2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解37

2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题I understand your hobby is photography and Ive got a job that（ ） interest you in mycompany.问题1选项A.mayB.canC.mightD.could【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词。这四个选项中表示的可能性由大到小依次为can could may might。can表示一般和理论上的可能性；could表示“能力”或“可能性”，并且表示比较委婉客气地提出问题或表达看法；may表示一种可能性；might表示的可能性极小。前半句“我知道你的兴趣是摄影”这是一种事实，这份工作之间让他对公司感兴趣存在可能性。故A项正确。2. 单选题He might have been killed（ ）the arrival of the police.问题1选项A.except forB.but forC.withD.for【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。but for“要不是，如果没有”；except for“除了以外”。句意：要不是警察来了，他可能已经被杀了。might have been killed是对过去的推测，故B项正确。3. 单选题Walter Anderson_ the Horatio Alger Society the same year I did.问题1选项A.joins the ranks ofB.join the rank ofC.joined the rank ofD.joined the ranks of【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. joins the ranks of 成为的一员 B. join the rank of 加入的阶层C. joined the rank of 加入了的阶层 D. joined the ranks of 成为了的一员【考察点】固定搭配。【解题思路】根据句意，这个人应该是加入了某个团体组织的成员。所以用ranks of，表示加入了（团体或组织的成员）。句中the same year I did是一个时间状语，I did 做时间状语中的定语，因此该句应该为过去式。所以选D【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后进行搭配。【句意】沃尔特安德森在我加入的同一年加入了霍雷肖阿尔杰协会。4. 单选题The two surfaces（ ）to each other and we couldnt get them apart.问题1选项A.stuckB.clungC.coheredD.adhered【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。stick“粘住，贴有粘着剂而变得固定”，stick to 坚持；cling“紧抓”；cohere“凝结，粘着”；adhere to“粘附，指被吸力或胶水粘住”。句意：这两个面粘在一起了，我们不能把它们分离。故D项符合题意。5. 单选题Remember that only a few of the living things that are produced can live. In general, thoselive that are best fitted for living（ ）they do.问题1选项A.whereB.whatC.whyD.how【答案】A【解析】考查语法。where引导定语从句，即those live that are best fitted for living where they do (will live).句意：记住只有少数被生产出来的生物才能生存。一般来说，只有那些生活在最适合它们生活的地方的生物才能生存。6. 不定项选择题Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, orindependently of any coursesimply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldnt take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.1.According to the passage, scientific subculture means _.2.We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because _.3.The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who _.4.According to this passage, _.5.This passage most probably is _.问题1选项A.cultural groups that are formed by scientistsB.people whose knowledge of science is very limitedC.the scientific communityD.people who make good contribution to science问题2选项A.it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientistsB.science affects almost every aspect of our lifeC.scientists live in a specific subcultureD.it is easier to understand general characteristics of science问题3选项A.are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about scienceB.are good at producing various gadgetsC.work in a storehouse of dried factsD.want to have a superficial understanding of science问题4选项A.English is a sexist languageB.only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidlyC.women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our languageD.male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists问题5选项A.a book reviewB.the preface of a bookC.the postscript of a bookD.the concluding part of a book【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.【选项释义】According to the passage, scientific subculture means _. 根据文章，科学亚文化意味着 _。A. cultural groups that are formed by scientists A. 由科学家组成的文化团体B. people whose knowledge of science is very limited B. 那些科学知识非常有限的人C. the scientific community C. 科学社区D. people who make good contribution to science D. 对科学有贡献的人【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息词scientific subculture可定位到Para.1第三句，该处讲到“亚文化（subculture）是科学家生活的地方”。可以推断科学亚文化就是一个社区。故C项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“由科学家组成的文化团体”，属于无中生有；B选项“那些科学知识非常有限的人”属于无中生有；D选项“对科学有贡献的人”属于无中生有。2. 【选项释义】We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because _. 我们需要了解科学的结构和运作，因为 _。