2022年考博英语-安徽大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解34

2022年考博英语-安徽大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Would you please（ ）on your second point?问题1选项A.indicateB.elaborateC.precedeD.count【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项indicate“表明；指出”；B选项elaborate“精心制作；详细阐述”；C选项precede“领先；高于”；D选项count“认为；算数”。句意：能不能对你的第二个要点进行？对第二个要点还没有领会理解，需要进一步做解释。因此B选项符合题意。2. 翻译题61. American scientists have for the first time taken stem cells from human embryos that are genetic copies of living people. The goal is to create better treatments for disease. But the work has raised ethical concerns about making genetic copies or cloning. Cloning a human being is illegal in more than twelve states. Most scientists have rejected it, but some medical researchers are performing what is called “therapeutic cloning” to try to fight disease. Still that method is banned in seven states.62. One state where “therapeutic cloning” is not banned is Oregon that is where researchers at Oregon Health & Science University in Portland were able to put human DNA into modified human eggs: thus they produced embryos that were genetically the same as the people who had donated their DNA.63. The stem cells taken from the embryos which can be developed into any tissue in the body are called “master cells”. Scientists have already known how to use chemicals to cause master cells to develop into any tissue in the body.64. The idea is that doctor could use tissue created this way to replace diseased organs. The new body tissue would be a genetically match of the person receiving it and there would be no danger that the patients body would reject the new tissue which can happen with normal transplants.The scientists believed the stem cells could give doctors a new way to treat Parkinsons diseasea degenerative movement disorder. They believe they could use this genetic material or DNA from a skin cell of someone with Parkinsons disease to create a personalized treatment.Alta Charo is a bioethicist at the University of Wisconsin Law School, she believes it is too soon to say, whether the use of embryonic stem cells for personalized medicine would become common. Scientists could in fact find other less controversial sources of stem cells; however, she supports the use of stem cells to treat disease.65. She said, “I think that would argue for using them. I think there are moral obligations to people who are here among us, who are sick and in need, trans-political concerns and public relations, and perception problems around the very earliest first two or three days worth of development of an embryo-like entity.”The researcher on the cloning of human embryos to harvest stem cells was published in the journal “Cell”.【答案】61. 美国科学家首次从基因复制的人体胚胎中提取出干细胞，其目标是为了创造更好的治疗办法。但这项成果引发了关于基因复制或克隆的伦理担忧。62. 俄勒冈州是未禁止“治疗性克隆”的州之一。该州波特兰市的俄勒冈健康与科学大学的研究人员能够将人类DNA植入经过改良的人类卵子中，由此制成的人类胚胎和捐助DNA者在遗传基因上相一致。63. 从胚胎中提取的干细胞，能够被培育成任何人体组织，被称为“万能细胞”。科学家们懂得如何利用化学物质使万能细胞发育成任何人体组织。64. 这种想法是医生能够使用这种途径制成的人体组织来替代病变器官。这种新的人体组织和接受移植者在遗传基因上相匹配，不会发生病人身体抗拒新组织的危险，而正常移植往往会存在这种风险。65. 我认为利用它会引发争论，我认为，对于我们当中的人来说，对于那些生病和需要帮助的人，对于跨政治的关注和公共关系，以及对于胚胎样实体最初两三天的发展所产生的认知问题，都是有道德义务的。3. 单选题He doesnt drive yet, but he wants（ ）.问题1选项A.the own carB.the car of his ownC.an own carD.a car of his own【答案】D【解析】考查own和冠词的用法。own用作代词时是限定代词，用在所有格之后，强调某事物的个人所有或私人性质；需要和of连用。因此可以排除AC选项，句中的车是泛指，并非特指，可排除B选项，句意：他还不会开车，但他想要一辆自己的车。故选D。4. 单选题The service operates 15 libraries throughout the country, while six（ ）libraries specially serve the countryside.问题1选项A.mobileB.driftingC.shiftingD.rotating【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项mobile“可移动的，易变的”；B选项drifting“漂流的；飘动的”，一般是指由风或者水飘动着；C选项shifting“不断移动的，不断变化的”，也可以变换形态；D选项rotating“旋转的”。