2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解47

2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题 ）the afternoon.问题1选项A.regainedB.recoveredC.restoredD.revived【答案】A【解析】句意:股票交易市场上的股票在早上大幅下跌，但在下午却小幅上涨。考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。regain 恢复,收回（不及物动词）上涨；recover 恢复,弥补,重新获得；restore 恢复,还原;revive 复兴,苏醒,恢复精祌。根据前面句意以及表转折的but可知A符合句意。2. 单选题After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof, which was（ ）.问题1选项A.leakingB.tricklingC.prominentD.noticeable【答案】A【解析】句意:大雨过后，叫来一位建筑工人修理在漏水的房顶。考查形容词辨析。leaking渗漏的，泄漏的(leak的现在分词)；trickling trickle(滴，细细地流，慢慢地移动)的现在分词；prominent 突出的，显著的，杰出的，卓越的；noticeable显而易见的，显著的，值得注意的。因此A符合句意。3. 单选题Fertilizer, natural substance or mixture is used to（ ）soil so as to promote plant growth.问题1选项A.enactB.enlargeC.encloseD.enrich【答案】D【解析】句意:肥料、自然物质或混合物被用来使土地肥沃,以促进植物生长。考查动词辨析。Enact 通过(法律),扮演,担任角色; enlarge扩大,扩充,扩展; enclose围绕,放入封套; enrich使充实,使肥沃,使富足。故D符合句意。4. 单选题She decided to（ ）her studies after obtaining her first degree.问题1选项A.recognizeB.pursueC.accomplishD.ensure【答案】B【解析】句意:在取得她的第一个学位后,她决定继续她的学业。考查动词辨析。recognize 识别,承认;pursue 继续,从事,追赶; accomplish 完成,实现,达到;ensure 保证,确保,使安全。因此B符合句意。5. 单选题The incident（ ）press interest. Reporters from several newspapers came to interview him.问题1选项A.purchasedB.producedC.provokedD.processed【答案】C【解析】句意:这个事件引起了新闻界的兴趣。数家报社的记者前来采访他。考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。Purchase购买,贏得; produce生产;制造;生长; provoke激怒,煽动,引起; process加工,处理;审阅,审核。故C符合句意。6. 单选题Although the main characters in the fiction are so true to life, they are certainly（ ）.问题1选项A.imaginingB.imaginativeC.imaginableD.imaginary【答案】D【解析】句意:尽管这部小说中的主要人物如此贴近生活，但是他们确实是虚构的。考查形容词辨析。imagining (imagine的现在分词)猜想，臆断； imaginative 虚构的，富于想象的，有创造力的;imaginable 可能的，可想象的；imaginary 虚构的，想象的。根据句意“尽管这部小说中的主要人物如此贴近生活”可知D符合句意。7. 单选题In the United States, older people rarely live with their adult children. But in many other cultures children are expected to care（1）their aged parents. In some parts of Italy, the percentage of adult children who（2） with their parents（3）65 to 70 percent. In Thailand, too, children are expected to care for their elderly parents; few Thai elderly live（4）.What explains these differences in living arrangements（5）cultures? Modernization theory（6） the extended family household to low levels of economic development. In traditional societies, the elderly live with their children in large extended family units for economic reasons. But with modernization, children move to urban areas, leaving old people（7）in (8) rural areas. Yet modernization theory cannot explain why extended family households were never common in the United States or England, or why families in Italy, which is fully modernized,（9）a strong tradition of intergenerational living. Clearly, economic development alone cannot explain（10）living arrangements.Another theory associated intergenerational living arrangements with inheritance patterns. In some cultures, the stem family pattern of inheritance（11） . （12）this system, parents live with a married child, usually the oldest son, who then（13）their property when they die. The stem family system was once common in Japan, but changes in inheritance laws, (14) broader social changes brought（15） by industrialization and urbanization, have（16）the（17）. In 1960 about 80 percent of Japanese over 65 lived with their children; by 1990 only 60 percent dida figure that is still high（18）U.S. standards, but which has been（19）steadily. In Korea, too, traditional living arrangements are（20）: the percentage of aged Koreans who live with a son declined from 77 percent in 1984 to 50 percent just 10 years later. Although most elderly Koreans still expect to live with a son, their adult children do not expect to live with their children when they grow old.