2022-2023年考博英语-武汉理工大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第38期

2022-2023年考博英语-武汉理工大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题First the good news: 9 in 10 people said they were satisfied with their jobs or work that they do-and that remained steady throughout 2008, despite the economy. And now the bad, even if its not so surprising: The number of people who said their employer reduced the size of the workforce rose dramatically during the year, from 15% in the first quarter to 23% in the fourth quarter.Thats according to a survey from Gallup and health management company Healthways. Nearly each day in 2008, about 1,000 adults were asked about their physical, emotional, economic and workplace well-being. When it came to their work environment, many of the 355,334 people surveyed by phone were positive. But there were some labor pains.Just 47% of respondents from Hawaii said they were satisfied with their jobs, used their strengths at work, were treated by a supervisor as a partner and worked in an “open, trusting environment”. That was the lowest score of any state on a work environment index that was compiled by calculating positive responses in those four areas. Utah nabbed top honors, with 59% of its respondents saying those four elements were prevalent in work lives. Among the biggest differences between Utah and Hawaii: 73% of Utah respondents said their supervisor created a trusting environment, while only 58% of folks in Hawaii felt that way. The national average was 65%. The GallupHealthways AHIP Congressional Report didnt offer any insights into why Utah ruled and Hawaii ranked so poorly on the workplace front.Hawaiis residents took the No.1 slot in another two survey areas, emotional health and living conditions. “Maybe having a job while youre in paradise may not be all that great,” says Jim Harter, a chief scientist of workplace and well-being at Gallup.Utah has done well in separate workplace studies, as well. After considering factors such as unemployment rate, job growth, income growth, median household income and the cost of living, Moodys E named its capital, Salt Lake City, the best U.S. city to work in for 2007 and 2008. But those glory days have faded, says Gus Faucher, Moodys E director of macroeconomics. Utahs housing boom turned into a bust later than most states. The national recession began in December 2007, according to the National Bureau of Economic Research. Salt Lake Citys recession began in November 2008, according to Moodys E.From a non-economic angle, Faucher says he can see why Utah would earn strong marks on the work front. “The state is really Mormon, so there is a sense of solidarity” among many employees, he says. “People feel very connected to each other.” Also, with its high birth rate, Utah has a robust population of younger employees who often add enthusiasm to the workplace, Faucher says. Thats the case at the Wasatch Music Coaching Academy in Salt Lake City, school owner David Murphy says. Most instructors are between 22 and 35 years old and are extremely passionate and excited about teaching students, he says. Murphy, 52, who says he has a “dream” job, takes a collaborative approach in managing all staffers, “I see myself working side by side with my staff, not over my staff.”1. What can we infer from the first two paragraphs?2. From Paragraph 4, we can infer all of the following EXCEPT that _.3. The author mentions several factors that will affect the happiness of people EXCEPT: _.4. Which of the following is correct according to the passage?5. Why could Utah earn strong marks on the work front?问题1选项A.The economy of 2008 was still steady.B.More people had to change their jobs.C.From Jan. to Apr., about 54,000 people lost their jobs.D.Most of the people surveyed felt hopeless.