句意：这项服务管理全国15所图书馆，其中6所图书馆专为农村地区服务。这里的形容词修饰的是后面的libraries图书馆。移动图书馆有专业术语为mobile library，因此A选项符合题意。5. 单选题A healthy life is frequently thought to be（ ）with the open countryside and homegrown food.问题1选项A.tiedB.boundC.involvedD.associated【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项tied“系”；B选项bound“弹回；限制”；C选项involved“涉及；包括”；D选项associated“联系”。句意：健康的生活往往被认为与空旷的野外和自家的食物有。A healthy life“健康的生活”与the open countryside and homegrown food“空旷的野外和自家的食物”是有关联的。A，B，C选项均不与with搭配使用，可排除。be tied to“束缚于；捆绑于”；be bound to“必定会”；be involved in“涉及；陷入”；be associated with“与有关联”；因此D选项符合题意。6. 单选题The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only international organization dealing with the global rules of trade between nations. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible.The result is assurance. Consumers and producers know that they can enjoy secure supplies and greater choice of the finished products, components, raw materials and services that they use. Producers and exporters know that foreign markets will remain open to them. The result is also a more prosperous, peaceful and accountable economic world. Decisions in the WTO are typically taken by consensus among all member countries and they are approved by members parliaments. Trade friction is channeled into the WTOs dispute settlement process where the focus is on interpreting agreements and commitments, and how to ensure that countries trade policies conform with them. That way, the risk of spites spilling over into political or military conflict is reduced. By lowering trade barriers, the WTOs system also breaks down other barriers between peoples and nations.At the heart of the system-known as the multilateral (多边的) trading system-are the WTOs agreements, negotiated and signed by a large majority of the worlds trading nations, and approved in their parliaments. These agreements are the legal ground-rules for international commerce. Essentially, they are contracts, guaranteeing member countries important trade rights. They also bind governments to keep their trade policies within agreed limits to everybodys benefit. The agreements were negotiated and signed by governments. But goal is to improve the welfare of the peoples of the member countries.26. In the last paragraph, the world “bind” could best be replaced by（ ）.27. Member countries can enjoy all the assurance except（ ）.28. Trade conflict among member countries can be handled（ ）.29. Which of the following statements is not true about WTO agreements?30. The author writes this passage to（ ）.问题1选项A.restrictB.connectC.stickD.fasten问题2选项A.greater choice of raw material and finished productsB.security of buying and sellingC.foreign market entranceD.greater choice of components and services问题3选项A.by lowering trade barriersB.by avoiding political or military conflictC.according to WTOs dispute settlementD.guaranteeing member countries important trade rights问题4选项A.They must be adopted by member countries.B.They must be authorized by members parliaments.C.They must be negotiated and signed by a large majority of trading countries.D.They can ensure that countries trade policies conform with others.问题5选项A.give a brief introduction to WTOB.teach people how to enter into WTOC.show people the advantage of entering WTOD.exemplify the prosperity WTO will bring people【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】26. 词义推测题。定位在文章的最后一段They also bind governments to keep their trade policies within agreed limits to everybodys benefit.（它们还要求各国政府将贸易政策限制在一致同意的范围内，以惠及所有人。）within agreed limits在一致同意的范围内，这个范围是特定的，也是有界限的。由此A选项“限制；限定”正确。B选项“连接；联合”，C选项“坚持；伸出”，D选项“扣紧，抓住”均不符合题意，故选A。27. 客观细节题。