2022-2023年考博英语-首都师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第29期

2022-2023年考博英语-首都师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题After the examination, the doctor （ ）a prescription for me.问题1选项A.wrote outB.wrote inC.wrote downD.wrote off【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。 write out “写出，写下”；write in“写信提出（要求）”； write down写下，记下；write off 勾销，取消。句意：医生给我检查完身体后，迅速给我开了处方。此句句意为写出处方。答案A2. 翻译题Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong，have governed my lifethe longing for love，the search for knowledge, and the unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair. I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasyecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of living for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves lonelinessthat terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss.I have sought it finally，because in the union of love I have seen the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, at last. I have found.One fairly common reason is that parents overindulge their children out of a sense of guilt. Parents who both hold down full-time jobs may feel guilty about the amount of time they spend away from their children and may attempt to compensate by showering them with material possessions. Other parents overindulge because they want their children to have everything they had while growing up, along with those things the parents yearned for but didnt get. Still others are afraid to say no to their childrens endless requests for toys for fear that their children will feel unloved or will be ridiculed if they dont have the same playthings their friends have.The British are the most voracious newspaper readers in the world. They read newspapers at breakfast: they walk to the bus reading a newspaper: they read newspaper on the bus, as they go to work: and on the way back home, after work, they are engrossed in an evening newspaper. There are many morning papers, both national and provincial. The most famous is The Times. Contrary to what many foreigners believe, this is not a government newspaper. The various newspapers usually have their own views on politics, but they are not organs of the political parties. Bold headlines and a variety of photographs are features of British press. Some newspapers, such as the sober Daily Telegraph and the Times, use photographs sparingly. The more “popular” newspapers, such as the Daily Mail, and the Sun, use pictures extensively.【答案】（1）对爱的渴望，对知识的追求，对人类苦难的难以承受的同情，是支配我一生的单纯而强烈的三种感情。（2）我最终找到了爱，因为在爱的结合中，我看到了古今圣贤以及诗人们所梦想的天堂，这正是我所追寻的人生境界。虽然它对一般的人类生活也许太美好了，但这正是我透过爱情所得到的最终发现。（3）全职工作的父母可能会为自己许多时间不在孩子的身边而感到内疚，从而可能通过给孩子买大量东西来补偿。（4）英国人是世界上最如饥似渴的读者。在吃早饭时，在去赶公交车的路上，在去上班的公交车上他们都读报，而在下班回家的路上，他们会全神贯注地读晚报。（5）不同的报纸通常有自己的政治观点，但他们不是政治党派的人。醒目的标题和各种各样的照片是英国新闻界的特色。3. 单选题Everyone has a moment in history, which belongs particularly to him. It is the moment when his emotions achieve their most powerful sway over him. and afterward when you say to this person “the world today” or “life” or “reality”，he will assume that you mean this moment, even if it is fifty years past. The world, through his unleashed emotions, imprinted itself upon him, and he carries the stamp of that passing moment forever.For me, this momentfour years in a moment in history一was the war. The war was and is reality for me, I still instinctively live and think in its atmosphere. These are some of its characteristics: Franklin Delano Roosevelt is the president of the United States, and he