问题2选项A.Hawaiis residents may feel more relaxedB.the word “paradise” may refer to HawaiiC.people may prefer living in Hawaii to working thereD.Jim Harter may be a scientist in Hawaii问题3选项A.Physical healthB.Psychological conditionC.Places they come fromD.Working environment问题4选项A.Salt Lake City is the best place to work in forever.B.Utahs economy never encountered recession.C.Hawaii is a best place for entertainment and work.D.Many cities in the United States have encountered economic depression.问题5选项A.The sense of solidarity and passions of young employees.B.Good regulations set by the government.C.Favorite climate.D.Good geographical location.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。A选项“2008年的经济保持稳定”，可以定位到文章第一段第一句9 in 10 people said they were satisfied with their jobs or work that they do-and that remained steady throughout 2008.（90%的人说他们对自己的工作或目前的工作感到满意，而且在整个2008年这一比例都保持稳定），2008年，90%对工作满意度呈平稳趋势，可排除A选项。B选项“更多的人不得不换工作”，可以定位到文章第一段最后一句The number of people who said their employer reduced the size of the workforce rose dramatically during the year, from 15% in the first quarter to 23% in the fourth quarter.（今年，声称雇主裁员的人数大幅上升，从第一季度的15%上升到第四季度的23%），雇主削减了劳动力规模的人数在今年大幅上升，可以推测更多的人不得不更换工作，B选项正确。C选项“从1月到4月，大约有54000人失业”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“大多数接受调查的人感到绝望”，文章提到许多人对工作环境持肯定态度，因此大多数人不会感到绝望，可排除D选项。因此B选项正确。2.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干我们可以定位到文章第四段。D选项“吉姆哈特可能是夏威夷的科学家”，文章第四段没有提到此内容，D选项正确。A选项“夏威夷的居民可能会感到更放松”，可以定位到第四段第一句Hawaiis residents took the No.1 slot in another two survey areas, emotional health and living conditions.（夏威夷居民在情绪健康和生活条件这两个调查领域也名列榜首），文章所说夏威夷居民在情绪健康和生活条件这两个调查领域也名列榜首，也就是夏威夷的居民会感到放松，A选项排除。B选项“天堂这个词可能指的是夏威夷”，可以定位到文章第四段第二句Maybe having a job while youre in paradise may not be all that great.（在天堂拥有一份工作可能不是那么地好），可以推测天堂也就是代指前面的夏威夷，B选项可排除。C选项“人们可能更喜欢住在夏威夷而不是在那里工作”，可以定位到文章第四段第二句Maybe having a job while youre in paradise may not be all that great.（在天堂拥有一份工作可能不是那么地好），也就是夏威夷不太适合工作，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。C选项“他们来自哪里”，文章没有提到，他们来自哪里会影响他们的幸福感，C选项正确。A选项“身体健康”，可以定位到第四段第一句Hawaiis residents took the No.1 slot in another two survey areas, emotional health and living conditions.（夏威夷居民在情绪健康和生活条件这两个调查领域也名列榜首），情绪健康和生活条件这两个调查领域也名列榜首，也就是身体健康会影响人们的幸福感，A选项可排除。B选项“心理状态”，心理状态会影响人们的幸福感，B选项可排除。D选项“工作环境”，可以定位到文章第三段第一句Just 47% of respondents from Hawaii said they were satisfied with their jobs, used their strengths at work, were treated by a supervisor as a partner and worked in an “open, trusting environment”（在夏威夷的受访者中，只有47%的人对自己的工作感到满意，在工作中发挥自己的优势，被上司视为合作伙伴，在一个“开放、信任的环境”中工作），文章提到在“开放、信任的环境”中工作，会对工作感到满意，人们的幸福感也就会提升，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】判断推理题。D选项“美国许多城市都遭遇了经济萧条”，文章倒数第二段倒数第二句The national recession began in December 2007, according to the National Bureau of Economic Research.（根据美国国家经济研究局的数据，这场全国性的衰退始于2007年12月），也就是美国经济经历了全国大萧条，D选项正确。A选项“盐湖城永远是最好的工作场所”，文章倒数第二段第五句Salt Lake City, the best U.S. city to work in for 2007（盐湖城评为2007年美国最适宜工作的城市），没有提到是永远适宜工作的地点，A选项可排除。B选项“犹他州的经济从未遭遇过衰退”，可以定位到文章倒数第二段倒数第三句Utahs housing boom turned into a bust later than most states.（犹他州的房地产泡沫破灭的时间比大多数州都晚），但并不是从没有经历衰退，B选项可排除。C选项“夏威夷是娱乐和工作的最佳场所”，可以定位到文章第四段第二句Maybe having a job while youre in paradise may not be all that great.（在天堂拥有一份工作可能不是那么地好），可推测夏威夷可能不太适合工作，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。通过题干我们可以定位到文章最后一段第四句Also, with its high birth rate, Utah has a robust population of younger employees who often add enthusiasm to the workplace（此外，由于犹他州的高出生率，年轻员工的数量也非常多，他们经常为工作增添热情），这也就是犹他州能够获得高分的原因。A选项“年轻员工的团结感和激情”符合文章内容，A选项正确。B选项“政府制定的良好规章制度”，文中没有提到此内容，B选项可排除。C选项“最喜欢的气候”，气候并不是造成犹他州取得高分的原因，C选项可排除。