2022-2023年考博英语-四川大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第34期

2022-2023年考博英语-四川大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题The Space Age （ ） in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union.问题1选项A.initiatedB.embarkedC.originatedD.commenced【答案】D【解析】initiate启动, 开始, 发起；embark上飞机, 上船;originated起源于, 产生;commence开始, 着手, 获得学位, 既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。句意为, 自第一颗人造卫星由苏联于1957年10月发射升空起, 太空时代开始了。因此, 本题选D。2. 单选题Im surprised at there （ ） an index.问题1选项A.not to beB.to be notC.not beingD.being not【答案】C【解析】这是therebe非限定形式作介词补足语, 通常用-ing形式。如果是否定形式, 那么否定词not应放在非限定形式前面。注意, therebe作介词for的补足语时, 常用theretobe形式。3. 单选题I guess Jones didnt have a chance to win the election. Almost all of the people in the city voted for his （ ） .问题1选项A.candidateB.opponentC.alternativeD.participant【答案】B【解析】candidate候选人, 候补者；opponent对手；alternative替代者；participant参与者。句意：我认为Jones没有机会赢得选举。城里几乎所有的人都把票投给他的对手了。选项B符合句意。4. 单选题Over the past several decades, the U. S., Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries. These include UFOs as well as sightings and encounters with “nonhuman creatures such as Bigfoot and the Loch Ness monster. Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well. Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aware of unusual, paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru.The Nazca “lines” of Peru were discovered in the 1930s. These lines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard. Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled senseless mess. The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1, 000 feel meaning from an aircraft. Yet there were no aircraft in 300 B. C. , when it is judged the designs were made. Nor were there then, or are there now, any nearby mountain ranges from which to view them. So how and why did the native people of Nazca create these marvelous designs? One answer appeared in 1969, when the German researcher and writer Erich von Daniken proposed that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials as runways for their aircraft. The scientific community did not take long to scoff at and abandon von Danikens theory. Over the years several other theories have been put forth, but none has been accepted by the scientific community.Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is direct result of the creation of the Internet. Currently there are over 60 sites dedicated to this mystery from Latin America past, and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms.Will the Internet help explain these unsolved mysteries? Perhaps it is a step in the right direction.1.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?2.According to the passage, the Nazca lines were found_.3.We can infer from the passage that the higher the lines are seen, the_the images they present.4.There has been increasing interest in the Nazca lines mainly because of_.5.The author is_about the role of the Internet in solving mysteries.问题1选项A.Latin America has long received attention for unusual phenomena.B.Public attention is now directed towards countries like Peru.C.Public interest usually focuses on North America and Europe.D.Some ancient civilizations have unsolved mysteries.问题2选项A.in mountainsB.Pin stonesC.on animalsD.on a plain问题3选项A.smallerB.largerC.clearerD.brighter问题4选项A.the participation of scientistsB.the emergence of the InternetC.the birth of new theoriesD.the interest in the Internet问题5选项A.cautious.B.pessimisticC.uncertainD.optimistic【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.根据第一段的第三句“Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well.”选项A与原文不符，所以本题选A。2.根据关键词定位到第二段的一二句“The Nazca “lines” of Peru were discovered in the 1930s. These lines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain,.”选项D符合原文。3.根据第二段的三四句“Seen at ground level,.meaning from an aircraft.”从地面上看，感觉杂乱无章，毫无意义。图像太大所以只能在1000英尺的高度上观看也就是在飞机上。由此可以推断，越高看得越清晰，选项C正确。4.根据第三段的第一句“Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is direct result of the creation of the Internet.”现在人们对Nazca线条有了更多的兴趣，它是因互联网出现而导致的直接结果。所以选项B符合原文。5.根据最后一段的内容可知, 作者认为互联网能够帮助解开更多的未知之谜，这是一个正确的方向。所以，作者的态度是积极乐观的，选项D正确。cautious谨慎的；pessimistic悲观的；uncertain不确定的。5. 