问题1选项A.aboutB.afterC.forD.over问题2选项A.resideB.reciteC.redeemD.rebel问题3选项A.amassesB.amountsC.attainsD.reaches问题4选项A.loneB.aloneC.lonesomeD.lonely问题5选项A.overB.acrossC.withinD.above问题6选项A.associatedB.linkedC.unitedD.combined问题7选项A.asideB.afterC.overD.behind问题8选项A.isolatedB.segregatedC.idealizedD.secluded问题9选项A.maintainB.promoteC.reserveD.support问题10选项A.appointedB.assignedC.preservedD.preferred问题11选项A.controlsB.overtakesC.predominatesD.overwhelms问题12选项A.atB.underC.byD.over问题13选项A.deliversB.conveysC.conceivesD.inherits问题14选项A.as well asB.might as wellC.as wellD.well as问题15选项A.offB.upC.aroundD.about问题16选项A.underminedB.decreasedC.diminishedD.defeated问题17选项A.authorityB.usageC.habitD.tradition问题18选项A.byB.onC.withD.in问题19选项A.incliningB.recliningC.decliningD.reducing问题20选项A.recedingB.removingC.invadingD.eroding【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B第6题:B第7题:D第8题:A第9题:A第10题:D第11题:C第12题:B第13题:D第14题:A第15题:D第16题:A第17题:D第18题:A第19题:C第20题:D【解析】1.固定搭配。Care about 担心,关心;care for 照顾；没有care after 和care over这样的搭配。2.动词辨析。Reside 居住在,定居于; recite背诵,叙述；redeem 赎回,挽回；rebel 反叛,反抗。此处表示“与住在一起”,故选A。3.动词辨析。amass 积聚，积累；amount 总计，合计；相当于，共计，amount to 相当于，总共达到;attain （通过努力）获得，达到（目的）；reach 达到，影响，抵达，伸出；由空格后“65 to 70 percent (65%至70%)”可知D符合句意。4.形容词辨析。lone（adj.）单身的，独自的，寂寞的；alone （adj.）独自的，单独的，孤独的；（adv.）独自地，单独地；lonesome 寂寞的，人迹稀少的；lonely 寂寞的，偏僻的。空格前为动词live(生活),因此空格处应为副词。故选B。5.固定搭配。across culture 跨文化的。其余选项为: over 越过，在之上；within 在之内；above 超过，在上面。6.短语辨析。associate 联想，使联合，使发生联系，常与介词with搭配，associate with 联合；与联系在一起，和来往；link 连接起来，将人或物连接或联系起来，常与介词to搭配，link to 链接到，把和联系起来;unite 使混合，使联合，使团结，常与with搭配。unite with 联合，混合；combine 使化合，使联合，使结合，常与with搭配，combine with 与结合。题目中空格处与后面介词to搭配,因此选B。7.短语辨析。由空格前句意“但是由于现代化,子女搬到城市地区”可知这里表示“从而将老年人留在了农村”。Leave behind 留下。其余选项构成的搭配为:leave aside 搁置,不考虑;leave after 无此搭配;leave over 推迟,延期。8.形容词辨析。isolated 孤立的,分离的,单独的；segregated 被隔离的（常用于种族隔离）；idealized 理想化的；secluded 隐蔽的,隐退的,隐居的。此处句意为:但是由于现代化，子女搬到城市地区,将老人留在了孤立的农村。因此A符合句意。、9.动词辨析。maintain 维持,维修,主张;promote 促进,推销,发扬;reserve储备,保留,预约;support支持,支撑,赡养。此处句意为:或者为什么彻底现代化的意大利家庭仍然保持着一种强烈的代际生活传统。因此A符合句意。10.形容词辨析。appointed 约定的,指定的;assigned 指定的,已分配的;preserved得到保存的,腌制的;preferred 更可取的,更喜欢的。此空前一句句意为: 或者为什么彻底现代化的意大利家庭仍然保持着一种强烈的代际生活传统。因此此处表示 “显然,单靠经济发展不能解释更喜欢的生活安排”。故D符合句意。11.动词辨析。四个选项均是对应动词的三单形式。control 控制,管理;overtake 赶上,突然来袭;predominate 占支配地位,主宰;overwhelm 淹没,压倒,受打击。根据后面句子中的“The stem family system was once common in Japan(这种继承式的家庭体系曾经在日本是普遍的)”可知C符合句意。12.固定搭配。under this system 在这个体系下。13.动词辨析。这里表示“继承遗产”。四个选项均为对应动词的三单形式。Deliver 交付,发表,递送;convey 传达,运输;conceive 构思,以为;inherit 继承。故选D。14.固定搭配。由全格前“changes in inheritance laws继承法的变化”与全格后“broader social changes更广泛的社会变化”的对应知这里指代“更广泛的社会变化也”,故选A。15.短语辨析。这里指代 “工业化和城镇化所带来的更广泛的社会变化”, bring about 带来。其他选项分别为: bring off 完成,救出;bring up提出,养育,呕出,（船等）停下;bring around 使信服;使转向,使复原。16.动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。undermine破坏，渐渐破坏;decrease 减少,减小;diminish 使减少,使变小;defeat 战胜,挫败。空格后句意为: 在1960年，大约80%的年龄超过65岁的日本人与自己的子女生活在一起；到1990年时只有60%年龄超过65岁的日本人与自己的 子女生活在一起,因此这里表示“传统正受到逐渐破坏”,故A符合句意。17.名词辨析。authority 权威,权力;usage 使用,用法;habit 习惯,习性;tradition 惯例,传统。空格后句意为: 在1960年，大约80%的年龄超过65岁的日本人与自己的子女生活在一起；到1990年时只有60%年龄超过65岁的日本人与自己的 子女生活在一起,因此这里表示“传统正受到逐渐破坏”,故D符合句意。18.固定搭配。by standard 按标准。19.动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。incline 倾斜,倾向,易于;recline 靠,依赖;decline 减少,下降,衰落;reduce削减,缩减。由空格后句子句意“韩国老人与自己儿子生活在一起的比例从1984年的77%下降到仅十年后的50%”可知C符合句意。20.动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。recede撤回,减弱;remove 移动,迁移,删除;invade 侵略,侵扰,涌入;erode 腐蚀,损害,削弱。由空格后句意“韩国老人与自己儿子生活在一起的比例从1984年的77%下降到仅十年后的50%”可知这里表示 “传统的生活安排正受到损害”。故D符合句意。8. 单选题These books are both interesting and instructive, no wonder they（ ）the reading public.问题1选项A.appeal toB.apply toC.approve ofD.ascend to【答案】A【解析】句意:这些书既有趣又有教育意义，难怪它们对广大读者有吸引力。考查短语辨析。appeal to 呼吁，上诉，对有吸引力；apply to适用于，应用于；approve of 赞成；ascend to 上溯，上升。根据前半句句意“这些书既有趣又有教育意义”可知A符合句意。9. 单选题Going into the dining room where the banquet was given last night, I can see the（ ）are still on the table.问题1选项A.remainsB.relicsC.remnantsD.surplus【答案】A【解析】句意:走进昨晚举行宴会的餐厅后，我能看到剩余的饭菜依然在桌上。考查名词辨析。四个选项均为对应名词的复数形式。remain 遗迹，剩余（物），残骸；relics 遗物，纪念物；remnant 剩余（主要的部分被使用后的剩余），遗迹；surplus 剩余 （指超过需要数量之外的剩余），贸易顺差，盈余。因此A符合句意。10. 单选题A terrible traffic accident happened; people were saddened when they watched the（ ）sight on TV.问题1选项A.panicB.patrioticC.patheticD.periodic【答案】C【解析】句意:一起惨不忍睹的交通事故发生了，当在电视上看到这个悲惨的场景时，人们是难过的。考查形容词辨析。panic恐慌的，惊慌失措的；patriotic 爱国的;pathetic 可怜的，令人同情的，悲惨的；periodic 周期的，定期的。根据前半句句意“一起惨不忍睹的交通事故发生了”可知C正确。11. 单选题A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United State as settlement spread ever farther westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of a safe, affective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1860 there were thousands of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines.The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental system. In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific. The Government helped the railroads generously with money and land. Actual work on this project began four years later. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor, while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to cover a greater distance than the other. In 1869 they met at aplace called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the great achievement.The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It also helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to one another, it helped unify the United States.1. The major problems with Americas railroad system in the middle I9lh century lay in（ ）.2. The building of the first transcontinental system（ ）.3. The best title for this passage would be（ ）.4. The construction of the transcontinental railroad took（ ）.5. What most likely made people think about a transcontinental railroad?问题1选项A.poor quality rails and unreliable stopping systemsB.lack of financial support for developmentC.limited railroad linesD.lack of a transcontinental railroad问题2选项A.brought about a rapid growth of industry and farming in the westB.attracted many visitors to the construction sitesC.attracted laborers from EuropeD.encouraged people to travel all over the country问题3选项A.Settlements Spread WestwardB.The Coast-to-Coast Railroad: A Vital LinkC.American Railroad HistoryD.The Importance of Trains in the American Economy问题4选项A.9 yearsB.7 yearsC.4 yearsD.3 years问题5选项A.The possibility of government support for such a task.B.The need to explore Utah.C.The need to connect the east coast with the west.D.The need to develop the railroad industry in the west.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出: The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of a safe, affective stopping system (最严重的问题是建设能承重的铁轨和开发安全、有效的（火车）制动系统),由此可知A项“质量差的铁轨和不可靠的制动系统”正确。2.细节事实题。