D选项“地理位置优越”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题Most people feel stress at some time on their lives. Some people like this pressure and work better because of it. Other people are not comfortable with any stress at all; they soon become unhappy if they feel stress. Sometimes stress can lead people to do things they wouldnt usually do, such as overeat, smoke, drink, or use drugs. Stress, however, is a very normal part of life.It is important to understand that stress doesnt come from an event itself; that is from the things that are happening in our lives. It comes from the meaning we give to what has happened. For example, a crying baby may be stressful to one person, but it may not bother another person at all; a traffic jam may be stressful to one person while another person may be able to stay calm. We can experience stress any time we feel we dont control. It can come from a feeling that we cant do anything about a situation. Basically, it is the bodys way of showing anxiety or worry. Stress is not just caused by our mental or emotional condition. It is also influenced by how tired we are, whether we have a balanced diet with enough vitamins and minerals, whether we get enough physical exercises, and whether we are relaxed.The point at which stress becomes a problem changes from day to day, even for the same person, in some situation, if we are rested and feel good about ourselves, a little stress will not be a problem. In another situation, if we are tired or feel unsure about our abilities, even a small amount of stress can cause problems. For example, we might begin to worry about things that havent happened yet instead of working on things that are happening now. Or we might not feel able to find solutions to everyday problems.If we feel stressed, there are several things that we can do. First, we need to learn how to relax and breathe slowly and smoothly. We can also take some time out of our worried, busy schedule to notice the small things in life. Smell the air, look at the flowers, notice the small designs in the leaves on a treethese activities can do much to quiet us and to give ourselves a small break in a busy schedule.We need to take care of our bodies. Being tired makes it easier for us to get sick and to develop physical problems related to stress. We need to get enough rest, eat well, and do some regular exercise. Scientists have found that for our minds to think clearly, our bodies need to have certain vitamins and minerals; some of the most important vitamins are the B-complex vitamins. Doing regular exercise is also a physical way to let go of angry feelings or feelings of helplessness.Finally, we need to find what is causing the stress in our lives. Once we have found it, we need to begin to change that part of our lives. If we believe that we can control stress we can begin to control our lives. Then we can start to use stress in a positive way.1. The passage is mainly concerned with _.2. All of the following statements are correct EXCEPT that _.3. Which of the following is NOT among the solutions to stress provided by the passage?4. Which of the following is correct according to the passage?5. The passage talks about many aspects of stress EXCEPT _.问题1选项A.stressB.physical exerciseC.dietsD.anxiety问题2选项A.whether we like it or not, stress is a normal part in our livesB.something stressful to one person may be nothing at all to anotherC.stress is something that we can hardly control because it appears almost everywhere in our livesD.whether stress causes problems or not mainly depends on we feel about ourselves问题3选项A.We need to take care of our bodies.B.We need to discuss it with a psychological doctor.C.We need to find what is causing the stress in our lives.D.We need to learn how to relax and breathe slowly and smoothly.问题4选项A.Stress is always a good thing.B.Stress is horrible to most people.C.Whether stress brings about peoples happiness depends on the attitudes of people.D.Smoking and drinking are caused by stress.问题5选项A.how to use stress in a positive wayB.the way stress is formedC.how to relieve stressD.how to help people who take drugs as a victim of stress【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。通读全文。A选项“压力”，文章围绕着压力展开来讨论，压力在我们日常生活中无处不在，A选项正确。B选项“体育运动”，文章提到体育锻炼是缓解压力的好办法，但并不是文章主要内容，B选项可排除。C选项“饮食”，文章部分内容提到了饮食，压力会使人造成不良的饮食习惯，C选项可排除。