2022-2023年考博英语-电子科技大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第28期

2022-2023年考博英语-电子科技大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题The old couple now still（ ）for tlieir beloved son, 30 years after his death.问题1选项A.cherishB.groanC.dispenseD.mourn【答案】D【解析】句意:在他们心爱的儿子过世三十年后，这对老夫妇现在仍然哀悼他。考查动词辨析。cherish 珍爱;groan 呻吟，抱怨;dispense 分配，免除，执行；mourn 哀悼，忧伤，服丧。根据句意“在他们心爱的儿子过世三十年后”可知D符合句意。2. 单选题For years now, the people of that faraway country have been cruelly（ ）by a dictator.问题1选项A.depressedB.immersedC.oppressedD.cursed【答案】C【解析】句意:多少年来，那个偏僻国度的人民一直遭受着一个独裁者的压迫。考查动词辨析。四个选项分别为对应动词的过去分词形式表被动,表示“被独裁者”。depress使沮丧，压抑，使萧条;immerse （in） 沉浸，使专心于；oppress 压迫;curse 诅咒。故C符合句意。3. 单选题If you want this pain-killer, youll have to ask the doctor for a（ ）.问题1选项A.receiptB.recipeC.subscriptionD.prescription【答案】D【解析】句意:如果你想要这个止疼药，你将不得不向医生要一个药方。考查名词辨析。receipt收据，收条，接收，收到;recipe食谱，秘诀;subscription 捐献，订阅，签署；prescription 药方，指示，惯例。根据前半句句意“如果你想要这个止疼药”可知D符合句意。4. 单选题The new miracle of the medical world is the stem cell, a marvel of human nature in that it can become any of nearly 220 cell types that constitute the human body. It is often called a blank cell that can be programmed to become other cells. Researchers predict that, by using stem cells, they can create organs that can be transplanted into people who desperately need them to save their lives. The most common source of stem cells is the human embryo, the initial stage of human life after a female egg is impregnated by a male sperm. In this very fact lies an ethical conundrum that has rocked both the medical and political landscape of the United States and other countries. Coupled with this is new research in cloning, which has seen some success in developing animal species without the use of normal birthing procedures. All of these areas of research are making quite a few people nervous about both the sources of stem cells and where the research is taking mankind.Most stem cell-containing embryos come from four different sources: fertility clinics which often store more human embryos than are needed; fetuses from unwanted pregnancies that are aborted; therapeutic cloning, which is when a human egg is stimulated into an embryo-like state; and custom-fertilization in which a human egg is deliberately fertilized with sperm to create an embryo in order to harvest its stem cells. Morally many people are outraged by these sources, claiming that human life is not something that should be tampered with and created just for scientific and medical purposes. At the core of this debate is the issue of what really constitutes a human being, with one side claiming a human does not exist until born from its mother while the other side claims that once egg and sperm meet, life has begun.The United States government has taken an active role in the debate and is consciously looking at the voting booth while making decisions regarding stem cell research. The government gave the go-ahead for federal spending on stem cell research but limited activity to specimens that already existed, meaning no new embryos could be created solely for stem cell research. Similar laws regarding cloning research have been proposed, including therapeutic cloning. Many universities and research centers worry that these laws may cause their best and brightest scientists to seek appointments overseas, where stem cell research is not so controversial.1. According to the first paragraph, a stem cell is unlike other cells because（ ）.2. According to the second paragraph, all of the following are sources of stein cells EXCEPT（ ）.3. According to the second paragraph, the main debate concerning stem cell sources revolves around（ ）.4. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?5.According to the third paragraph, American universities and research institutes are worried about（ ）.问题1选项A.it has at least 220 different partsB.it can develop into any other cellC.it has been used to cure illnessD.it is at the center of a controversy问题2选项A.artificially impregnated womenB.human eggs that act like they are fertilizedC.embryos made for people who cannot conceiveD.the remains of unwanted babies1. （ ）.问题3选项A.how they are extracted from the sourceB.what the stem cell are used forC.the methods used to produce themD.when someone believes life begins问题4选项A.The United States government is involved in the debate on stem cells only because it is worried about the voters.B.The voters are making the United States government worried about its position on stem cell research.C.The issue of stem cell research is one that United States voters are concerned aboutD.The United States governments decisions on stem cell research reflect what its voting public wants.2. （ ）.问题5选项A.not getting enough funds for stem cell researchB.losing people for better opportunities elsewhereC.having the government shut down their operationsD.having to find new sources of stem cells【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出: The new miracle of the medical world is the stem cell, a marvel of human nature in that it can become any of nearly 220 cell types that constitute the human body(医学界的新奇迹是干细胞。令人惊叹的是，它可以成为构成人体的近220种细胞中的任何一种),故选B“它能发展成任何其它的细胞”。2.细节事实题。题干问:根据第二段,以下哪项不是干细胞的来源。A:人工怀孕的女性,B:类似于已受精状的人类卵子,C:为不孕的人所做的胚胎,D:意外怀孕产出的婴儿的遗体。根据题干定位至第二段: Most stem cell-containing embryos come from fourdifferent sources: fertility clinics which often store more human embryos than are needed; fetuses from unwanted pregnancies that are aborted; therapeutic cloning, which is when a human egg is stimulated into an embryo-like state; and custom-fertilization in which a human egg is deliberately fertilized with sperm to create an embryo in order to harvest its stem cells(大多数包含干细胞的胚胎来自四个不同的来源：经常储存有多余人类胚胎的产科；因意外怀孕而被流产的胎儿； 治疗性克隆（即人类卵子被刺激成胚胎状）和特定的受精（即人类卵子被故意地与精子受精来创造一个胚胎，以便获取其干细胞）),因此只有A未被提及。故选A。3.细节事实题。第二段指出: At the core of this debate is the issue of what really constitutes a human being, with one side claiming a human does not exist until born from its mother while the other side claims that once egg and sperm meet, life has begun(这场争论的中心是什么真正地构成了人类，一方的人宣称直到从母亲身体生出来之后，人才真正存在，然而另一方的人却宣称一旦卵子和精子结合生命就开始了)。故选D“人们认为生命是从何吋开始”。4.判断推理题。最后一段划线句句意为:美国政府己积极参与这场争论，在做有关干细胞研究的决定吋正有意识地看着投票站。由此可知D项“美国政府有关干细胞研究的决定反映出其投票的公众的需求”正确。5.细节事实题。最后一段指出: Many universities and research centers worry that these laws may cause their best and brightest scientists to seek appointments overseas, where stem cell research is not so controversial(很多大学和研究中心担心，这些法律可能导致它们优秀和最杰出的科学家们前往干细胞研究没有如此有争议的海外寻求职位)。由此可知B“因海外更好的机会而流失人才”正确。5. 单选题We should maintain our cultural（ ），which represents the deep memory of our nation.问题1选项A.agencyB.tendencyC.legacyD.fancy【答案】C【解析】句意:我们应该维护好代表我们民族最深刻记忆的文化遗产。考查名词辨析。Agency服务机构,(尤指)代理机构; tendency 偏好,性情,趋势; legacy 遗产,遗赠财物,遗留; fancy想象的事物,想象(力)。故C符合句意。6. 单选题Just remember one thing that（ ）decisions often lead to bitter regrets.问题1选项A.hastyB.promptC.urgentD.instant【答案】A【解析】句意:请只需记住一件事，即轻率的决定经常导致痛苦的遗憾。考查形容词辨析。hasty匆忙的，仓促而就的，草率的；prompt 敏捷的，迅速的，立刻的;urgent 紧急的，急迫的；instant 立即的，紧急的，紧迫的。因此A符合句意。7. 