2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解31

2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题There are over 6,000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography, and another trains pilots. Others train the player in logical thinking and problem solving. Some games may also help people to become more computer literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era.But the dark side of the computer games has becomes more and more obvious. “A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language,” says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. “Unfortunately, its a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged eight to fifteen. ”One study showed that almost 80 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred contained violence. The investigators said “These are not just games anymore. These are learning machines. Were teaching kids in the most incredible manner what its like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences.”They also said “The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because they have better graphics and allow the players to participate in even more realistic violent acts.” In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33,000 people by the time all levels are completeD.A description of the outcome of the game says: “Your victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield; they also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them.”Is all this stimulated violence harmful? Approximately 3,000 different studies have conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who already have violent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent games still play a contribution role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising?1. According to one study, most computer and online games_.2. What does the word “dismember” in Paragraph 4 mean?3. Many studies have suggested that_.4. The author uses “television advertising” as an example to illustrate that_.5. The best title for passage is_.问题1选项A.allow the players to take part in killing actsB.that young people like involve violenceC.teach the players to be antisocialD.make the players forget the real life results问题2选项A.To cut somebody into piecesB.To kick somebody outC.To dismiss somebodyD.To stab a knife into somebody问题3选项A.more and more young people appreciate cruel computer gamesB.there are now far more incidents of violence due to computer gamesC.violence in computer games makes their player more aggressiveD.simulated violence in computer games is different from real life问题4选项A.other factors must be considered as possible causes of violence in real lifeB.there is a close link between computer games and increasingly growing violence in real lifeC.computer and online games are not the only cause of increased violence in realityD.the commercial world is contributing to the increased violence in reality问题5选项A.The Development of Violent Computer GamesB.A study on the Influence of Computer and Online GamesC.The Dark Side of Computer and Online GamesD.Computer and Online GamesAdvantages and Disadvantages【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到原文第二段“A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language.” says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. 中文翻译为：国家媒体与家庭研究所所长大卫沃尔什说，部分游戏以暴力、性和粗俗语言为反社会主题。A选项 “允许玩家参与杀戮行为”可排除。B选项 “年轻人喜欢使用暴力” 可排除。D选项“让玩家忘记现实生活的结果”可排除。C选项“教导玩家要反社会”最符合题意。因此C选项正确。2.词义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段中最后一句“you can also dismember them.” 中文翻译为：你也可以肢解它们。B选项“把某人赶出去” 排除。C选项“解雇某人” 不符合题意。D选项 “用刀刺某人”也可排除。由此可知A选项“把某人切成碎片”正确。3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段 “Approximately 3,000 different studies have conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.” 中文翻译为：大约有3000个不同的研究在这个问题上进行。许多人认为游戏中的暴力行为和玩家攻击性的增强之间存在联系A选项 “越来越多的年轻人喜欢残酷的电脑游戏”不符合题意，故排除。B选项“现在有更多的暴力事件是由于电脑游戏”不符合题意，故排除。C选项“电脑游戏中的暴力使玩家更具攻击性”符合题意。因此C选项正确。D选项 “电脑游戏中的模拟暴力不同于现实生活”不符合题意，故排除。4.作者意图题。根据题干关键词“television advertising”定位到原文第六段 “If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising?”，中文翻译为：如果这是真的，为什么商业世界每年要花费数十亿美元在电视广告上。联系上下文，D选项“现实中，商业世界正在助长暴力的增加”最符合题意，因此选项D正确。A选项“其他因素也必须被认为是现实生活中暴力的可能原因”不符合题意，故排除。B选项“电脑游戏和现实生活中日益增长的暴力之间有着密切的联系”不符合题意，故排除。C选项“电脑和网络游戏并不是现实中暴力增加的唯一原因”不符合题意，故排除。5.判断推理题。A选项“The Development of Violent Computer Games”暴力电脑游戏的发展，文章不仅仅讲暴力游戏的发展，故A选项排除。B选项“计算机和网络游戏的影响研究”，文章对于计算机并未提及，故B选项排除。C选项“电脑和网络游戏的黑暗面”，在文章第一段也讲述了网络游戏的益处，故C选项排除。D选项“电脑和网络游戏的优点和缺点”最符合题意，故选D。2. 