D选项“焦虑”，文章提到压力会使人焦虑，焦虑并不是文章主要内容，可排除D选项。因此A选项正确。2.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。D选项“压力是否会引起问题主要取决于我们对自己的感觉”，可以定位到文章第二段最后一句It is also influenced by how tired we are, whether we have a balanced diet with enough vitamins and minerals, whether we get enough physical exercises, and whether we are relaxed.（它还受到我们的疲劳程度，是否有均衡的饮食，是否有足够的维生素和矿物质，是否有足够的体育锻炼，是否放松等因素的影响），压力不仅仅是由我们的精神或情绪状况引起的，还受到各种因素的影响，因此不仅仅是由于我们自身的感觉，D选项说法不正确。A选项“不管我们喜不喜欢，压力是我们生活中很正常的一部分”，文章第一段第一句Most people feel stress at some time on their lives.（大多数人在生活中都会有压力），也就是压力是我们生活的一部分，因此A选项可排除。B选项“对一个人有压力的事情对另一个人来说可能根本不算什么”，文章第二段第三句For example, a crying baby may be stressful to one person, but it may not bother another person at all;（例如，一个哭泣的婴儿可能对一个人有压力，但可能对另一个人没有任何影响），也就是对于一个人造成的压力，对于另外一个人可能不算什么，B选项可排除。C选项“压力是我们很难控制的东西，因为它几乎在我们的生活中无处不在”，文章第一段最后一句Stress, however, is a very normal part of life.（然而，压力是生活中很正常的一部分），也就是压力是不能够避免的，压力在我们生活中无处不在，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。B选项“我们需要和心理医生讨论一下”，文章没有提到需要找心理医生讨论压力，B选项符合题意。A选项“我们需要照顾好我们的身体”，文章倒数第二段We need to take care of our bodies.（我们需要照顾好我们的身体），A选项可排除。C选项“我们需要找出是什么造成了我们生活中的压力”，可以定位到文章最后一段第一句we need to find what is causing the stress in our lives.（我们需要找到是什么在我们的生活中造成压力），C选项可排除。D选项“我们需要学习如何放松和缓慢而平稳地呼吸”，文章倒数第三段第二句We need to learn how to relax and breathe slowly and smoothly.（我们需要学习如何放松和呼吸缓慢和顺畅），D选项可排除。因此B选项正确。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。C选项“压力是否带来人们的幸福取决于人们的态度”，可以定位到文章第一段第二句Some people like this pressure and work better because of it. Other people are not comfortable with any stress at all; they soon become unhappy if they feel stress.（有些人喜欢这种压力，并因此工作得更好。有些人对任何压力都感到不舒服；如果他们感到压力，他们很快就会不开心），但对于另外的人来说，压力对他可能没有影响，因此可推测，压力是否给人们带来幸福感，取决于他们的态度，C选项正确。A选项“压力总是一件好事”，可以定位到文章第一段倒数第二句Sometimes stress can lead people to do things they wouldnt usually do, such as overeat, smoke, drink, or use drugs.（有时压力会导致人们做一些他们通常不会做的事情，比如暴饮暴食、抽烟、喝酒或吸毒），压力有时候也会带来负面影响，A选项可排除。B选项“压力对大多数人来说都是可怕的”，文章只是提到大多数人会面临压力，并没有说大多数人觉得压力可怕，B选项可排除。D选项“吸烟和喝酒是由压力引起的”，以偏概全，可排除D选项。因此A选项正确。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。D选项“如何帮助吸毒的人作为压力的受害者”，文章提到，压力可能会使人吸毒，但并没有提到如何帮助吸毒的人，D选项文章没有提到。A选项“如何积极地利用压力”，文章最后一句Then we can start to use stress in a positive way.（然后我们可以开始积极地利用压力），可排除A选项。B选项“压力形成的方式”，可以定位到文章第二段最后一句It is also influenced by how tired we are, whether we have a balanced diet with enough vitamins and minerals, whether we get enough physical exercises, and whether we are relaxed.（它还受到我们的疲劳程度，是否有均衡的饮食，是否有足够的维生素和矿物质，是否有足够的体育锻炼，是否放松等因素的影响），B选项可排除。C选项“如何缓解压力”，文章提到三种方式缓解压力，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。3. 单选题The development of the modern presidency in the United States began with Andrew Jackson who swept to power in 1829 as the head of the Democratic Party and served until 1837. During his second term, his opponents had gradually come together to form the Whig party, Whigs and Democrats held different attitudes toward the changes brought about by the market, banks, and commerce. The Democrats tended to view society as a continuing conflict between “the people” farmers, planters, and workers-and a set of greedy aristocrats. This “paper money aristocracy” of bankers and investors manipulated the banking system for their own profit, Democrats claimed, and sapped the nations virtue by encouraging speculation and the desire for sudden, unearned wealth. The Democrats wanted the rewards of the market without sacrificing the features of a simple agrarian republic. They wanted the wealth that the market offered without the competitive, changing society; the complex dealing: the dominance of urban centers; and the loss came with it.Whigs, on the other hand, were more comfortable with the market. For them, commerce and economic development were agents of civilization. Nor did the Whigs envision any conflict in society between farmers and workers on the one hand and businesspeople and bankers on the other. Economic