单选题To a highly imaginative writer, （ ） is a pad of paper and a pen.问题1选项A.all are requiredB.all which is requiredC.all is requiredD.all that is required【答案】D【解析】句意：对于一个富有想象力的作家来说, 他需要的只是一张纸和一支笔。首先排除选项A和C, 句子中不能同时出现两个谓语动词。that在这里引导同位语从句。6. 单选题In November 1987 the government （ ） a public debate on the future direction of the official sports policy.问题1选项A.initiatedB.designedC.inducedD.promoted【答案】A【解析】initiated开始, 开创；designed设计, 计划；induced引诱, 说服；promoted促进, 提升。句意：1987年11月, 政府开始就官方体育政策的未来方向进行公开辩论。选项A符合原文。7. 单选题The parents were worried about Dorothy because no one was aware （ ） she had gone.问题1选项A.where thatB.of whereC.whereD.the place【答案】B【解析】be aware of.句意：父母很担心Dorothy, 因为没有人知道她去了哪里。选项B正确。8. 单选题“That English fellows songs are very portic.” “（ ） the words to the songs, but he also composes the music.”问题1选项A.He also writeB.Although he writesC.Not only does he writeD.It is not all that he writes【答案】C【解析】not only.but also.为固定搭配。句意：他不仅自己作词, 还自己作曲。9. 单选题Satellite communications are so up-to-date that even when （ ） in the middle of the Pacific ,businessmen can contact their offices as if they were next door .问题1选项A.glidingB.cruisingC.pilotingD.patrolling【答案】B【解析】gliding滑翔;cruising乘船巡游, 巡航, 航行;piloting领航, 驾驶;patrolling巡查。句意：卫星通信是如此的发达以致于即使是商人在大西洋中间航行也可以联系到他们公司的人, 就好像他正在公司的隔壁一样。因此，本题选B。10. 单选题There were 150_ at the international conference this summer.问题1选项A.spectatorsB.viewersC.participantsD.onlookers【答案】C【解析】名词辨析。spectator观众，旁观者；viewer观察者，观看者；participant参与者；onlooker旁观者，观众。句意：今年夏季的国际会议有150名与会者。选项C符合原文。11. 单选题I intend to move that our committee （ ） Jim as chairman,and I hope that you will second my motion.问题1选项A.will appointB.appointsC.appointD.appointed【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。Move在这里表示（在会上）提议、建议。在表建议、命令、要求和愿望的动词后面，宾语从句要用虚拟语气:should +动词原形的用法，should可省略。选项C正确。句意：我提议委员会任命Jim为主席，我希望你能支持我的建议。12. 单选题Putting in a new window will （ ） cutting away part of the roof.问题1选项A.includeB.involveC.containD.comprise【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。include包括, 包含；involve卷入, 涉及；contain容纳, 牵制；comprise 构成。句意:安装一个新窗户需要把屋顶的一部分切掉。include一般用于被动语态, 比如sth. included in.某物包含于其中, 所以选项B更符合句意。13. 单选题Do governments really assign and enforce property rights? Despite the fact that Registries of Deeds now record land ownership of every square inch of North American territory, it is obvious: hat these rights have not always existed. 1In 1785, the U.S. Congress was busily assigning unclaimed land to the construction of public schools in the Northwest Territory; later to the construction of railroads in the West. Today, most land is claimed, but national governments and international agencies alike are busily creating new rights in other types of scarce resources such as the electromagnetic spectrum or the geostationary arc.2The electromagnetic spectrum, popularly called the airwaves, is an immense range of frequencies (radio waves, microwaves, visible light, X-rays, gamma rays, and more) that are converted by many for voice communication, navigation, data transmission, and the like. Almost all currently available frequencies are being used by someone, and the unchecked arrival of new users would lead to serious overcrowding and bad reception for all. But new arrivals keep coming and thus create an airwaves gridlock. These would-be users include the obvious: AM and FM radio stations as well as VHF and UHF television companies. They include people engaged in airplane, boat, car, and railroad communications, and others building cellular phone companies and satellite navigation systems. 3They also include energy companies wanting to relay safety information from remote pipeline monitors, makers of high-definition television, and scientists with radio telescopes waiting for messages from extraterrestrials. Most of all, they include the users of millions of gadgets, such as baby monitors, cordless phones, garage door openers, pagers, TV remote controls, and ultrasonic denture cleaners. The jammed airwaves problem came.to a head in 1990 when UPS, the largest private package carrier in the United States, decided to outfit its 55,000 trucks with radio receivers and transmitters so customers could be given up-to-the-second information about deliveries. The Federal Communications