最后一段指出: The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It also helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets (在鼓励西进运动方 面,铁路（即美国的第一个横贯大陆的铁路）非常重要。它通过运输原材料和快 速地把产品分配到更远的市场也帮助加强了工业和农业（的发展）),由此可知A项 “带来了西部工业和农业的快速发展”正确。3.主旨大意题。第一段提出:火车成为了美国陆地交通的最好方式,第二段讲述美国第一条横贯大陆铁路系统的修建。因此B项 “横贯大陆的铁路:重要的连接”适合作文章标题。4.判断推理题。第二段指出: In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific (1862年,国会授权两家西部铁路公司建设从内布拉斯加州往西和从加利福尼亚州往东到一个汇聚点的铁路线,以便完成一条连接大西洋 沿岸和太平洋地区的横贯大陆的铁路线),以及: Actual work on this project began four years later (这个工程的实际工作在4年后开始),以及: In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah, many visitors came there for the great occasion (1869年,他们在如今犹他州一个名为普罗蒙特里的地方相遇,很多游客为了这伟大的吋刻而去那里),由此可知横贯大陆的铁路线建设时间为18661869年,供3年,故选D。5.判断推理题。第二段指出: so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific (以便完成一条连接大西洋沿岸（即文中指代的美国东海岸）和太平洋地区（即文中指代的美国西部）的横贯大陆的铁路线),故选C“需要连接东海岸和西部”。12. 单选题One of the most influential literary figures of the twentieth century was American authorGertrude Stein. Her literary style and vision was often a radical departure from traditional methods, which relied on a more linear plotline. Instead, Stein focused on language itself by employing methods of repetition and spontaneity in an attempt to mirror human consciousness. But, Steins influence did not stop with her writing. As an expatriate in Paris, she was responsible for bring some of the greatest minds in ai t and literature together at her apartment, Salon 27. The Spanish painter Pablo Picasso and American writer Ernest Hemingway were two frequent visitors. Indeed, Stein was the one who coined the phrase “Lost Generation” to denote up-and-coming American writers living in Paris at the time mainly due to their disillusionment with art as a whole back home. While Gertrude Stein may not be the most recognizable figure in literature, her personal and literary influence on artists was invaluable.Stein began living in Paris in 1903. Eventually, her flat. Salon 27. became a center of intellectual exchange for writers and artists. Before long, she became an integral part of the artistic and literary scene in the city and befriended numerous important figures, such as Picasso and Matisse. They would meet there weekly, where they could expound on new theories of art, philosophy, literature, politics, and social issues in the stimulating, productive environment provided by Stein. Without Steins Salon 27, it is quite possible that many of the artists and writers of the day never would have crossed paths, and the individual disciplines would not have become as diverse or fully developed as they eventually did. These interactions also became a major inlluence on Steins own literary style.Stein became enamored with Picassos cubist style, and, as a result, many of his earliest works adorned the walls of her apartment. But they were not simply decorative. Cubism attempts to reduce the subject from its natural form into an abstract, geometrical shape capable of numerous angles of perception. In a similar fashion, Stein attempted to interpret cubism through literature and writing. Like cubist painters, Stein wrote in a style that took into consideration every possible angle of her subject matter. She wanted to give readers the opportunity to view her work on many different levels, not just a single, flat surface. But, unlike the cubists vho relied on formal structure to some degree，Stein took it a step further and placed less emphasis on formal writing structures such as grammar and syntax and focused more on what she called “automatic” language, which