always has been. The other two eternal world leaders are Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin. America is not, never has been, and never will be what the song and poems call it, a land of plenty.Nylon, meat, gasoline, and steel are rare. There are too many jobs and not enough workers. Money is very easy to earn but rather hard to spend, because there isnt very much to buy. Trains are always late and always crowded with “service men. The war will always be fought very far from America, and it will never end. Nothing in America stands still for very long, including the people who are always either leaving or on leave. People in America cry often. Sixteen is the key and crucial and natural age for a human being to be, and people of all other ages are ranged in an orderly manner ahead of and behind you as a harmonious setting for the sixteen-year-olds of the world. When you are sixteen, adults are slightly impressed and almost intimidated by you. This is a puzzle finally solved by the realization that they foresee your military future: fighting for them. You do not foresee it. To waste anything in America is immoral. String and tinfoil are treasures, Newspapers are always crowed with strange maps and names of towns, and every few months the earth seems to lurch from its path when you see something in the newspapers, such as the time Mussolini, who almost seemed one of the eternal leaders, is photographed hanging upside down on a meat hook.1.Which statement best depicts the main idea of the first paragraph?2.The author still clearly remembers the war because（ ）.3.Which statement best describes the authors feelings about the war?4.The author thinks that adults are impressed with sixteen-year-olds because（ ）.问题1选项A.Reality is what you make of it.B.Time is like a river.C.Emotions are powerful.D.Every person has a special moment.问题2选项A.Franklin Delano Roosevelt was President.B.it was his personal reality and part of his life.C.there was not much to buyD.the war would never end.问题3选项A.It was ever real for him, yet he was not actively involved.B.It was real for him because he was a soldier at that time.C.It was very unreal to him.D.The war was very disruptive to the people at home.问题4选项A.adults would like to be youngB.sixteen-year-olds do not waste thingsC.sixteen-year-olds read newspapersD.they will be fighting soon for adults.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。由第一段第一句“Everyone has a moment in history, which belongs particularly to him. 每个人都有属于自己的历史时刻。”后文提到了一场战争，因为在该战争中有属于作者的历史时刻。答案D第2题:细节事实题。由第二段“For me, this momentfour years in a moment in historywas the war. The war was and is reality for me, I still instinctively live and think in its atmosphere. 对我来说，四年的历史时刻是战争。对我来说，战争过去和现在都是现实，我仍然本能地在战争的氛围中生活和思考。”可知B项“战争对作者来说是个人经历也是生活的一部分”正确，答案B。第3题:判断推理题。根据第二段第二句“The war was and is reality for me, I still instinctively live and think in its atmosphere. 对于我来说，战争过去和现在都是真实的，我仍然本能地想起和生活在那种环境里。”A项“战争对于作者来说是真实的，尽管他没有积极投身战争中。”符合题意。答案A第4题:细节事实题。由第三段“When you are sixteen, adults are slightly impressed and almost intimidated by you. This is a puzzle finally solved by the realization that they foresee your military future: fighting for them. 当你16岁时，成年人会对你有轻微的印象，甚至会被你吓倒。他们预见到你们的军事未来，最终解决了这个难题：为他们而战。”可知成年人对16岁的孩子有印象是因为他们期待16岁的人能够为他们而战。故D项正确。答案D4. 单选题Because of the severe drought, the government has urged people to be（ ）with water.问题1选项A.economicB.thriftyC.cautionsD.economical【答案】B【解析】考查近义词辨析。 economic经济的；thrifty节约的，节省的；caution谨慎的，十分小心的； economical经济的，节约的。