Commission allocated a frequency to UPS that had been used by ham radio operators, which caused many problems. The 170,000 member American Radio Relay League picketed federal buildings in major cities across the land. It deluged the FCC, the Congress, and the White House with angry letters, and it challenged the FCC action in court. Two congressmen quickly introduced the Emerging Telecommunications Technology Act. It would take 200 megahertz of spectrum from the military (in light of the end of the Cold War) and distribute this peace dividend to civilian users. President Bush, in turn, chided the FCC for practically giving away scarce frequencies and included in the 1991 budget $ 3 billion of revenue from selling a portion of the airwaves to would-be owners. 4While the FCC had been charging favored recipients nominal annual license fees, the average sales price of AM and FM radio stations in the 1980s came to $ 1.24 million, that of VHF and UHF television stations was $21.52 million. Sixty percent of these prices were attributable solely to the FCC license.1.The subject of this passage may be said to be ( ) .2.In Paragraph 1, the word spectrum means ( ) .3.If the author were delivering this passage orally, his or her tone of voice would probably be ( ) .4.Which of these statements would the author support?5.The last sentence in Paragraph 1 (Today, most.) suggests that the authors purpose is to ( ) .问题1选项A.the overcrowding of airwavesB.radio station ownership and sales pricesC.ownership rights to airwaves and spaceD.the geostationary arc above the equator问题2选项A.a part of a wholeB.a continuous rangeC.an optical instrumentD.a special quality问题3选项A.earnestB.abstruseC.amusedD.detached问题4选项A.Congressional action can easily solve the airwaves problems that are developingB.FM radio bands are not as jammed as AM bands.C.Airwaves gridlock is likely to become a major problem in the near future.D.World government bodies are likely to develop a control program for use of space.问题5选项A.describe a problemB.offer a solutionC.classify informationD.criticize【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.根据原文内容可知, 本文的主题是讲随着新用户的到来, 无线电波过度拥挤。并且在第二段花了大量的篇幅来举例说明, 第二段后半部分提到电波过度拥挤带来的问题。所以选项A更能概括原文主题。2.根据第二段的第一句“.is an immense range of frequencies.”电磁波谱, 通常被称为无线电波, 是一个巨大的频率范围。所以选项B正确。3.作者如果用口头表达这篇文章的话, 他的语气可能是 . earnest认真的；abstruse深奥的, 难懂的；amused愉快的；detached超然的。根据文章内容, 作者在很严肃的讨论电波拥挤造成的问题, 所以选项A认真的, 符合语境。4.根据第二段的内容可知, 电波拥挤的这个问题一直没有被解决, 所以在不久的将来可能会 成为一个大问题。选项C正确。5.根据第一段的最后一句可知, 今天, 大多数土地被要求拥有, 但各国政府和国际机构都在忙于在其他种类的稀缺资源, 以便创造新的权力, 比如电磁频谱或地球静止弧。但这个问题还是没有得到解决, 所以作者的目的在于批判政府机构的无能。选项D正确。14. 单选题Bill is an example of a severely disabled person who has become （ ） at many survival skills.问题1选项A.proficientB.persistentC.consistentD.sufficient【答案】A【解析】proficient精通的,熟练的;persistent持续的;consistent连续的, 一致的;sufficient足够的。句意：严重残疾的人也能够掌握很多生存证明, 比尔就是其中的例证。15. 单选题A series of border incidents would （ ） lead the two countries to war.问题1选项A.inevitablyB.consistentlyC.uniformlyD.persistently【答案】A【解析】inevitably不可避免地, 必然地；consistently一贯地, 始终如一地；uniformly一致地；persistently固执地。句意：一系列的边境事件将不可避免地导致两国之间的战争。选项A符合句意。16. 单选题The explorer lost his way so he climbed to the top of the hill to （ ） himself.问题1选项A.spotB.situateC.placeD.locate【答案】D【解析】spot使认出；situate使位于；place放置；locate定位。句意：探险者迷了路, 所以他爬到山顶以确定自己的位置（定位）。选项D符合句意。17. 单选题The weatherman broadcasts the （ ） in temperature twice a day.问题1选项A.diversionB.variationC.varietyD.modification【答案】B【解析】diversion转移, 消遣；variation变化, 变异；variety多样化；modification修正, 改变。句意：天气预报员每天两次播报气温变化。选项B符合句意。18. 单选题Concern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modem life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working than ever before in France. In the cities the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappointing. Offices ,shops, and factories are discovering the great efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunchrooms. In almost all lines of work emphasis now falls on ever-increasing output. Thus the “typical” Frenchman produces more, earns more, and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart of the last generation. He gains in creating comforts and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniqueness, or individuality.Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the U. S. is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so-called Americanization of France has its critics. They fear that “assembly-line life” will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely (but less productive) old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in lifejoy in the smell of a freshly picked apple, a stroll by the river, or just happy hours of conversation in a local cafe?Since the late 1950s life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush, tension, and the pursuit of material gain. Some of the strongest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they rear that France is threated by triumph of this competitive, goods-oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence.In spite of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modem economic world. They find that the present life brings more rewards, convenience ,and pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a modem, industrial France is preferable to the old.1.The old French way of life is characterized by （ ） .2.According to the passage, all the following are the description of todays Frenchmen EXCEPT that（ ） .3.Which of the following is true about the critics?4.The best title for the passage would be （ ） .5.It can be inferred from the passage that （ ） .问题1选项A.leisure, elegance and efficiencyB.elegance, efficiency and tasteC.leisure, elegance and tasteD.leisure, efficiency and taste问题2选项A.many of them prefer the modem lifestyleB.the actually enjoy working at the assembly lineC.they are more concerned with money than beforeD.they are more competitive than the old generation问题3选项A.Critics are greater in number than people enjoying the new way of life.B.Student critics are greater in number than critics in other field.C.Student critics have, on occasion, resorted to violent means against the trend.D.Critics are concerned solely with the present rather than the future.问题4选项A.Changes in the French Way of LifeB.Criticism of the New LifestyleC.The Americanization of FranceD.Features of the New Way of Life问题5选项A.in pursuing material gains the French are suffering losses elsewhereB.the French enjoy short lunch hoursC.the French are fed up with the smell of freshly picked applesD.great changes have occurred in the lifestyle of all Frenchmen【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.根据第二段第四、五句话“They fear that.the more graceful and leisurely (but less productive) old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in life.”由此可见, 古老法国式生活的特点是安逸、高雅以及品味。选项C正确。2.根据第二段的第三句“They fear that“assembly-line life”will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely ( but less productive) old French style.” 他们害怕“流水线式的生活”会引起古老法国式生活的高雅和安逸所带来的愉悦感消失，所以他们不会享受流水线式的生活。选项B符合要求。3.根据第三段的最后一句话,“Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence. ”偶尔，他们对这一趋势的反应是相当暴力的。选项C符合原文。4.文章主要讲的是法国生活方式的变迁以及大家对此的态度。因此, 选项A正确，其他选项只是部分内容。5.根据第一段的最后两句“He gains in creating comforts and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniqueness, or individuality.”选项A法国人在追求物质利益的过程中, 可能会在别处失去一些东西，符合原文。19. 单选题This （ ） girl is Marys cousin.问题1选项A.pretty little SwedishB.Swedish little prettyC.Swedish pretty littleD.little pretty Swedish【答案】A【解析】考查多个形容词修饰名词时的词序。通常顺序是:限定词表示说话人评价的形容词表示大小、形状、新旧的形容词表示颜色的形容词表示国别、来源、材料的形容词表示用途或目的的形容词或分词, 名词等类别词名词中心词。根据规则, 选项A正确。20. 单选题In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned.There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force, and there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both side who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violenceas if it were a legitimate solution, like any other, what is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all.We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed and the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. But enforcement! If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos,at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is undermined by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social program. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around US. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of