growth would benefit everyone by raising national income and expanding opportunity. The governments responsibility was to provide a well-regulated economy that guaranteed opportunity for citizens of ability.Whigs and Democrats differed not only in their attitudes toward the market but also about how active the central government should be in peoples lives. Despite Andrew Jacksons inclination to be a strong President, Democrats as a rule believed in limited government. Governments role in the economy was to promote competition by destroying monopolies and special privileges. In keeping with this philosophy of limited government, Democrats also rejected the idea that moral beliefs were the proper sphere of government action. Religion and politics, they believed, should be kept clearly separate, and they generally opposed humanitarian legislation.The Whigs, in contrast, viewed government power positively. They believed that it should be used to protect individual rights and public liberty, and that it had a special role where individual effort was ineffective. By regulating the economy and competition, the government could ensure equal opportunity. Indeed, for Whigs the concept of government promoting the general welfare went beyond the economy. In particular, Whigs in the northern sections of the United States also believed that government power should be used to foster the moral welfare of the country. They were much more likely to favor social-reform legislation and aid to education.In some ways the social makeup of the two parties was similar. To be competitive in winning votes, Whigs and Democrats both had to have significant support among farmers, the largest group in society, and workers. Neither party could win an election by appealing exclusively to the rich or the poor. The Whigs, however, enjoyed disproportionate strength among the business and commercial classes. Democrats attracted farmers isolated from the market or uncomfortable with it, workers alienated from the emerging industrial system, and rising entrepreneurs who wanted to break monopolies and open the economy to newcomers like themselves. The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas of semi-subsistence farming that were more isolated and pitiful economically.1. The author mentions “bankers and investors” in the passage as an example of which of the following?2. According to paragraph 2, Whigs believed that commerce and economic development would have which of the following effects on society?3. A Democrat would be most likely to support government action in which of the following areas?4. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 4 about variations in political reliefs within the Whig Party?5. According to the last paragraph, the Democrats were supported by all of the following groups EXCEPT_.问题1选项A.The Democratic Partys main source of support.B.The people that Democrats claimed were unfairly becoming rich.C.The people most interested in a return to a simple agrarian republic.D.One of the groups in favor of Andrew Jacksons presidency.问题2选项A.They would promote the advancement of society as a whole.B.They would cause disagreements between Whigs and Democrats.C.They would supply new positions for Whig Party members.D.They would prevent conflict between farmers and workers.问题3选项A.Creating a state religion.B.Supporting humanitarian legislation.C.Destroying monopolies.D.Recommending particular moral beliefs.问题4选项A.They were focused on issues of public liberty.B.They caused some members to leave the Whig party.C.They were unimportant to most Whigs.D.They reflected regional inter.问题5选项A.workers unhappy with the new industrial systemB.planters involve in international tradeC.rising entrepreneursD.individuals seeking to open the economy to newcomers【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文中第一段倒数第三句Democrats claimed, and sapped the nations virtue by encouraging specula