单选题Anthropology is the study of human beings as creatures of society. It fastens its attention upon those physical and industrial techniques, those conventions and values, which distinguish one community from all others that belong to different tradition.The distinguishing mark of anthropology among the social sciences is that it includes for serious study other societies than our own. For its purposes any social regulation of mating and reproduction is as significant as our own, though it may be that of the Sea Dyaks, and have no possible historical relation to that of our civilization. To the anthropologists, our customs and those of New Guinea tribe are two possible social schemes for dealing with common problems, and in so far as he remains an anthropologist he is bound to avoid any weighting of one in favor of the other. He is interested in human behavior, not as it is shaped by one tradition, our own, but as it has been shaped by any tradition whatsoever. He is interested in a wide range of custom that is found in various cultures, and his objective is to understand the way in which these cultures change and differentiate, the different forms through which they express themselves and the manner in which the customs of any peoples function in the lives of the individuals.Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great moment. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way round. Traditional custom is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest.1. According to the passage, we can say that anthropology（ ）.2. For serious study, an anthropologist（ ）.3. In the third paragraph, the author is trying（ ）.4. Which of the following does the author most probably agree with?5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?问题1选项A.can deal with human beings as one group of the creatures in the living worldB.can reveal an enormous diversity of traditionsC.can provide insights into the relationship between human beings and natureD.can distinguish the human race from other creatures问题2选项A.must not study his own cultureB.is not supposed to have a prejudice against any societyC.should focus on those societies which are historically related to each otherD.is obliged to work only on those societies that have no historical relationship to each other问题3选项A.to be critical of customB.to say that anthropology is more important than psychologyC.to strengthen the role custom plays in experience and beliefD.to draw our intention to the importance of custom问题4选项A.The goal of the anthropologist is to understand the way in which people express themselves.B.The anthropologist tries to understand why cultures are carried on without any change.C.The anthropologists professional interest is as wide as the variety of customs.D.The anthropologist is to explore social relations of different people.问题5选项A.Human Behavior.B.Creature of Society.C.The Science of Custom.D.The Functions of Cultures.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。第一段指出: It fastens its attention upon those physical and industrial techniques, those conventions and values, which distinguish one community from all others that belong to different tradition (它把注意力集中在那些自然特征和工业技术、 传统和价值观上，它们使一个社区区别于从属于不同传统的其他社会), 即人类学能体现从属于不同传统的社会之间的不同,因此B项“揭示传统的巨大多样性”正确。2.判断推理题。A项中“must not”和D项中“only”表述过于绝对,故排除。B:不应该对任何社会存在偏见,第二段指出: .and in so far as he remains an anthropologist he is bound to avoid any weighting of one in favor of the other (只要他还作为一位人类学家，他就一定会避免厚此薄彼，对任何文化存在偏见),因此B与原文所述相符。C:应关注历史上相互关联的社会,第二段指出: For its purposes, any social regulation.and have no possible historical relation to that of our civilization (就其目的而言，任何社会规则都与我们文化中的社会规则不可能有历史联系),因此C与原文不符。故选B。3.作者意图题。题干为:在第三段,作者打算?第三段开始指出: Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great moment (当前，习俗并没有被看作是一门重要的学科), 随后强调了 As a matter of fact, it is the other way round (事实正好相反)。而后谈及了习俗的作用和多样性。因此作者第三段谈及的是习俗的重要性和地位。故选D。4.判断推理题。