A. it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists A. 要理解那些使科学家激动和沮丧的事情是不容易的B. science affects almost every aspect of our life. B. 科学影响着我们生活的方方面面C. scientists live in a specific subculture C. 科学家生活在一个特定的亚文化中D. it is easier to understand general characteristics of science D. 这样更容易理解科学的一般特征【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息词science affects aspect of our life可定位到Para.1第二句，该处讲到“由于它几乎涉及我们生活的方方面面，受过教育的人至少需要对它的结构和运作有所了解。（Since it touches almost every facet of our life）”。这里的it指代上一句中的science，即科学涉及到方方面面。比对选项，B选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“要理解那些使科学家激动和沮丧的事情是不容易的”，文中提到如果一个人知道那些使科学家激动不已和灰心丧气的东西，就比较容易理解科学的一般特征以及具体的科学概念。该选项偷换概念;C选项“科学家生活在一个特定的亚文化中”，属于无中生有；D选项“这样更容易理解科学的一般特征”，文中讲到如果一个人知道那些使科学家激动不已和灰心丧气的东西，才会比较容易理解科学的一般特征。这里属于张冠李戴。3. 【选项释义】The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who _. 这篇文章中提到的书是为那些 _ 的读者。A. are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about science A. 聪明的大学生和不懂科学的外行B. are good at producing various gadgets B. 擅长生产各种小玩意（的人）C. work in a storehouse of dried facts C. 在干巴巴的事实仓库里工作（的人）D. want to have a superficial understanding of science D. 想要对科学有一个肤浅的理解（的人）【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到Para.2第一句，该处明确表示这本书是为那些对科学了解肤浅的聪明的学生或外行而写的（for the intelligent student or lay person）。比对选项，A选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“擅长生产各种小玩意（的人）”，属于无中生有；C选项“在干巴巴的事实仓库里工作（的人）”，属于无中生有；D选项“想要对科学有一个肤浅的理解（的人）”，文中说到的是学生和外行而写，他们对科学的认识肤浅。而不是想要对科学有肤浅认识的人写。这里属于偷换概念。4. 【选项释义】According to this passage, _. 根据文章，_。A. English is a sexist language A. 英语是一种隐含性别歧视的语言B. only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly B. 只有在科学领域，女性的作用才迅速增加C. women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language C. 妇女正在为消除我们语言的不足作出重大贡献D. male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists D. 男性名词或代词不应该用来指代科学家【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】Para.3中可知我们用男性的名词代指未指明的人（uses male nouns or pronouns），为了消除这种歧视，我们采取了措施。也就是说我们不应该用男性名词或代词指未指明的人，其中也包含科学家。比对选项，D选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“英语是一种隐含性别歧视的语言”，文中只是说随着越来越多的妇女进入传统上由男子主导的领域并做出重大贡献，这一人口已成为社会各阶层中明显趋势的一部分。然而，在讨论这些变化和贡献时，我们面对的是一种隐含性别歧视的语言。A选项过度推断；B选项“只有在科学领域，女性的作用才迅速增加”，文中提到越来越多的女性进入科学领域。B选项属于无中生有；C选项“妇女正在为消除我们语言的不足作出重大贡献”，文中提到越来越多的妇女进入传统上由男子主导的领域并作出重大贡献。并没说在消除语言不足方面。C选项无中生有。5. 【选项释义】This passage most probably is _. 这一段很可能是 _。A. a book review A. 一个书评B. the preface of a book B. 一本书的序言C. the postscript of a book C. 一本书的附言D. the concluding part of a book D. 书的结尾部分【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据Para.2“这本书是为而写”（This book is written for）以及最后一段“我们还努力使这本书既有娱乐性又有知识性（tried to make the book entertaining）”可知这篇文章是一个序言。【干扰项排除】A选项“一个书评”，如果是书评的话会写书的好处或者坏处；C选项“一本书的附言”，如果是附言，则会进行补充说明；D选项“书的结尾部分”，书的结尾应该会对整本书进行一个结论说明。A、C、D均不正确。7. 单选题The microscope can（ ）the object 100 times in diameter.问题1选项A.magnifyB.increaseC.developD.multiply【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。magnify“放大，扩大”；increase“增加”；develop“发展，开发”；multiply“增加，繁殖”。句意：显微镜可以把一个物体的直径放大一百倍。A项符合题意。8. 单选题According to recent U.S. Statistics Yearbook, Americans spends 16 billion a year on credit cards and there are already 590 million in（ ）.问题1选项A.preparationB.communicationC.administrationD.circulation【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。preparation“预备，准备”；communication“交流，沟通”；administration“管理”；circulation“流通，传播，发行量”。句意：根据最近的美国统计年鉴，美国人每年花在信用卡上的钱达到160亿美元，目前已有5.9亿张信用卡在流通中。in circulation “在流通中”为固定搭配。故D项符合题意。9. 不定项选择题President Arling has put his long-awaited economic restructuring program before the Congress. It provides a coordinated program of investment credits, research grants, educational reforms, and tax changes designed to make American industry more competitive. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years. The most liberal wing of the Presidents party has called for stronger and more direct action. They want an incomes policy to check inflation while Federal financing helps rebuild industry behind a wall of protective tariffs. The Republicans, however, decry even the modest, graduated tax increases in the Presidents program.They want tax cuts and a more open market. They say if Federal money has to be injected into the economy, let it through defence spending.Both these alternatives ignore the unique nature of the economic problem before us. It is not simply a matter of markets or financing. The new technology allows vastly increased production for those able to master it.But it also threatens those who fail to adopt it with permanent second-class citizenship in the world economy. If an industry cannot lever itself up to the leading stage of technological advances, then it will not be able to compete effectively. If it cannot do this, no amount of government protectionism or access to foreign markets can keep it profitable for long.Without the profits and experience of technological excellence to reinvest, that industry can only fall still further behind its foreign competitors.So the crux is the technology and that is where the Presidents program focused. The danger is not that a plan will not be passed, it is that the ideologues of right and left will distort the bill with amendments that will blur its focus on technology. The economic restructuring plan should be passed intact.If we fail to restructure our economy now, we may not get a second chance.1. The focus of the Presidents program is on_.2. What is the requirement of the most liberal wing of the Democratic-party?3. What is the editors attitude?4. The danger to the plan lies in _.5. The passage is _.问题1选项A.investmentB.economyC.technologyD.tax问题2选项A.They want a more direct action.B.They want an incomes policy to check inflation.C.They want to rebuild industry.D.They want a wall of protective tariffs.问题3选项A.Support.B.Distaste.C.Disapproval.D.Compromise.问题4选项A.the two parties objectionB.different idea of the two parties about the planC.its passageD.distortion问题5选项A.a reviewB.a prefaceC.an advertisementD.an editorial【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1. 【选项释义】The focus of the Presidents program is on _. 总统项目的重点是_。A. investment A. 投资B. economy B. 经济C. technology C. 技术D. tax D. 税收【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息focus of the Presidents program可定位到倒数第二段第一句，该处讲到“所以关键是技术（the crux is the technology），这也是总统项目的重点所在”因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“投资”，是总统计划中涉及到的部分但并不是关键，属于本末倒置；B选项“经济”，范围太广，太笼统，属于本末倒置；D选项“税收”，是总统计划中的一部分但也不是关键，属于本末倒置。2. 【选项释义】What is the requirement of the most liberal wing of the Democratic-party? 民主党中最自由派的要求是什么？A. They want a more direct action. A. 他们想要一个更直接的行动。B. They want an incomes policy to check inflation. B. 他们想要一个收入政策来遏制通货膨胀。C. They want to rebuild industry. C. 他们想重建工业。D. They want a wall of protective tariffs. D. 他们想要保护性关税壁垒。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到Para. 1第四句，该处讲到“总统政党中最自由的一派呼吁采取更有力、更直接的行动（stronger and more direct action）”。因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“他们想要一个收入政策来遏制通货膨胀”，属于行动中的一部分，该选项以偏概全；C选项“他们想重建工业”，属于行动中一部分，该选项以偏概全；D选项“他们想要保护性关税壁垒”也是该行动中的一部分，以偏概全。3. 【选项释义】What is the editors attitude? 编者的态度是什么？A. Support. A. 支持。B. Distaste. B. 厌恶。C. Disapproval. C. 反对。D. Compromise. D. 妥协。【考查点】观点态度题。【解题思路】文中作者在Para. 4第二句中说到“如果一个行业不能把自己提升到技术进步的领先阶段，那么它就不能有效地竞争”。也就是说作者赞同新计划，发展新技术。同时他还强调了新技术在未来发展的作用。作者在最后一段又提到“如果我们现在不能重组我们的经济，我们可能不会有第二次机会。”，综合理解可以推测出作者的态度是支持的。因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“厌恶”、C选项“反对”、D选项“妥协”不符合原文作者的观点，属于无中生有。4. 【选项释义】The danger to the plan lies in _. 这个计划的危险在于_。A. the two parties objection A. 双方的反对意见B. different idea of the two parties about the plan B. 双方对这个计划有不同的看法C. its passage C. 它的通过D. distortion D. 扭曲；曲解【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息danger to the plan可定位到倒数第二段第二句，该处讲到“危险（The danger）不在于一项计划无法通过，而在于左右翼的理论家将通过修正案歪曲该法案（distort the bill with amendments），从而模糊其对技术的关注。”。