单选题Many scientists remain skeptical about the value of this research program.问题1选项A.consciousB.doubtfulC.noveltyD.obscure【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 conscious “意识到的；故意的；神志清醒的”；B选项 doubtful “可疑的；令人生疑的；疑心的；不能确定的”；C选项 novelty “新奇；新奇的事物；新颖小巧而廉价的物品”；D选项 obscure “昏暗的，朦胧的；晦涩的，不清楚的；隐蔽的；不著名的，无名的”。句意：许多科学家对这个研究项目的价值仍持怀疑态度。结合此处关键词 skeptical “怀疑的”，得知B选项正确。3. 单选题In 1517 a German monk, Martin Luther, challenged certain Catholic teachings and renounced his obedience to the papacy.问题1选项A.announcedB.followedC.deniedD.proclaimed【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项announced “宣布；宣称”；B选项followed “跟着；听从；继承”；C选项denied“ 拒绝；拒签”；D选项 proclaimed“正式宣布”。句意：1517年，一位德国修道士马丁路德挑战了某些天主教教义，宣布放弃对教皇的服从。结合此处关键词 challenged “挑战”，可排除选项B，C选项不符合题意，也可排除。A选项虽有“宣布”的意思，但不够正式，根据句意，推测马丁路德的宣布内容应更为正式，得知D选项正确。4. 单选题The French word renaissance means rebirth. It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians, all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 1450-1600. The concept of rebirth was appropriate to this period of European history because of the renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture that began in Italy and then spread throughout Europe. Scholars and artists of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries wanted to restore the learning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human as opposed to spiritual-values. Fulfillment in lifeas opposed to concern about an afterlifebecame a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on.Artists and writers now turned to secular as well as religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing. These changes in outlook deeply affected the musical culture of the Renaissance periodhow people thought about music as well as the way music was composed, experienced, discussed, and disseminateD.They could see the architectural monuments, sculptures, plays, and poems that were being rediscovered, but they could not actually hear ancient musicalthough they could read the writings of classical philosophers, poets, essayists, and music theorists that were becoming available in translation. They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example, the influential religious leader Bernardino Cirillo expressed disappointment with the learned music of his time. He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors, painters, architects, and scholars who had rediscovered ancient art and literature.The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques. Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half-though at different rates in different countriesthat we cannot define a single Renaissance style.1. What is the passage mainly about?2. What does the author mean by using the word eventually in Para.1?3. It can be inferred from the passage that thinkers of the Renaissance were seeking a rebirth of _.4. According to the passage, Renaissance artists and writers had all of the following intentions EXCEPT _.5. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a reason for the absence of a single Renaissance musical style?问题1选项A.The musical compositions that best illustrate the developments during the European RenaissanceB.The musical techniques that were in use during the European RenaissanceC.The European Renaissance as a cultural development that included changes in musical styleD.The ancient Greek and Roman musical practices used during the European Renaissance问题2选项A.That music historians used the term “Renaissance” after the other historians didB.That most music historians used the term “Renaissance”C.The term “Renaissance” became widely used by art historians but not by music historiansD.That music historians used the term “Renaissance” very differently than it had been used by Jules Michelet问题3选项A.communication among artists across EuropeB.spirituality in everyday lifeC.a cultural emphasis on human valuesD.religious themes in art that would accompany the traditional secular themes问题4选项A.to use religious themesB.to portray only the pleasant parts of human experienceC.to produce art that people would find attractiveD.to create works that were easily understood问题5选项A.The musical Renaissance was defined by technique rather than styleB.The musical Renaissance was too short to give rise to a new musical styleC.Renaissance musicians adopted the styles of both Greek and Roman musiciansD.During the Renaissance, music never remained the same for very long【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据题干，通读全文，以及定位到文章尾段第一句 “The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques.”