2022-2023年考博英语-华中科技大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第21期

2022-2023年考博英语-华中科技大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题With few exceptions, the last words of historys great players have been about as interesting and uplifting as a phone book. We may expect pearls of profundity from our expiring artists, philosophers, and world leaders, but more often we are left with dry-as-dust cliche.Admittedly, its not exactly fair to expect deep insights into lifes mysteries when the dying clearly have other things on their minds hell, for instance, or unspeakable pain. Bullet-riddled Francisco “Pancho” Villa was probably preoccupied when he told a comrade, “Dont let it end this way. Tell them I said something.” But dont we have the right to expect eloquence in the final stanzas of legendary wordsmiths like Lord Byron and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe? Byron couldnt be bothered to work up a decent rhyme: “Now I shall go to sleep. Good night.” Goethes last word were so dull biographers have been obliged to edit creatively; “Open the second shutter so that more light may come in” became the more sublime “More light!”(There is, by the way, some debate whether Goethes last words were not, in fact, “Come my little one, and give me your paw.)And one is loath to mention Whitmans last barbaric yawp: “Hold me up; I want to shit.” Legendary wag Oscar Wildes last words were nothing more than shop talk. Commenting on a novel he had recently read, Wilde said, “This is a fine study of the American politician and possesses the quality of truth in characterization. What else has the lady written?”Queens have left little more for the living to chew on. Elizabeth I was whiny (“All my possessions for a moment of time”), while Marie Antoinette was clumsy but polite: “Pardonnez-moi, Monsieur, ” she said, after treading upon her executioners toe.Ironically, it may have been the relatively obscure who delivered historys best exit lines. Has anyone departed the scene better than minor English playwright Henry Arthur Jones, who, asked whom he would prefer to sit with him during the evening, his nurse or his niece, replied, “The prettier. Now fight for it.” Actor Edmund Gwenn was terse: “Dying is easy. Comedy is difficult.” And you have to admire the singleness of purpose in the last words of French grammarian Dominique Bouhours: “I am about to or I am going to die; either expression is used.” For sheer entertainment value, you cant beat the last words of condemned prisoners, particularly if you have a fondness for graveyard humor. Asked by the firing squad commander if he had a last request, James Roges said, “Why yes. A bullet-proof vest!” and youve got to love a condemned murderer who can continue to cut up from the electric chair. “How about this for a headline in tomorrows paper,” James French said. “French Fries!”Some last words will forever remain an enigma, their meaning gone to the grave along with their speakers. Henry David Thoreaus “Moose, Indian, ” for instance, and the eerie last words of John Wilkes Booth as he emerged from a burning barn, fatally wounded, looked at his hands and muttered, “Useless, useless.” In a similar vein, what to make of conductor Leonard Bernstains last words “Whats this?” or novelist Victor Hugos “I see black light”?To me, the most genuine last words are those that arise naturally from the moment, such as Voltaires response to a request that he forswear Satan: “This is no time to make new enemies.” Compare that to the stagy, obviously rehearsed “Now comes the mystery” (Henry Ward Beecher) or Ludwig van Beethovens “Friends, applaud. The comedy is over.”It may well be that planning your last words is no more profitable a pursuit than preparing our Novel Prize acceptance speech. Who can say when the Grim Reaper will tap a bony finger on your shoulder? It is unlikely that poet Dylan Thomas thought “Ive had 18 straight whiskeys. I think thats the record” was going to be swan song.Could it be that “great last words” are a myth of the hale and hearty, and that the expiring understand that the deathbed is no place for 11th-hou philosophizing? Didnt Christ himself sign off with the unpretentious “It is finished”? Besides, why should the mundane act of dying bring one any closer to the truth? Karl Marx may have had it right, for once, when he answered his housekeepers request for last words with: “Go on, get out! Last words are for fools who havent said enough!”26.The authors attitude towards famous last words is （ ） .27.According to the author, when Francisco Pancho Villa gave his last words, he （ ）.28.The author takes Byron, Goethe and Wilde as examples to show that （ ）.29.According to the author, the last words of （ ）were comparatively good.30.The author thinks the real last words should be those （ ）.