题意。13. 单选题Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is （ ）.问题1选项A.grantedB.impliedC.exaggeratedD.remedied【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析题。A选项grant “（尤指正式地或法律上）同意，准予”；B选项imply “暗示，说明”；C选项exaggerate“夸张，夸大”；D选项remedy “纠正，改进”。根据前一句句意“大部分广播机构认为，对电视的职责是不公平的”，确定and后面的句意应是“并且表示媒介的力量被夸大”。所以C选项正确。14. 单选题As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to （ ）it.问题1选项A.postponeB.refuseC.delayD.cancel【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析题。A选项postpone “延迟，延期”；B选项refuse “拒绝，回绝”；C选项delay “延 期，推迟”；D选项cancel取消，撤销，终止”。as引导的原因状语从句，句意是因为不能再等订货的送达，我们不得不取消订单。所以D选项正确。15. 问答题The museum is closed this afternoon. (There is)【答案】There is no museum available this afternoon.16. 单选题The dentists confident manner （ ）me that I was in safe hands.问题1选项A.insuredB.assuredC.ensuredD.secured【答案】B【解析】形近词辨析题。insure确保，投保；assure保证，担保；ensure确保，使安全；secure保护，使安全。句意：牙医自信的态度使我确信我是由可靠的医生在诊治。选项A和D不符合句意；选项B assure sb. sth.或assure sb.+that从句，意为使某人确信.，符合句意；选项C发用法为ensure sth. to sb.，所以选项B正确。17. 单选题A recurring criticism of the UKs university sector is its perceived weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stern cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured. We should take this concern seriously as universities are keys in the national innovation system.However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialization activity.When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions of the past decade have helped transform the performance of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UKs position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national date, asks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.This type of uneven distribution is not peculiar to the UK and mirrored across other economic. In the UK, research is concentrate; less than 25% of universities receive 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and license income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration have also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialization work creates differences between universities.The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximize the impact of their research efforts. These universities should be generating the widest range of social economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment they should share their expertise in order to build greater confidence in the sector.Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialization spilling out of our universities. There are three dozen universities in the UK which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialization work.If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.1.What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialization?2.What does the author say about the national data on UK universities performance in commercialization?3.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that “policy interventions” refers to （ ）.4.What does the author suggest research-led universities do?5.How can the university sector play a key role in the UKs economic growth?问题1选项A.They fail to convert knowledge into money.B.They do not regard it as their responsibility.C.They still have a place among the world leaders.D.They have lost their leading position in many ways.问题2选项A.It masks the fatal weaknesses of government policy.B.It does not rank UK universities in a scientific way.C.It does not reflect the differences among universities.D.It indicates their ineffective use of government resources.问题3选项A.government aid to non-research-oriented universitiesB.compulsory cooperation between universities and industriesC.fair distribution of funding for universities and research institutionsD.concentration of resources in a limited number of universities问题4选项A.Publicize their research to win international recognition.B.Fully utilize their research to benefit all sectors of society.C.Generously share their facilities with those short of funds.D.Spread their influence among top research institutions.问题5选项A.By establishing more regional technology transfer offices.B.By asking the government to invest in technology transfer researchC.By promoting technology transfer and graduate school education.D.By increasing the efficiency of technology transfer agencies.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第三段，“from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialization activity.”