第二段指出: He is interested in a wide range of custom that is found in various cultures, and his objective is to understand the way in which these cultures change and differentiate, the different forms through which they express themselves and the manner in which the customs of any peoples function in the lives of the individuals (他感兴趣的是在各种文化中所发现的浩瀚的习俗范围，他的目标就是弄懂这些文化变化和相互区别的方式，搞清楚它们表达自己的不同方式，弄明白任何一个民族的习俗在某一特定文化中的个人生活中的作用方式),故选C“人类学家的专业范畴与习俗的丰富性一样广泛”。5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了人类学的研究范围、对象和目标。通篇都在介绍人类学所研究的重点是人类的习俗，以及后文重点介绍了习俗的重要性和地位。故C项“习俗的科学”比较适合做文章标题。8. 单选题As a junior assistant manager, he had been selected for（ ）.问题1选项A.interruptionB.promotionC.considerationD.intuition【答案】B【解析】句意:作为一个年轻的副经理,他已被选中为提拔对象。考查名词辨析。Interruption 中断时间,打扰,插嘴; promotion 提升,提拔,晋升; consideration仔细考虑,深思,斟酌; intuition直觉力,(一种)直觉。故B符合句意。9. 单选题I told my friend Graham that I often cycle the two miles from my house to the town centre blit unfortunately there is a big hill on the route. He replied, “You mean fortunately.” He explained that I should be glad of the extra exercise that the hill provided.My attitude to the hill has now changed. I used to (1) as I approached it but now I tell myself the following. This hill will exercise my heart and lungs. It will help me to lose (2) and get fit. It will mean that I live longer. This hill is my friend. Finally as I wind my way up the incline, I (3) myself with the thought of all those silly people who pay money to go to a gym and sit on stationery exercise bicycles when I can get the same value for (4). I have a smile of satisfaction as I reach the top of the hill.Problems (5) be faced and overcome. We cannot achieve anything with an easy life. Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to gain a university degree. Her activism and writing proved inspirational. She wrote, “ (6) cannot be developed in ease and quiet. Only through experiences of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened, vision cleared, ambition inspired and success achieved.”One of the main (7) of success in life is our attitude towards adversity. From time to time, we all face hardships, problems, accidents, afflictions and difficulties. Some are of our (8) but many confront us through no fault of our own. While we cannot choose the adversity we can choose our attitude towards it.How can you change your attitude towards the adversity that you face? Try these steps: Confront the problem. Do not avoid it. Deliberately take a (9) attitude and write down some benefits or advantages of the situation. Visualize how you will feel when you overcome this obstacle. Develop an action plan for how to tackle it. Smile and get cracking.The biographies of great people are littered with examples of how they took these kinds of steps to overcome the difficulties they faced. The common thread is that they did not become defeatist or depressed. They chose their attitude. They (10) to be positive.They took on the challenge. They won.问题1选项A.grumbleB.fearC.give upD.stop问题2选项A.temperB.controlC.weightD.sight问题3选项A.provideB.converseC.dealD.console问题4选项A.goodB.freeC.everD.return问题5选项A.are there toB.which canC.will notD.we have问题6选项A.EducationB.InterestC.CharacterD.Friendship问题7选项A.causesB.determinantsC.symptomsD.components问题8选项A.makingB.doingC.takingD.thinking问题9选项A.specialB.strongC.negativeD.positive问题10选项A.seemedB.optedC.hadD.used【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A第6题:A第7题:B第8题:A第9题:D第10题:B【解析】1.动词辨析。grumble 抱怨,嘟囔;fear 害怕,敬畏,为担心;give up 放弃,交出；stop 停止,逗留。此处句意为:我对这座山的态度现在改变了,过去我看到它总是。因此A符合句意。2.名词辨析。temper 脾气，(钢等)回火，性情，倾向；control 控制，管理；weight 重量，体重，负担;sight 视力，景象。And连接空格和get fit (变得健康),因此and前面很可能表示 “减肥,减掉体重”,故选C。3.动词辨析。