问题1选项A.sympatheticB.satiricalC.callousD.incensed问题2选项A.might be thinking of something elseB.tried to make them more eloquentC.wanted to tell a secret to a comradeD.was unwilling to die at an early age问题3选项A.biographers usually revise the last words of the great writersB.just like average people, the dying wordsmiths have a confused mindC.it is disappointing that they failed to leave some memorable wordsD.it poses a great contrast between their works and last words问题4选项A.Edmund GwennB.Walt WhitmanC.Henry David ThoreauD.Marie Antoinette问题5选项A.illuminating and high-soundingB.prepared in advanceC.concise and vividD.given improvisationally【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】26.观点态度题。根据“but more often we are left with dry-as-dust cliche.（但更常见的情况是，我们只剩下枯燥无味的陈词滥调）” “Last words are for fools who havent said enough（遗言是留给那些话还不够多的傻瓜们的）”即可得出本题答案。27.事实细节题。根据题干关键词“Francisco Pancho Villa”,可将信息点定位至原文第二段，根据“Admittedly, its not exactly fair to expect deep insights into lifes mysteries when the dying clearly have other things on their minds hell, for instance, or unspeakable pain.（诚然，将死亡的人心里显然还有其他事情比如地狱，或者难以言喻的痛苦时，期望对生命的奥秘有深刻的洞见是不公平的。）”即可得出本题答案。28.细节推断题。根据题干关键字“Byron, Goethe and Wilde”，可将信息点定位至原文第二段第五到第六句。根据“Byron couldnt be bothered to work up a decent rhyme: “Now I shall go to sleep. Good night.”（拜伦不厌其烦地写了一首优美的诗：“现在我要睡觉了。晚安。”）” “Goethes last word were so dull biographers have been obliged to edit creatively（歌德的临终遗言如此乏味，传记作家不得不创造性地编辑）” ，即可推断得出本题答案。29.细节推断题。根据题干关键字，将信息点定位至原文第五段，“Ironically, it may have been the relatively obscure who delivered historys best exit lines.（具有讽刺意味的是，可能是相对不太知名的人说出了历史上最好的遗言。）” “Actor Edmund Gwenn was terse: “Dying is easy. Comedy is difficult.”（演员埃德蒙格温（Edmund Gwenn）简洁地说：“死亡很容易。喜剧是很困难的。”）即可得出本题答案。30.细节事实题。根据题干关键字“real last words”可将信息点定位至原文第七段，根据“To me, the most genuine last words are those that arise naturally from the moment, such as Voltaires response to a request that he forswear Satan: This is no time to make new enemies.（在我看来，最真实的临终遗言是那些从那一刻起就自然出现的遗言，比如伏尔泰（Voltaire）对请求他放弃撒旦的回应：现在不是制造新敌人的时候。）”，即可得出本题答案。2. 单选题There is widespread belief that the emergence of giant industries has been accompanied by an equivalent surge in industrial research. A recent study of important inventions made since the turn of the century reveals that more than half were the product of individual inventors working alone, independent of organized industrial research. While industrial laboratories contributed such important products as nylon and transistors, independent inventors developed air conditioning, the automatic transmission, the jet engine, the helicopter, insulin, and streptomycin. Still other inventions, such as stainless steel, television, silicones, and Plexiglas were developed through the combined efforts of individuals and laboratory teams.Despite these finding, we are urged to support monopolistic power on the grounds that such power creates an environment supportive of innovation. We are told that the independent inventor, along with the small firm, cannot afford to undertake the important research needed to improve our standard of living while protecting our diminishing resources; that only the giant corporation or conglomerate, with its prodigious assets, can afford the kind of expenditures that produce the technological advances vital to economic progress. But when we examine expenditures for research, we find that of the more than $35 billion spent each year in this country, almost two-thirds is spent by the federal government. More than half of this government expenditure is funneled into military research and product development, accounting for the enormous increase in spending in such industries as nuclear energy, aircraft, missiles, and electronics. There are those who consider it questionable that these defense-linked research projects will either improve our standard of living or do much to protect our diminishing resources.Recent history has demonstrated that we may have to alter our longstanding conception of the process actuated by competition. The price variable, once perceived as the dominant aspect of the process, is now subordinate to the competition of the new product, the new business structure, and the new technology. While it can be assumed that in a highly competitive industry not dominated by a single corporation, investment in innovation a risky and expensive budget item might meet resistance from management and stockholders concerned about cost-cutting, efficient organization, and large advertising budgets, it would be an egregious error to equate the monopolistic producer with bountiful expenditures on research. Large-scale enterprises tend to operate more comfortably in stable and secure circumstances, and their managerial bureaucracies tend