，可知英国从一个相对较弱的起点，现在在许多商业化活动的指标上处于领先地位。可判断出在作者看来英国大学的商业化在世界上仍然在世界上有一席之地，处于领先地位。因此选项C符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据文章第四段，“Evidence suggests the UKs position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national date, asks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities.”，可知有证据表明，英国大学的地位比过去要稳定得多，而且仍在改善。但全国数据并没有反映出各所大学存在的巨大差异。因此选项C符合题意。3.词义理解题。根据文章第四段第一句，“the policy interventions of the past decade have helped transform the performance of UK universities.”，可知过去10年的政策干预改变了英国大学，然后在下文提及了各个大学存在巨大的差异。第五段主要对这种分配不平均的现象进行了进一步阐述，这种现象不仅发生在英国，也存在于其他国家。又根据文章第五段，“The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration have also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active.”，可知政策主导的长期资源集中化也造就了一批独特的大学，它们以研究为主导，并且商业化。可判断出policy interventions就是指资源集中的政策。因此现象D符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据文章第六段，“The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximize the impact of their research efforts. These universities should be generating the widest range of social economic and environmental benefits.”，可知以研究为主导的大学的核心目标必须是最大限度地发挥其研究的影响。这些大学应该为社会、经济和环境各方面带来效益。可判断出这些研究型大学应该充分利用他们的研究成果造福于社会。因此选项B符合题意。5.判断推理题。根据文章最后一段，“If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.”，可知如果各区域内的技术转移部门更有效的协调，同时加大研究生规模和功能的投资，大学应该能在英国下一轮经济增长中发挥关键作用。可判断出作者认为英国的大学可以通过促进技术转移和投资研究生院教育在经济增长中发挥作用。因此选项C符合题意。18. 单选题He denied（ ）to send out the signal at exactly 8 p. m.问题1选项A.having been tellingB.being toldC.to be toldD.having been told【答案】D【解析】deny后面一般接动名词, 所以首先排除选项C, denied为过去式, 所以被告知应该为过去完成且为被动语态, 所以选项D正确。19. 单选题W: Would you like me to get you some tea?M: Not now, thanks. Maybe later.Q: What does the man want?问题1选项A.To drink tea in a while.B.To prepare tea himself.C.To get the woman some tea later.D.To drink something else.【答案】A【解析】根据男士的回答“Not now, thanks. Maybe later.现在不用，谢谢。可能一会儿会需要。”可知A选项一会儿再喝正确。20. 单选题In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modem, but without losing its traditions.King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross National Product(GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his countrys progress by peoples happiness. If the peoples happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH).GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.Now there is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Twenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutans GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land.Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.1.Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?2.Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?3.A country shows its progress with GNP by （ ）.4.According to GNH, people are happier if they （ ）.5. Today, many countries are （ ）.问题1选项A.A president.B.A Buddhist priest.C.A generalD.A king问题2选项A.To make its population grow.B.To keep it separate from the world.C.To encourage its people to get rich.D.To keep its tradition and customs问题3选项A.selling more productsB.spending more moneyC.spending less moneyD.providing more jobs问题4选项A.have new technologyB.can change their religionC.have a good, stable governmentD.have more money问题5选项A.using the principles of GNH to measure their progressB.working together to develop a common scale to measure GNHC.talking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progressD.trying to find their own ways to measure happiness【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。题干询问吉格梅辛格旺楚克是谁?。根据文章第一段中最后一句“a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan 位名叫Jigme Singye Wangchuck国王的新的统治者决定帮助不丹王国”，所以D选项国王正确2.细节事实题。题干询问除了使不丹现代化，旺楚克还想为不丹做些什么?。根据文章第一段中最后一句“a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modem, but without losing its traditions.一位名叫吉格梅辛格旺楚克的新统治者决定帮助不丹成为现代化国家，但同时又不丧失其传统。”确定D选项保持其传统和习俗正确。3.细节事实题。题干询问一个国家通过国民生产总值来显示它的进步通过。根据第二段第四句“When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress. 当产品销量增加时，人们说这个国家正在取得进步。”确定A选项销售更多的产品正确。4.细节事实题。题干询问根据GNH，如果人们，他们会更快乐。在文章第三段，列举了衡量GNH的多个标准。只有C选项拥有一个良好、稳定的政府符合该段中的最后一句“people are happier when they have a good, stable government. 当人们拥有一个良好、稳定的政府时，他们会更快乐。”所以C选项正确。5.细节事实题。题干询问如今，许多国家都。根据文章倒数第二段中的第二句和第三句“ Many countries arc now interested in Bhutans GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. 许多国家现在对不丹的GNH感兴趣。这些国家正在研究自己衡量幸福的方法。”确定D选项试图找到自己衡量幸福的方法正确。