，中文翻译为：欧洲音乐复兴与其说是一套特定的音乐技巧，不如说是一场普遍的文化运动和一种精神状态。可以判断C选项“欧洲文艺复兴是一种包括音乐风格变化在内的文化发展。”正确。2.推理判断题。由题干关键字 “eventually”可以定位到原文第一段 “It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians, all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 1450-1600.”，中文翻译为：1855年，历史学家朱尔斯米歇莱(Jules Michelet)在他的法国历史中首次使用了这个词，随后被文化历史学家、艺术历史学家和音乐历史学家采用，所有这些历史学家都在1450-1600年的150年间将其应用于欧洲文化。关键词 “eventually”意为“最后；终于”因此可知A选项：音乐历史学家在其他历史学家之后才使用“文艺复兴”这个词正确。3.细节事实题。由题干关键词“that thinkers of the Renaissance” 可定位到原文第一段“To these scholars this meant a return to human as opposed to spiritual-values.”，中文翻译为：对这些学者来说，这意味着回归人类，而不是灵魂价值。判断C选项“对人类价值的文化强调”正确。4.细节事实题。A选项“使用宗教主题”，C选项“创作出人们会觉得有吸引力的艺术作品”以及D选项“创作容易理解的作品”可定位到原文第二段“Artists and writers now turned to secular as well as religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing. ”，中文翻译为：艺术家和作家现在转向世俗和宗教题材，力求使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人。可知B选项“只描绘人类经历中令人愉快的部分”未提及，符合题意。5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文尾段 “Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half-though at different rates in different countriesthat we cannot define a single Renaissance style.”，中文翻译为：此外，音乐在这一个半世纪里变化如此之快，尽管在不同的国家以不同的速度变化我们不能定义一个单一的文艺复兴风格。判断出D选项“在文艺复兴时期，音乐从未长时间保持不变。”正确。5. 单选题Specialist Music SchoolsHow to cope with a child who shows outstanding musical ability? Its not always clear how best to develop and encourage their gift. Many parents may even fail to recognize and respond to their childs need until frustration explodes into difficult or uncooperative behavior. And while most schools are equipped to deal with children who are especially able in academic subjects, the musically gifted require special understanding which may not always be available in an ordinary school especially one where music is regarded as a secondary activity. Such children as well as those whose ability is actively encouraged by parents or teachers may well benefit from the education offered by a specialist music school.The five music schools in Britain are a relatively recent introduction. They aim to provide a sympathetic environment in which gifted children aged between seven and eighteen can develop their skills to the full under the guidance of professional musicians.Children at specialist music schools spend between one third and one half of an average day on musical activities, for example, individual lessons (up to three hours a week on first and second instruments), orchestras, chamber groups, voice training, conducting and theory. They also spend several hours a day practicing in properly equipped private rooms, sometimes with a teacher. The rest of their time is taken up with a restricted academic program, which tends to concentrate on the essential subjects English, math, basic sciences and languages although provision can be made for students who wish to study a wider range of subjects. All five British specialist schools are independent, classes are small by normal school standards, with a high teacher/pupil ratio. Most children attending specialist schools tend to be boarders, leaving home to live, eat and sleep full-time at school. This means they spend their formative years in the company of others with similar aims and interests.What are the disadvantages? An obvious problem is the cost, the fees are high ( 12,000 17,000 a year for boarders). However, each school will make every effort with scholarships and other forms of financial assistance, to help parents of outstandingly gifted children to find the necessary fees. Secondly, not all parents want to send their children to boarding school, specially at a very early age. Almost all the directors of the specialist schools express doubts about the wisdom of admitting children as young as seven into such an intense and disciplined environment. They stress, however, that their main aim is to turn out rounded and well-balanced individuals.1. If a childs musical ability is not recognized _.2. What problem may musically gifted children face in ordinary schools?3. What makes specialist music schools different from other schools?4. What do most school directors see as a possible disadvantage for pupils?5. The underlined word sympathetic in paragraph two means_.