由句中“severe draught 严重旱灾”可知政府号召人们节约用水，不要浪费水。句意：由于那场严重的旱灾，政府号召人们节约用水。故答案B5. 单选题In general, matters which lie entirely within state borders are the （ ）concern of state government.问题1选项A.extinctB.excludingC.excessiveD.exclusive【答案】D【解析】考查形近词辨析。extinct “灭绝的，熄灭的”； excluding “排除，除外”；excessive “过多的，极度的”； exclusive“独有的，排外的”。句意：通常来讲，关于国家边境的问题都是政府尤为重视的。D项符合句意，答案D6. 单选题This is the （ ）piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.问题1选项A.actualB.genuineC.realD.original【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。actual “实际存在的”；genuine “真实的”；real “真实的，实在的”； original “原创的，原来的”。句意：那位作曲家就是在这台钢琴上创作出了他最伟大的作品。D项符合句意，答案D7. 单选题Technology has（ ）the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.问题1选项A.formulatedB.furnishedC.functionedD.facilitated【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。formulated 构想出，用公式表示；furnished供应，装备； functioned运行，行使职责； facilitated 促进，帮助。句意：科技促进了信息的分享和存储以及信息的传递，进而使得更多的信息为更多人所用。D项符合句意，答案D。8. 单选题Some scientists are dubious of the claim that organisms （ ）with age as an inevitable outcome of living.问题1选项A.depressB.defaultC.deteriorateD.degrade【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。depress “压抑，使沮丧”； default“不履行，拖欠”； deteriorate “恶化，变坏”；degrade“退化，使降级”。句意：有机物随时间流逝而退化，这也是生命不可避免的结果，一些科学家对此表示怀疑。D项符合题意，答案D9. 单选题When it comes to teaching（ ）, many parents believe that if they teach their children and treat them kindly, the kids will know how to behave.问题1选项A.mentalityB.moralityC.complicatedD.majority【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。mentality 心理，智力；morality道德，品行，美德；complicated 复杂的； majority 多数。句意：说到道德教育，许多家长相信如果他们温和地教育孩子，对待孩子，孩子们就知道如何守规矩了。下文提到的内容属于道德品行范畴，故B项符合题意。答案B10. 单选题Since John has such an （ ）to flying, I am certain that he will not want to go to Britain with us.问题1选项A.aviationB.aviatorC.aversionD.avocation【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。aviation “航空，飞行术”； aviator “飞行员”； aversion “厌恶，反感”；avocation “副业，业余爱好”。句意：既然约翰那么讨厌乘飞机，那我可以肯定他将不会愿意和我们一起去英国。根据前后句关系可知答案C11. 单选题The morning news says a school bus（ ）with a train at the junction and a group of policemen were sent there immediately.问题1选项A.crashedB.collidedC.bumpedD.struck【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。crash “坠毁、撞坏”；collide “碰撞、抵触、冲突”， 常与with搭配；bump “碰撞、撞击”，常与into连用；strike “打击、罢工、猛击”。句意：据新闻报道，一辆校车在交叉路口与一列火车相撞，警察立即抵达事故现场。B项能与with搭配，故答案B12. 单选题As the old man lay dying he kept （ ）the experiences of his boyhood in Africa.问题1选项A.complaining ofB.entering intoC.rambling aboutD.turning up【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。 complaining of 抱怨，埋怨； entering into 进入； rambling about 漫步，闲逛，闲聊； turning up 调大音量，出现。句意：在老人的弥留之际，他不断闲聊起他童年时在非洲的经历。C项符合句意，答案C13. 单选题This document is （ ）unless it is officially stamped.问题1选项A.invalidB.acuteC.deliberateD.confidential【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。 invalid “无效的”；acute “严重的”；deliberate “故意的”； confidential “机密的，保密的”。句意：这份文件除非有官方盖章，否则就是无效的。由后半句unless 这个条件可知A项正确。14. 单选题Many of the inventions that made people（ ）and have determined the direction of American industry were related to agriculture and food production.问题1选项A.affluentB.abundantC.sufficientD.bankrupt【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。affluent富裕的，丰富的； abundant 充裕的，丰富的； 用来形容物。 sufficient足够的，充足的； bankrupt破产的。 句意：许多使人民生活富足并且决定了美国产业发展方向的发明都与农业和食品生产有关。由inventions可知发明都是为了让人类的生活更好，故可推知这些发明使人民生活富足。答案A15. 单选题With keen（ ） , convincing facts and a global angle, the author vividly recorded a brilliant page of the great Chinese revolution.问题1选项A.inspectionB.intellectualC.intentionD.insight【答案】D【解析】考查形似词辨析。