to promote the status quo and resist the threat implicit in change. Moreover, in some cases, industrial giants faced with little or no competition seek to avoid the capital loss resulting from obsolescence by deliberately obstructing technological progress. By contrast, small firms undeterred by large investments in plant and capital equipment often aggressively pursue new techniques and new products, investing in innovation in order to expand their market shares.The conglomerates are not, however, completely except from strong competitive pressures. There are instances in which they too must compete with another industrial Goliath, and then their weapons may include large expenditures for innovation.36.The primary purpose of the passage is to （ ）.37.According to the passage, important inventions of the twentieth century （ ）.38.Which of the following best describes the organization of the second paragraph of the passage?39.With which of the following statements would the author of the passage be most likely to agree?40.Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the authors main point?问题1选项A.advocate an increase in government support of organized industrial researchB.point out a common misconception about the relationship between the extent of industrial research and the growth of monopolistic power in industryC.describe the inadequacies of small firms in dealing with the important matter of research and innovationD.show that Americas strength depends upon individual ingenuity and resourcefulness问题2选项A.were produced largely as a result of governmental support for military weapons research and development.B.came primarily from the huge laboratories of monopolistic industriesC.were produced at least as frequently by independent inventors as by research teamsD.have greater impact on smaller firms than on conglomerates问题3选项A.Expenditures for various aspects of research are listed.B.Reasons for supporting monopolistic power are given and then questioned.C.Arguments are presented for minimizing competitive bidding for research.D.Resources necessary for research are defined.问题4选项A.Monopolistic power creates an environment supportive of innovation.B.Governmental expenditure for military research will do much to protect our dwindling resources.C.Industrial giants, with their managerial bureaucracies, respond more quickly to technological change than smaller firms do.D.Firms with a small share of the market aggressively pursue innovations because they are not locked into old capital equipment.问题5选项A.In the last decade, conglomerates have significantly increased their research budgets for defense technology.B.Tax restructuring permits smaller firms to write off a larger percentage of profits against research.C.A ten-year study of the extent of resources devoted to research by smaller enterprises reveals a steady decline.D.Military research is being directed more extensively to space technology than to short-range missiles.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】36.主旨目的题。文章第一段是全文的主题段，前两句的对比指出了文章的主旨，“There is widespread belief that the emergence of giant industries has been accompanied by an equivalent surge in industrial research. A recent study of important inventions made since the turn of the century reveals that more than half were the product of individual inventors working alone, independent of organized industrial research.”即大型工业的发展不代表工业研究投入的增加。从而得出本题答案。37.细节事实题。根据题干关键词important inventions定位到原文第一段第二句。“A recent study of important inventions made since the turn of the century reveals that more than half were the product of individual inventors working alone, independent of organized industrial research.（最近一项关于世纪之交以来重要发明的研究显示，超过一半的发明是独立于有组织的工业研究的单个发明家的发明。）”从而得出本题答案。38.细节推理题。根据题干定位到原文第二段。第二段第二句“We are told that the independent inventor, along with the small firm, cannot afford to undertake the important research needed to improve our standard of living while protecting our diminishing resources; that only the giant corporation or conglomerate, with its prodigious assets, can afford the kind of expenditures that produce the technological advances vital to economic progress.”指出，用于改善生活标准的研究只能由大型企业承担，但在第三句“But when we examine expenditures for research, we find that of the more than $35 billion spent each year in this country, almost two-thirds is spent by the federal government.”又指出，研究发现政府支出的用于工业研究的资金有一大部分用于防御项目，有人对这些研究是否会提高生活标准提出质疑。从而得出本题答案。39.细节事实题。定位第三段最后一句。“By contrast, small firms undeterred by large investments in plant and capital equipment often aggressively pursue new techniques and new products, investing in innovation in order to expand their market shares.（相比之下，小公司不受大型工厂和资本设备投资的阻碍，往往积极追求新技术和新产品，投资于创新，以扩大其市场份额。）”即可得出本题答案。40.细节判断题。通过阅读文章后发现，作者的主要观点是看好小公司的发展前途，所以削弱的话，必然是对小公司进行负面评价，从而得出本题答案。3. 