问题1选项A.the ability may fade awayB.the child may misbehaveC.the parents may become anxiousD.the child may lose interest问题2选项A.Music is not seen as an important subjectB.Their academic work may sufferC.Schools lack musical equipmentD.Parents and teachers do not work together问题3选项A.The children have mostly one-to-one lessonsB.Their working day is longerC.More than half the day is spent on musicD.A range of musical training is offered问题4选项A.They may not be mature enough on arrivalB.Poor children may be excludedC.There may be a discipline problemD.They may lose their individuality问题5选项A.pity-showingB.appreciatingC.understandableD.beneficial【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中 “Many parents may even fail to recognize and respond to their childs need until frustration explodes into difficult or uncooperative behavior.”中文翻译为：许多父母甚至没有意识到并回应孩子的需求，直到挫折感爆发成困难或不合作的行为。可以得知B选项“孩子可能会行为不端”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由题干关键词 “in ordinary schools” 可以定位到原文第一段“And while most schools are equipped to deal with children who are especially able in academic subjects, the musically gifted require special understanding which may not always be available in an ordinary school especially one where music is regarded as a secondary activity.” 中文翻译为：虽然大多数学校都有能力培养在学科方面特别有能力的孩子，但是音乐天才需要特殊的理解力，这在普通学校是不可能做到的，尤其是在音乐被视为次要活动的学校里。因此可知A选项“音乐不被视为一门重要的学科”为正确答案。3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段“Children at specialist music schools spend between one third and one half of an average day on musical activities, for example, individual lessons (up to three hours a week on first and second instruments), orchestras, chamber groups, voice training, conducting and theory.” 中文翻译为：个人课程（每周最多三个小时学习第一和第二乐器）、管弦乐、室内乐团、声音训练、指挥和理论。可知C选项“半天以上的时间都花在了音乐上。”错误，以及D选项“提供一系列的音乐培训”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“school directors”可以定位到文章最后一段“Almost all the directors of the specialist schools express doubts about the wisdom of admitting children as young as seven into such an intense and disciplined environment.” 中文翻译为：几乎所有专业学校的负责人都对让7岁大的孩子进入如此紧张、纪律严明的环境的做法表示怀疑。故选A“他们可能在到达（学校）时还不够成熟。”5.词汇题。根据题干关键词“sympathetic”可以定位到根据文章第二段“They aim to provide a sympathetic environment in which gifted children aged between seven and eighteen can develop their skills to the full under the guidance of professional musicians.” 中文翻译为：他们的目标是提供一个富有同情心的环境，让7 - 18岁的超常儿童在专业音乐家的指导下充分发展他们的技能。sympathetic意为“富有同情心的”，判断出答案为A项。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:6. 单选题Congress delegates waited _ for the congratulatory telegram from Moscow when the new party was formed.问题1选项A.in termsB.in the long runC.in viewD.in vain【答案】A【解析】考查词组。A选项 in terms “明确地；毫不含糊地；焦急地”；B选项 in the long run “长远；终究”；C选项 in view “在视野范围内；在考虑中的；作为目标”；D选项 in vain “徒然；无效”。句意：当新政党成立时，国会代表们焦急地等待来自莫斯科的贺电。结合句意，判断出选项A为正确答案。7. 翻译题A good book is often the best urn of a life enshrining the best that life could think out; for the world of mans life is, for the most part, but the world of his thoughts. Thus the best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, remembered and cherished, become our constant companions and comforters. “They are never alone,” said Sir Philip Sidney, “that are accompanied by noble thoughts.”The good and true thought may in times of temptation be as an angle of mercy purifying and guarding the soul. It also enshrines the germs of action, for good words almost always inspire to good works.【答案】好书常如最精美的宝器，珍藏着人生的思想的精华；因为人的生活世界主要是他的思想世界。因此，最好的书是金玉良言和崇高思想的宝库，这些良言和思想若铭记于心并多加珍视，就会成为我们忠实的伴侣和永恒的慰藉。菲利普西德尼爵士说过：“有高尚思想做伴的人永不孤独。”在我们受到诱惑的时候，美好真实的思想可以作为一种仁慈的视角，净化和保护我们的灵魂。这同样孕育着行为的萌芽，因为金玉良言总能激励善行。8. 单选题Although the study of animal communication has played a vital role in our understanding of human communication ever since the dawn of time, recent research in this area has revealed a number of striking similarities between animal and human communication. Researchers have discovered that animals 1 with humans a number of characteristics, including 2 associated with attraction and mating, territoriality, familiar ties, division of labor, and a number of other traits that we once 3 were uniquely “4”.For example, the 5 between squirrel monkey mothers and infants is not unlike that of human. When infants are separate from their mothers, they emit loud, easily 6, and individually recognizable sounds. 7, the mother can find her child and 8 its needs. 9, mother squirrel monkeys have their own form of “motherese ”, or adult speech that is 10 in order to communicate with their infants.问题1选项A.resembleB.shareC.contrastD.differ问题2选项A.whatB.thatC.thoseD.ones问题3选项A.assumedB.guessedC.justifiedD.reasoned问题4选项A.animalsB.humaneC.humanityD.human问题5选项A.bondB.tiesC.affectionD.joint问题6选项A.simulatedB.locatedC.situatedD.detected