比对选项，D选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“双方的反对意见”，属于无中生有；B选项“双方对这个计划有不同的看法”，属于无中生有；C选项“它的通过”，通过解题思路可知文中明确提到“危险（The danger）不在于一项计划无法通过”，为反向干扰。5. 【选项释义】The passage is _. 这篇文章是_。A. a reviewA. 一篇回顾B. a preface B. 一篇前言C. an advertisement C. 一则广告D. an editorial D. 一篇社论【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据文章内容可知，该文章是作者对美国经济计划的客观描述。这是对大事件的报道。editorial表示报纸上的一篇重要文章，表达编辑对某条新闻或某一问题的看法， 因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“一篇回顾”，指回想过去发生的事情。而该文章描述的是一个经济计划，因此属于无中生有；B选项“一篇前言”，指写在书或者文章前的序言或导言，该篇文章是一个陈述并非引导，属于无中生有；C选项“一则广告”，广告应该要宣传什么，不符合文章内容，属于无中生有。10. 单选题The Wallenstein study indicates that even after a decade young men and women still experience some of the effects of a divorce（ ）.问题1选项A.that occurred when a childB.that occurred when they were childrenC.that has occurred as each was a childD.occurring when children【答案】B【解析】考查语法。分析句子成分可知空格处所填成分为定语，when引导时间状语从句。句意：瓦伦斯坦的研究表明，即使过了十年，年轻男女仍然会受到父母离婚的影响，这些离婚是在他们还是孩子时发生的。B项符合题意。11. 单选题If you keep on overworking yourself, your health will（ ）.问题1选项A.degenerateB.deteriorateC.degradeD.deform【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。degenerate“使退化，恶化，堕落”；deteriorate “恶化”；degrade“贬低，使丢脸”；deform“使变形，使成畸形”。句意：如果你继续过度工作，你的健康状况会变坏。B项符合题意。12. 单选题The exam would finish at 11:30, we still have 10 minutes _ before we hand in our paper.问题1选项A.in handB.in caseC.in the name ofD.in the way【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. in hand 在手头；在进行中 B. in case万一；假使C. in the name of 以的名义 D. in the way 妨碍；挡道【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】根据句意，前半句表示考试将在十一点半结束，空格前表示我们还有十分钟，空格后为交卷前，引申含义为我们还有十分钟交卷，即卷子在手中还有十分钟。因此选A。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】考试将在11点半结束，在交卷之前我们还有10分钟。13. 单选题The company researched the market demand and decided to _ their new product.问题1选项A.launchB.inventC.conveyD.conflict【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. launch发射（导弹、火箭等）；推出 (新产品) B. invent发明C. convey 传达；运输 D. conflict 冲突；抵触【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据market demand和new product两个短语的逻辑可知：因为有了市场需求，所以推出新产品。A选项launch“推出”符合句意。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】这家公司研究了市场需求，决定推出新产品。14. 单选题Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy and stagnation, too much conflict leads to divisiveness and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way.Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for not-for-profit organizations.Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict.Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision making in their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial indicators.In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.1.In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is（ ）.2.Professor Charles R. Schwenks research shows（ ）.3.We can learn from Schwenks research that（ ）.4.The passage suggests that in for-profit organizations（ ）.5.People working in a not-for-profit organization（ ）.问题1选项A.wrongB.oversimplifiedC.misleadingD.unclear问题2选项A.the advantages and disadvantages of conflictB.the real value of conflictC.the difficult in determining the optimal level of conflictD.the complexity of defining the roles of conflict问题3选项A.a persons view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organizationB.conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit organizationsC.different people resolve conflicts in different waysD.it is impossible for people to avoid conflict问题4选项A.there is no end of conflictB.expression of different opinions is encouragedC.decisions must be justifiableD.success lies in general agreement问题5选项A.seem to be difficult to satisfyB.are free to express diverse opinionsC.are less effective in making decisionsD.find it easier to reach agreement【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.观点态度题。由第二段“Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. 然而，Charles R. Schwenk教授最近的研究表明，确定冲突的最佳水平可能比这些简单的概括要复杂得多。”可知作者认为公众对于冲突的理解过于简单。故B项正确。2.细节事实题。由“R