翻译题Nick Young创立了该刊物，并编辑英文版本，他说，上周多位北京警方和地方统计局的官员告知他该刊物进行了“未经批准的调查”，因此被认为违反了有关收集统计数据的1983年法律。杨先生说，在该刊物发行的十几年中，当局并未提供颁布此法令的明确原因。1.他说该刊物并未进行任何投票或调查，该法令非常含糊，因此可以禁止几乎任何需要与当地民众接触的信息收集。关闭该刊物的决定可能反映了中国对近几年增加的地方和国外资助民间团体的关注持续增加。2.某些民间团体已经降低了中国百姓维护合法权利的门槛，某些中国官员认为这些团体会导致社会的不安定。如果这些团体受政府资助而且不从事公开的政治活动，那么中国中央政府通常能够忍受。一些官员表示那些团体能够极大地帮助监测和抵制虐工等违法的行为。3. 中国发展简报无权在中国出版，雇员也未注册为新闻记者，这就意味着该刊物未在更大出版社的允许下已经存在较长时间。但杨先生说，当局已经监视他的事务多年，他相信他们理解向国外扶助机构提供客观信息符合中国利益。【答案】1. He said that the newsletter did not conduct polls or surveys and that the order was vague enough to prohibit almost any kind of information gathering that required interaction with local citizens.2. Some civic groups have helped people on the lower rungs of Chinese society defend their legal rights, and some Chinese officials contend that the groups have contributed to a surge in social unrest.3. China Development Brief had no license to publish in China, and its employees were not registered as news correspondents, meaning the newsletter had long operated without the permits required of larger publications.4. 翻译题Brenda Farmer and Willie Blanscet have sat across from each other on the Butterball bagging line for 17 years, 102 cold, raw turkeys sliding by in front of them every minute. “Me and Willie look at each other and say, How in the world can anybody eat this much turkey? ”The odds are good that yours may be one. 1. The women, along with workers at another Butterball plant a 90-minute drive away, help produce about a third of the 43 million turkeys the nation will eat today, according to the National Turkey Federation.This comer of northwest Arkansas is not the land of free-running heritage birds that command $16 a pound. A leisurely morning browsing the farmers, market is not how most people spend a Saturday.2. In this community of 3,000 on the Arkansas River, where everyone is cheering on the Hillbillies, the high school football team that made it to the state playoffs, turkey is an industry. And a job at the Butterball plant is one of the most reliable in town.The median income in Franklin County is just over $30, 000 a year. Unemployment is at 7. 3 percent. Every week, a dozen or so people show up at the plant looking for work. Maybe two get hired, plant managers said.It is not easy work. Turkeys need to be stunned and dispatched and gutted. Someone has to cut the oil gland out of the tail. Necks and gizzards and livers have to be cleaned and stuffed into a cavity. 3. During a six-week period that begins in October, the line runs seven days a week to process fresh turkey. It is a period people in town simply refer to as “fresh”, and it is grueling.“Its a long battle when were working fresh, but I at least got some bills paid and Christmas money,” Mrs. Farmer said. “I just sit there and hum and sing and talk to my friend Willie. We get through it together.”【答案】1. 一些妇女和工人们在距离这里90分钟车程的巴特堡养殖场工作。根据美国火鸡联盟提供的数字，今天全国火鸡的总消耗量将达4300万只，其中总量的三分之一的火鸡由巴特堡的这家养殖场提供。2. 阿肯色河沿岸有3000个群落。这里的每一个人都在为高中橄榄球队希尔比利斯能进入全国季后赛而欢呼雀跃。在这里，火鸡是一项产业。3. 在从十月份起长达六周的时间里，生产线整周整周不停地加工新鲜的火鸡。小镇里的人称这段时间为“新鲜期”，这段时间的工作十分折磨人。5. 单选题Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? （1 ） an event takes place, newspapers are on the street （2 ） the details.（3 ）anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot to gather the news.Newspapers have one basic （4 ） , to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to （5 ） it.Radio, telegraph, television, and （6 ） inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. （7 ）, this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the （8 ） and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are （9 ） and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to （10 ） out into many other fields. Besides keeping readers informed of the latest news, todays newspapers entertain and influence readers about politics and other important and serious （11 ） .Newspapers influence readers, economic choices （12 ） advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very （13 ） . Newspapers are sold at a price that （14 ） even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main （15 ） of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The （16 ） in selling advertising depends newspapers value to advertisers. This （17 ） in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper?Circulation depends （18 ） on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment （19 ） in a newspapers pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspapers value to readers as a source of information （20 ） the community, city, county, state, nation and world and even outer space.问题1选项A.Just whenB.WhileC.Soon afterD.Before问题2选项A.to giveB.givingC.givenD.being given问题3选项A.WhereverB.WhateverC.HoweverD.Whichever问题4选项A.reasonB.causeC.problemD.purpose问题5选项A.makeB.publishC.knowD.write问题6选项A.anot