定位在第二段第二句Consumers and producers know that they can enjoy secure supplies and greater choice of the finished products, components, raw materials and services that they use.（消费者和生产者知道，他们可以享受安全的供应和对他们使用的成品、部件、原材料和服务有更多的选择。A选项“更多原材料和成品选择”，B选项“买卖的安全性”，D选项“更多组件和服务的选择”都包括在内。C选项“国外市场入口”并未提及，故选C。28. 客观细节题。由关键词conflict“冲突”定位在第二段Trade friction is channeled into the WTOs dispute settlement process（贸易摩擦由世界贸易组织协调解决）说明贸易摩擦是由世贸组织来进行协调解决的。由此可知C选项“根据世贸组织的争端解决机制”正确。A选项“贸易堡垒”，B选项“避免政治或军事冲突”，D选项“保障成员国重要的贸易权利”，A，B，D选项与贸易摩擦无关，故选C。29. 推理判断题。定位在文章第三段的第一句At the heart of the system-known as the multilateral(多边的) trading system-are the WTOs agreements, negotiated and signed by a large majority of the worlds trading nations, and approved in their parliaments.（世贸组织的协定是被称为多边贸易体系的制度的核心，世贸组织的协定由世界上大多数贸易国谈判和签署，并在其议会中获得批准。）A选项“它们必须为成员国所采纳”，B选项“它们必须得到成员议会的授权”，C选项“它们必须由绝大多数贸易国协商和签署”，A，B，C选项都包含在世贸组织协定内。D选项“它们能确保国家贸易政策符合其他国家的贸易政策”，定位在第二段Trade friction is channeled into the WTOs dispute settlement process where the focus is on interpreting agreements and commitments, and how to ensure that countries trade policies conform with them.（贸易摩擦由世界贸易组织协调解决，协调过程主要是解决签订的协议和应尽的义务，并且如何确保成员国遵守相应的贸易政策.）由此可知，能确保国家贸易政策符合其他国家的贸易政策是由WTOs dispute settlement process来达成的，并非WTO agreement。故选D。30. 主旨大意题。WTO（世贸组织）是一个处理国家间贸易规则的唯一国际机构，其核心是尽可能确保贸易顺畅、自然和自由地运行以及它的协议。本文主要介绍了世贸组织的功能、作用和影响，所以A选项“世贸组织的简要介绍”正确。B选项“教人们如何加入世贸组织”在文中并未提及。C选项“向人们展示加入世贸组织的好处”只是一部分陈述，概括不了全文。D选项“举例说明世贸组织给人们带来的繁荣”，文中举例部分较少，较为片面。故选A。7. 单选题There were two small rooms in the beach house,（ ）served as a kitchen.问题1选项A.the smaller of whichB.the smallest of whichC.the small of themD.the smallest of that【答案】A【解析】考查比较级的使用。最高级表示三者或者三者以上事物的比较，两者中的比较应选用比较级，故可排除BD使用了最高级的选项。同理可排除C选项，使用原级不构成比较。句意：海滨别墅里有两间小房间，较小的那间用作厨房。故选A。8. 单选题Since there was no place to take shelter, we got（ ）in the sudden downpour in no time.问题1选项A.stainedB.soakedC.sprayedD.sticky【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项stained“玷污的”；C选项sprayed“被喷成雾状的”；D选项sticky“粘性的”。句意：由于没有地方躲避，我们立即被突然而至的倾盆大雨了。可根据关键词downpour倾盆大雨，和前面的no place进行联想猜测。B选项soaked“湿透的”更符合语境。故选B。9. 单选题（ ）, although he had done nothing to be proud of, John began to swell out his chest and show off.问题1选项A.FavoredB.FrustratedC.FraudedD.Flattered【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项Favored“支持；偏袒”；B选项Frustrated“挫败；阻挠”；C选项Frauded“作假”；D选项Flattered“奉承；恭维”。句意：当他被的时候，尽管并没有做出什么值得骄傲的事情，约翰仍然开始挺胸炫耀。根据关键信息nothing to be proud of“没什么值得骄傲的地方”，但他的反应却是show off“炫耀的”，由此可知，约翰是被人奉承了。因此D选项符合题意。10. 单选题Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business worlds favorite academic title; the MBA (Master of Business Administration).The MBA, a 20th-century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature.But even with the recession apparently cutting into the hiring of business school graduates, about 79,000 people are expected to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the wide spread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to run companies some day.“If you are going into the corporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have one,” said Donald Morrison, professor of marketing and management science. “But in the last five years or so, when someone says, Should I attempt to get an MBA, the answer a lot more is: It depends.”The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught.The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree holders.The article called MBA hires “extremely disappointing” and said “MBAs want to move up too fast, they dont understand politics and people, and they arent able to function as part of a team until their third year. But by then, theyre out looking for other jobs.”The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness.Enrollment in business schools exploded in the 1970s and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursued a business career could do without one. The growth was fueled by a backlash against the anti-business values of the 1960s and by the womens movement.Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees of ten know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. “They dont get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business”, said James Shaffer, vice-president and principal of the Towers Perrin management consulting firm.38. It seems that the controversy over the value of MBA degrees had been fueled mainly by（ ）.39. What is the major weakness of MBA holders according to the Harvard Business Review?40. From the passage we know that most MBAs（ ）.41. What is the passage mainly about?问题1选项A.the complaints from various employersB.the success of many non-MBAsC.the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplinesD.the poor performance of MBAs at work问题2选项A.They are usually self-centered.B.They are aggressive and greedy.C.They keep complaining about their jobs.D.They are not good at dealing with people.问题3选项A.can climb the corporate ladder fairly quicklyB.quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmatesC.receive salaries that do not match their professional trainingD.cherish unrealistic expectations about their future问题4选项A.Why there is an increased enrollment in MBA programs.B.The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools.C.Doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree.D.A debate held recently on university campuses.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C【解析】38. 客观细节题。定位到第五段The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught.（比尔盖茨和其他非MBA毕业生如Wal-Mart连锁店的Sam Walton的成功，在商校校园里引起了有关工商学位的价值和管理技能是否可以通过教育获得等问题的自发讨论。），由此可知是由许多非MBA人士的成功促使了对MBA学位的价值的争论，因此B选项“非MBA人士的成功”正确，符合题意。A选项“来自不同雇主的投诉”，C选项“来自纯粹学科的科学家的批评”，D选项“MBA人士在工作中的糟糕表现”，均与题意不符，故选B。39. 客观细节题。定位在第七段MBAs want to move up too fast, they dont understand politics and people, and they arent able to function as part of a team until their third year.（MBA 雇员太急于升职，他们不了解政治情况和人，直到第三年才能够适应团队工作。）和最后一段的but are not so skillful at motivating people.（但是并不善于激励人）因此D选项“他们不善于与人打交道”正确，符合题意。A选项“他们通常以自我为中心”，B选项“他们好斗又贪婪”，C选项“他们不断抱怨自己的工作”，信息都过于负面，与题意不符。故选D。40. 客观细节题。定位在文章的第八段The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness.（大部分参加辩论的人认为，问题的关键是MBA获得者得到的是超越实际重要性和作用的未来财富和权利的光环。）可知很多MBA人士对未来抱有不切实际的期望，因此D选项“对他们的未来抱有不切实际的期望”正确，符合题意。A选项“能很快地爬上公司的阶梯”，B选项“一旦和同事熟悉了就辞职”，C选项“得到的工资与其专业培训不符”。A，B，C选项在文中均未提及，可排除。故选D。41. 主旨大意题。本文围绕“MBA学位的价值”展开叙述，阐述了MBA兴起和兴盛，比尔盖茨和其他非MBA毕业生的成功，在商校校园里引起了有关工商学位的价值和管理技能是否可以通过教育获得等问题的自发讨论，并且分析了MBA获得者们的问题和劣势。因此C选项“对获得MBA学位的价值的怀疑。”正确，符合题意。A选项“为什么MBA项目的注册人数增加了”，B选项“商学院MBA项目改革的必要性”，D选项“一场最近在大学校园举行的辩论”都不是文章的主要内容，故选C。11. 单选题While I was reading in the sun, a drowsy feeling（ ）over me, so I had to go back into the house.问题1选项A.climbedB.creptC.crawledD.rose【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项climbed“爬；攀登”；B选项crept“爬行；蔓延”；C选项crawled“爬行；匍匐行进”；D选项rose“上升；起立”。句意：当我在阳光下看书时，一阵昏昏欲睡的感觉向我，所以我不得不回到屋里。睡意向我袭来，让我不得不回到屋内。A选项是及物动词，不与介词搭配，可排除。同理可排除D选项。B选项creep over意为“悄悄来袭”，符合句意。C选项主要用来形容人匍匐前行，而句中的主语是a drowsy feeling，可排除。故选B。12. 单选题In my eyes, the old generation is always（ ）.问题1选项A.economicB.costlyC.expensiveD.thrifty【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项economic“经济的；经济学的”；B选项costly“昂贵的；代价高的”；C选项expensive“昂贵的”；D选项thrifty“节检的；节约的”。句意：在我眼里，老一辈总是的。关键词the old generation老一辈的消费观偏向于节约。故选D。13. 单选题The Bank of China is interested in how much money is in（ ）in the economy.问题1选项A.circleB.circulationC.expenseD.rotation【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项circle“圈子；圈出”，不与介词in搭配；B选项circulation“流通；传播”，in circulation“在流通的”，常与货币的流通有关；C选项expense“损失；代价”，固定搭配为at the expense of“以为代价”；D选项rotation“旋转；循环”，指物品的旋转。句意：中国银行对经济中有多少货币在流通感兴趣。此处指的是与货币的流通有关。故选B。14. 单选题The gym has equipped with various pieces of weight-lifting（ ）.问题1选项A.apparatusB.applianceC.gaugeD.implement【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项apparatus“装置；设备”；B选项appliance“器具；器械”；C选项gauge“计量器；容量规格”；D选项implement“工具；器具”。句意：这个健身房有各种举重。apparatus一般可用为所有设备的总称。appliance侧重指家用机器或设备，尤指家用电器。implement原指史前人类所用的工具，现在多指农用工具，也可指为实现某个任务所需的工具或器具。地点是健身房，关键信息various pieces of“各种类型的”，在句中缺少对举重设备的一个总的概括。因此A选项符合题意。15. 单选题It was so scorchingly hot that the water droplets falling on it didnt stay at all. They just（ ）.问题1选项A.evacuatedB.evaporatedC.eliminatedD.escaped【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项evacuated“疏散；撤出”；B选项evaporated“蒸发；消失”；C选项eliminated“消除；排除”；D选项escaped“逃离；逃脱”。句意：天这么热，掉下来的水滴一点儿都没留下，都了。水滴在阳光的炙热下会蒸发掉。因此B选项符合题意。16. 单选题At the age of twelve years, the human body is at its most vigorous. It has yet to reach its full size and strength, and its owner his or her full intelligence, but at this age the likelihood of death is least. Earlier, we were infants and young children, and consequently more vulnerable; later, we shall undergo a progressive loss of our vigor and resistance which, though imperceptible at first, will finally become so steep that we can live no longer, however well we look after ourselves, and however well society, and our doctors, look after us.This decline in vigor with the passing of time is called ageing. It is one of the most unpleasant discoveries which we all make that we must decline in this way, that if we escape wars, accidents and disease we shall eventually “die of old age”, and that this happens at a rate which differs little from person to person, so that there are heavy odds in favor of our dying between the ages of sixty-five and eighty. Some of us will die sooner, a few will live longeron into a ninth or tenth decade. But the chances are against it, and there is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, however lucky and robust we are.Normal people tend to forget this process unless and until they are reminded of it. We are so familiar with the fact that man ages, that people have for years assumed that the process of losing vigor with time, of becoming more likely to die the odder we get, was something self-evident, like the cooling of a hot kettle or the wearing out of a pair of shoes. They have also assumed that all animals, and probably other organisms such as trees, or even the universe itself, must in the nature of things “wear out”.Most animals we commonly observe do in fact age as we do, if given the chance to live long enough; and mechanical systems like a wound watch, or the sun, do in fact run out of energy in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics (热力学)(whether the whole universe does so is a moot point at present). But these are not analogous to what happens when man ages. A run-down watch is still a watch and can be rewound. An old watch, by contrast, becomes so worn and unreliable what it eventually is not worth mending. But a watch could never repair itselfit does not consist of living parts, only of metal, which wears away by friction. We could, at one time, repair ourselveswell enough, at least, to overcome all but the most instantly fatal illnesses and accidents. Between twelve and eighty years we gradually lose this power, an illness which at twelve would knock us over, at eighty can knock us out, and into our grave. If we could stay as vigorous as we are at twelve, it would take about 700 years for half of us to die, and another 700 for the survivors to be reduced by half again.36. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?37. The word “it” in the last sentence of Paragraph Two refers to（ ）