was spontaneous and repetitive and relied more on the spoken word.In many ways, Steins writing mirrors the chaotic, detached atmosphere of post-World War I Paris, yet it also marks the moment when literature began to leave the nineteenth century behind in favor of a more modernist style of imagination and innovation. It is also a clear precursor of stream of consciousness, which dominated writing styles during the rest of the twentieth century in America. While Stein was able to capitalize on artistic renditions of life and translate them into literature, other artists benefited from her willingness to reject the accepted traditions and create her own. For instance, Hemingways style in many of his early novels is clearly influenced by Stein.1. The authors description of Gertrude Stein mentions which of the following?2. The author discusses “Salon 27” in the second paragraph in order to（ ）.3. According to the third paragraph, Stein followed the cubist style because（ ）.4.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in the third paragraph?5. According to the last paragraph, Steins style is a product of the era because（ ）.问题1选项A.She was originally from Paris and later moved to the U.S.B.Her writing style was centered on a structured plotline.C.She attempted to focus on the linguistic side of writingD.Her work was quite controversial due to its extreme nature问题2选项A.illustrate its relevance as a place of artistic interaction of the timeB.note it is where the painters Matisse and Picasso first met one anotherC.indicate it was an inadequate place for such great minds to mingleD.show that artists of the day lacked a meeting place at which to gather问题3选项A.it focused on the geometric forms inherent in most subject matterB.it gave her a way to present her reader with various perspectivesC.it was the simplest form with which to interpret and understand her workD.it shunned the secondary parts in favor of the major parts of art问题4选项A.The spontaneity of automatic language, rather than the grammar and syntax stressed formal writing structures, was central to Steins work.B.The structure of Steins work, in terms of its emphasis on formal writing structures and automatic language, followed the structure of the cubists to some degree.C.The repetition of grammar and syntax made Steins writing more unique than that of the cubists, who focused on automatic language in their works.D.The formality of Stein, due in part to its emphasis on grammar and syntax, was much greater than that of the cubist artists.问题5选项A.it translates the sentiment of Europeans during a time of reconstructingB.it is more imaginative and innovative than anything the world had seenC.it continues the former structural traditions present before World War 1D.it rejects the past and is fashioned out of the sentiment of post-war Europe【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。A:她起初来自巴黎，后来搬到了美国,第一段提到“As an expatriate in Paris作为在巴黎的移居国外者”,因此A不正确。B:她的写作风格专注于结构性的情节主线,C:她试图去专注于写作的语言方面。第一段指出: Her literary style and vision was often a radical departure from traditional methods, which relied on a more linear plotline. Instead, Stein focused on language itself by employing methods of repetition and spontaneity in an attempt to mirror human consciousness (她的文学风格和视觉经常偏离依赖更线型情节主线的传统方式，取而代之的是，在试图去反映人的意识的过程中，她通过利用重复和自发性的方式来专注语言本身)。由此可知C项正确,B项不正确。D:她的作品因极端而极具争议性,文章并未提及。因此答案为C。2.作者意图题。第二段指出:They would meet there weekly, where they could expound on new theories of art, philosophy, literature, politics, and social