inspection 检查，检验； intellectual 智力的，有才智的； intention 意图； insight 洞察力，洞悉。句意：通过敏锐的洞察力、有说服力的事实和全球化的视角，作者生动地记录了中国革命伟大辉煌的一页。空格处应填一个名词，首先排除B项。再根据句意可知D项最合适。答案D16. 单选题An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a （1）education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is（2） 一 required by law. It is not simply to（3） everyones job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. But this was not always the case; before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain（4） it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped（5） nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimistic characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is（6） to be educated. Computer-education advocates （7） this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook.（8） on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computer-education advocates often（9） the job prospects of graduates over their educational （10）.问题1选项A.informalB.basicC.technicalD.expensive问题2选项A.differentlyB.universallyC.converselyD.regularly问题3选项A.formB.consistC.ariseD.raise问题4选项A.yearB.ageC.dayD.extent问题5选项A.inB.atC.byD.with问题6选项A.fitB.responsibleC.suitableD.able问题7选项A.considerB.forgetC.forsakeD.foretell问题8选项A.EncounteringB.BankingC.DevisingD.Seeking问题9选项A.emphasizeB.encourageC.engageD.enlarge问题10选项A.academyB.positionC.degreeD.achievement【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C第6题:A第7题:C第8题:B第9题:A第10题:D【解析】第1题:考查形容词辨析。由空前的“aims at getting a student a certain kind of job”知 C项正确。 informal 非正式的； basic 基本的； technical技术的；expensive昂贵的。答案选C第2题:考查副词辨析。differently不同地；universally普遍地；conversely相反地；regularly定期地，有规律地。 此处意为普及教育，故答案选B第3题:考查动词辨析。form形成；consist由 组成； arise出现；raise提高。 此处意为提升得到工作的机会（提升工作前景）答案选D第4题:考查名词辨析。 由attend school可知此处指“到了一定的上学年龄”。答案选B第5题:考查固定搭配。 by nature 天生地，生性，答案选C第6题:考查固定搭配。responsible负责的；suitable合适的。此处意为：适合教育。 be fit to 适应，适合。 答案选A第7题:考查动词辨析。 consider认为，考虑；forget忘记；forsake放弃，断念；foretell预言，预示。由 “for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. 用与他们乐观外表相悖的悲观情绪来替代。”可知此处指代放弃了乐观的想法，故C项正确。第8题:考查固定搭配。bank on “依靠；依赖”知B项正确。第9题:考查动词辨析。由上文可知计算机支持者放弃了乐观的想法及the job prospects of graduates over可知计算机支持者重视就业，emphasizeover 更重视。答案选A第10题:考查名词辨析。academy学院； position位置，职位； degree程度，等级； achievement成就。对比可知 D项符合句意。句意：计算机教育倡导者重视就业前景而非教育成就。答案选D。17. 单选题Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children （ ）a violent act previously seen on television.问题1选项A.modifyingB.duplicatingC.acceleratingD.stimulating【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。modify “修改，更正”；duplicate “复制”；accelerate“使加快”； stimulate“刺激，鼓舞”。句意：最近，媒体对儿童模仿电视上的暴力行为事件进行了大量报道。B项符合句意，答案B18. 单选题There is no beer left and the pubs are shut so youll have to （ ）it.问题1选项A.go forB.go throughC.go offD.go without【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。go for “主张，拥护”； go through“仔细检查”； go off “离开，进行”； go without “没有”。句意：这里没有啤酒了，且酒吧也关门，所以你没有啤酒喝了。由上下文语义可知D项正确。答案D19. 单选题At first everything went well with the project but recently we have had a number of （ ）with the machinery.问题1选项A.disturbancesB.setbacksC.outputsD.distortions【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。disturbance “干扰，骚乱”； setback“挫折，顿挫”； output“输出，产出” ；distortion “变形，扭曲”。句意：开始时，工程进展还算顺利，但是最近机器出现了一些问题。由but可知前后为转折关系，再根据句意可知答案B20. 单选题The use of sound is widespread as （ ）of animal communicate on.问题1选项A.a meansB.waysC.a toolD.signals【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。a means方法，手段；ways方法，道路，方向； a tool工具； signal信号，标志。句意：声音被广泛地用作动物交流的手段。由is 单数可直接排除B项与D项；声音应该是动物交流的一种手段而不是工具。答案A