provide 提供，供应；converse 交谈，谈话；deal处理，交易；console 安慰，慰藉。此处表示“想起这些愚蠢的人去健身房的做法来安慰自己”。故选C。4.短语辨析。For good 永久地，一劳永逸地; for free 免费；ever 永远，曾经；for ever 永远，永恒地； for return 作回报。这里句意为:自己能免费地得到同样的价值,故选B。5.语法题。考查一般将来时。句意:难题是用来被面对和克服的,顺风顺水就不会有进步。因此要用一般将来时,排除B和D。C不符合句意。故选A。6.名词辨析。education 教育，培养，教育学；interest 兴趣，利息；character性格，品质，特性；角色friendship 友谊，友爱，友善。空格后句意为提示信息:只有通过磨炼和受难的经历，人的心灵才能被强化,由此可知C符合句意。7.名词辨析。cause 原因，事业，目标;determinant 决定因素；symptom 症状，征兆；component 成分，组件。句意为:我们对待逆境的态度是生命中成功的主要决定因素之一,因此选B。8.名词辨析。making 发展，制造，造成；doing做，不能接受，难以完成， 事件；taking 捕获，收入；thinking思考，意见，见解。这里表示“一些问题是我们造成的”,因此A符合句意。9.形容词辨析。special特别的，专门的，专用的；strong 坚强的，强壮的，牢固的；negative 负的，消极的，否定的，阴性的；positive 积极的，确定的。空格前句意为:你怎样能改变自己对待所面临的逆境的态度呢？可以尝试这些步骤。所以此处表示“故意采取一种积极的态度”,故选D。10.动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去式。seem 似乎，像是，装作，seem to 似乎，看起来;opt选择，opt to 选择;have有，从事，允许，have to必须，不得不；use 利用，耗费。这里应表示“他们选择积极地面对”,故选B。10. 单选题In this poor country, survival is still the leading industry; all else is（ ）.问题1选项A.luxuryB.accommodationC.entertainmentD.refreshment【答案】A【解析】句意:在这个贫穷的国家，生存仍然是主要的事情，所有其它都是奢侈。考查名词辨析。luxury 奢侈，奢侈品，不常有的乐趣(或享受、优势)；accommodation 住处，膳宿，和解；entertainment 娱乐，款待，refreshment 点心，起提神作用的东西，精力恢复。根据前面句意“生存仍然是主要的事情”可知A符合句意。11. 单选题We（ ）managed to have people accept our theory after a long, hard struggle.问题1选项A.momentarilyB.suddenlyC.graciouslyD.gradually【答案】D【解析】句意:经过长期的艰苦努力之后，我们逐渐让他们接了受我们的理论。考查副词辨析。momentarily 顷刻之间，马上;suddenly意外地，忽然地；graciously优雅地，慈样地;gradually逐步地，渐渐地。 根据后文的after a long, hard struggle (长期的艰苦努力之后)可知D正确。12. 单选题It is well known that knowledge is the（ ）condition for expansion of mind.问题1选项A.indispensableB.incredibleC.indefiniteD.incompatible【答案】A【解析】句意:众所周知，知识是拓展思维的必备条件。考查形容词辨析。indispensable不可缺少的，必不可少的；incredible惊人的，不可思议的；indefinite无限期的，不明确的；incompatible 不相容的，不匹配的。故A符合句意。13. 单选题The machine might work if we（ ）it very carefully.问题1选项A.obtainB.operateC.opposeD.object【答案】B【解析】句意:如果我们非常小心地操作这台机器,那么它可能会运转。考查动词辨析。obtain (尤指经努力)获得,赢得,存在;operate 运转,工作,操作,控制,使运行;oppose 反对,对抗;object 反对,拒绝。空格处动词的宾语为it,即指代前面的machine(机器),因此B符合句意。14. 单选题Many years ago, I was interviewing for a CIO (Chief Information Officer) position at Brown University. Howard Swearer, the president of Brown at that time, asked me: “What is the greatest（1）that you would bring to the position?” I answered: “I am multilingual.” He（2）at me for a moment, as if I had lost my mind entirely. I went on to（3）that I was capable of effectively（4）with faculty, with students, with vendors, with trustees, and with other administrators. The CIO needs to be able to interact effectively and be respected by a variety of audiences.Effectiveness of interaction is（5）on whether or not an individual can understand the（6）and problems being faced by a particular user. This is true on the academic side of the house, where one needs to understand the technology requirements and problems of a particle physicist, a classicist, or an economist. There are different（7）for data files, transmission speeds, and many other IT issues that directly affect the scholarship of these varying disciplines. The ability to（8）some of these scholarly requirements is（9）to being viewed as a partner in the academic enterprise rather than just as some bureaucrat who has（10）for the IT environment on campus.问题1选项A.trengthB.newsC.possibilityD.change问题2选项A.nterviewedB.staredC.wonderedD.angered问题3选项A.nswerB.explainC.indicateD.demonstrate问题4选项A.alkingB.speakingC.cooperatingD.communicating问题5选项A.ependedB.basedC.resultedD.taken问题6选项A.hocksB.worriesC.questionsD.concerns问题7选项A.eedsB.issuesC.elementsD.concerns问题8选项A.nowB.find outC.look forD.understand问题9选项A.pecialB.inevitableC.essentialD.required问题10选项A.oncernsB.worriesC.responsibilityD.confidence【答案】第1题: