2022年考博英语-燕山大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解12

2022年考博英语-燕山大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题_ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.问题1选项A.In spite ofB.Because ofC.But forD.As for【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查短语辨析。A选项In spite of“尽管”；B选项Because of“因为”；C选项But for“要不是，如果没有”；D选项As for“至于”。句意：_英语考试，上星期天我就去听音乐会了。根据语境，这里指的是因为有英语考试这个缘故，我没有去听音乐会，C选项But for“要不是，如果没有”符合题意。因此C选项正确。2. 翻译题(1) The developing countries of Central and South America, Africa, and Asia once merely exported raw materials and cash crops in return for manufactured goods. People in these countries provided for most of their own needs through subsistence agriculture and small-scale crafts. In time, though, people in these countries grew increasingly dependent on the global economy, because local crafts could not compete with the cheap, factory-made exports of the developed countries, such as European nations, the United States, and Japan. To decrease their dependence, many developing countries sought to strengthen their economies by building factories, modern dams, and roads during the 1960 and 1970s. Government frequently made poor financial choices. However, infrastructure projects such as dams and highways were often too massive for local needs. Choices about industry were sometimes not based on the best interests of the country, and protection from competition frequently resulted in inferior goods. (2) As result, products could not compete on the global market with the higher-quality goods from the industrialized countries. Many developing countries then had little income to pay off debts incurred (招致) during their expansion.A few developing economies succeeded in building prosperity through industrialization during the 20th century. The most notable of these were South Korea, Singapore, and Hong Kong S.A.R. Like Japan during the 19th century, they established tariffs and other barriers to protect local products from foreign competition and invested local wealth in industrial development. (3) Also like Japan, they focused on selling the products they manufactured to foreign consumers in order to bring wealth into the country. By the end of the 20th century some experts considered these economies to be developed, rather than developing, although many of South Koreas economic successes were reversed in the financial crisis of 1997. (4) Following a similar path, China advanced economically through a rapid expansion of manufactured exports during the late 20th century.Meanwhile, multinationals based in the economically developed world set up low-wage manufacturing facilities in some developing countries, particularly in Southeast Asia and in Central and South America. These factories typically generated few long-term benefits for the local economy. The profits flowed outside the country to the shareholders of the foreign multinationals. Also, the developing countries were forced to participate in a “race to the bottom” to attract multinational investment. (5) If a developing country or its people sought higher wages or enforced labor or environmental protections, multinationals often simply relocated production to a country with lower cost.【答案】1. 中南美洲、非洲和亚洲的发展中国家曾经仅仅依靠出口原材料和经济作物换取制成品。2. 因此，产品无法在全球市场上与工业化国家的高质量产品竞争。3. 也像日本一样，他们专注于向外国消费者销售他们制造的产品，来为国家带来财富。4. 20世纪末，中国通过制造业出口的快速扩张，实现了经济的快速发展。5. 如果一个发展中国家或其人民要求更高的工资、实施劳动保护或环境保护，跨国公司通常只需要将生产转移到成本更低的国家。3. 单选题His _ has changed but he has kept the fine qualities of a scientific researcher.问题1选项A.stateB.statusC.stationD.statue【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项state“情形，状态”；B选项status“社会地位；（进展的）状况，情形”；C选项station“（旧时）（正式）社会地位；站，所”；D选项statue“雕像”。句意：他的_改变了，但仍保持着科研人员的优良品质。根据语境，这里指他的外在的社会地位变了，但内在品质没有改变，加上这是非常生活化的一句话，可知B选项status“社会地位”符合题意。因此B选项正确。4. 单选题She cooked the meat for a long time so as to make it _ enough to eat.问题1选项A.mildB.slightC.lightD.tender【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项mild“（天气、情感）温和的；（味道）清淡的”；B选项slight“轻微的；瘦小的”；C选项light“明亮的；（重量）轻的”；D选项tender“（食物）嫩的”。句意：她把肉煮了很长时间，来让肉吃起来足够_。D选项符合题意。因此D选项正确。5. 单选题You will see this product _ wherever you go.问题1选项A.advertiseB.advertisingC.to be advertisedD.advertised【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：无论你到哪里，都能看到这个产品的广告。当不定式用于表示感觉的动词feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, look at, listen to等作宾语补足语时,不定式必须省略to。根据谓语动词是see，横线部分是宾语product的宾补，确定省略to；根据产品和打广告是被动关系，确定用被动语态，D选项advertised符合题意。A选项advertise是动词原形；B选项advertising是现在分词形式；C选项to be advertised未省略to。因此D选项正确。6. 单选题You had better _ teasing these newcomers, for that will hurt their feeling.问题1选项A.leave offB.leave behindC.leave outD.leave for【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查短语辨析。A选项leave off“漏掉；停止”；B选项leave behind“永远离开；留下；落后”；C选项leave out“排除；不考虑”；D选项leave for“出发前往（某地）；把留给（某人）做；把留在（另一时间做）”。句意：你最好_取笑这些新来的人，那样会伤害他们的感情。根据语境，这里指的是不要取笑别人，A选项leave off“停止”符合题意。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题_ the chance and the money, Id come and see you in New York in the foreseeable future.问题1选项A.GivenB.AssumingC.With regard toD.Considering【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项Given“如果有（机会等）；鉴于”，介词；B选项Assuming“假如”，从属连词，assuming (that)+从句；C选项With regard to“关于，至于”；D选项Considering“考虑到；就而言；鉴于”。句意：_有机会和钱，在可预见的将来我一定会来纽约看你。根据语境，这里指有机会和钱的时候会来看你，并且横线后面跟名词短语，A选项Given“如果有（机会等）”符合题意。因此A选项正确。8. 单选题His _ personality provides good material for critics.问题1选项A.matureB.consideredC.literateD.dual【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项mature“成熟的”；B选项considered“经过深思熟虑的”；C选项literate“能读会写的”；D选项dual“双重的”。句意：他的_人格为评论家提供了很好的素材。根据语境，这里D选项dual“双重的”比较符合题意，意思指他的双重人格有很多可讨论的话题。因此D选项正确。9. 单选题She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she _ too long.问题1选项A.has been readingB.had readC.is readingD.read【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查时态。句意：她应该停止工作；她因为看书太久而头痛。现在完成进行时表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能仍然要继续下去，或者刚刚终止。根据前半句她应该停止工作可知看书的动作从过去持续到现在，可能要继续下去，确定用现在完成进行时，A选项has been reading符合题意。B选项had read是过去完成时，动作发生在过去的过去，侧重事情的结果；C选项is reading是正在进行时，动作正在发生；D选项read是一般现在时或一般过去时。因此A选项正确。10. 单选题Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition (营养不良) and heat-related health problems.But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forums report was “a methodological embarrassment” because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable (易受伤害的) regions. Dr. Pielke said that “climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention”. But the report, he said, “will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed (有瑕疵的)”.However, Soren Andreasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.1. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?2. What do we learn about the Forums report from the passage?3. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forums report?4. What is Soren Andreasens view of the report?5. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference? 问题1选项A.Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development.B.Rates of death from illness have risen due to global warming.C.Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries.D.Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters.问题2选项A.It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.B.It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles.C.It was warmly received by environmentalists.D.It caused a big stir in developing countries.问题3选项A.Its statistics look embarrassing.B.It is invalid in terms of methodology.C.It deserves our closest attention.D.Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated.问题4选项A.Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data.B.It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined.C.It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference.D.Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.问题5选项A.How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming.B.How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced.C.How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale.D.How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第二句It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition and heat-related health problems.（研究发现，受人类影响的气候变化提高了包括营养不良和与高温相关的各种疾病的全球死亡率。），可知全球变暖造成疾病死亡率上升，没有说到贫穷国家的具体情况，B选项“由于全球变暖，疾病的死亡率上升了”正确，C选项“营养不良在贫穷国家造成了严重的健康问题”错误。A选项“全球气温影响经济发展的速度”：根据第一段Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year（全球变暖每年造成超过30万人死亡，约1250亿美元的经济损失。），可知全球变暖造成经济损失，而不是影响经济发展速度，故错误。D选项“经济趋势与人口和自然灾害有关”：根据第二段第一句The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends.（这份将于周五发布的报告分析了有关健康、灾害、人口和经济趋势的数据和现有研究。），可知并没有指出这些研究内容的关系，故错误。因此B选项正确。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第三段But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.（但在发布之前，该报告就遭到了一些气候和风险专家的批评，他们质疑报告的方法和结论。），可知有的气候和风险专家对此提出质疑，A选项“它受到了一些气候和风险专家的质疑”正确。B选项“它引起了科学界的极大兴趣”，C选项“它受到了环保主义者的热烈欢迎”和D选项“它在发展中国家引起了很大的轰动”：文中没有提到这个报告在整个科学界和发展中国家的影响，也没有提到环保主义者对此的看法，故错误。因此A选项正确。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第五段第一句Roger Pielke Jr.,said the Forums report was “a methodological embarrassment”（Roger Pielke Jr.说论坛的报告是“方法论上的难题”），可知Pielke不认同这份报告的方法，没有对其数据进行评价，B选项“从方法论来讲是无效的”正确，A选项“统计数据看起来很尴尬”错误。C选项“值得我们密切关注”：根据第五段第二句Dr. Pielke said that “climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention”.（皮尔克博士说“气候变化是一个需要我们高度关注的重要问题。”），可知需要关注的是气候变化而非报告，故错误。D选项“结论被故意夸大”：文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第六段However, Soren Andreasensaying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.（然而，Soren Andreasen称这些数字显然是粗略的估计。他说，这份报告的目标是世界各国领导人，他们将于12月在哥本哈根开会，就新的国际气候条约进行谈判。），可知报告的数据是粗略的估计，不是仔细收集的，A选项“报告的结论基于仔细收集的数据”错误；而这粗略的估计主要是给世界各国领导人看的，D选项“报告粗略估计是为了吸引世界领导人的注意”正确；这些世界各国领导人将出席哥本哈根，而不是说报告会在这个会议上引起热烈讨论，C选项“报告将在哥本哈根会议上引起热烈的讨论”错误。B选项“如果仔细核查统计数据，报告经不起推敲”：文中没有提到。因此D选项正确。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节。根据第七段第一句In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases.（Annan在描述这份报告的新闻稿中强调，谈判有必要把重点放在增加从富裕地区向贫困地区的资金流动上，以帮助这些地区降低对气候灾害的脆弱性，同时仍然控制温室气体的排放。），可知Annan认为重点应该是富裕地区帮助贫困地区面对气候灾害，而不是如何解决全球性的问题，D选项“富裕国家如何更好地帮助贫困地区减少气候灾害”正确；A选项“富国和穷国如何分担遏制全球变暖的责任”，B选项“如何减少气候变化造成的人类和经济损失”和C选项“如何在全球范围内减少温室气体的排放”错误。因此D选项正确。11. 单选题Jane and Susan have _ again and do not speak to each other.问题1选项A.fallen inB.fallen backC.fallen outD.fallen of【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项fallen in“倒塌”；B选项fallen back“后退，撤退”；C选项fallen out“闹翻”；D选项fallen of“的掉落”。句意：简和苏珊又_了，谁都不理谁。根据语境，这里指的是她们两人闹矛盾，都不搭理对方，C选项fallen out“闹翻”符合题意。因此C选项正确。12. 单选题She cast her eyes round the room in _ of a chair to sit in.问题1选项A.demandB.requirementC.questionD.quest【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项demand“要求；需求”，in demand of非固定搭配，demand for sth.“要求某物”；B选项requirement“必需品；必备条件”；C选项question“疑问；议题；困惑”；D选项quest“探索，寻找”，in quest of sth.“寻找/探索某事物”。句意：她向房间四下看，_椅子来坐。根据语境，这里指在房间里到处看，想找把椅子坐，D选项quest“探索，寻找”符合题意。因此D选项正确。13. 单选题According to the periodic table, _ still some elements undiscovered.问题1选项A.it seems thatB.here seemC.there seem to beD.it seems to be【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查固定句型。句意：根据元素周期表，似乎仍有一些元素未被发现。A选项it seems that放进来that引导的主语从句缺主语，语法错误；B选项here seem放进来句子缺主语，here不能充当主语成分；C选项there seem to be是there be句型，当seem用于there be结构时，其通常的表现形式为There seems to be，to be可以省略，也可以保留，但以保留为多见；D选项it seems to be中it指代不明确，用法错误。C选项there seem to be符合题意。因此C选项正确。14. 单选题Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how theyll change America. Rightly so. But selfishly, Im more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the worlds attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that were all hot-tempered single mothers who cant keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still cant escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers.These images have helped define the way all black women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simply to be herself.It wont be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what theyd like to see Michelle bring to the White Housemainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyonean impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着), confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image thats been around for far too long.1. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?2. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?3. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?4. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?5. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do?问题1选项A.She serves as a role model for African women.B.She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.C.She will present to the world a new image of African-American women.D.She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-American women.问题2选项A.They are victims of violence.B.They are of an inferior violence.C.They use quite a lot of body language.D.They live on charity and social welfare.问题3选项A.Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.B.How Michelle should behave as a public figure.C.How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.D.What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.问题4选项A.However many fans she has, she should remain modest.B.She shouldnt disappoint the African-American community.C.However hard she tries, she cant expect to please everybody.D.She will give priority to African-American womens concerns.问题5选项A.Help change the prevailing view about black women.B.Help her husband in the task of changing America.C.Outshine previous First Lady.D.Fully display her fine qualities.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段But selfishly, Im more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American womanAnd that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.（但就我个人而言，我更为米歇尔奥巴马着迷，以及她可能会为这个国家做些什么，也为我这个非裔美国女性做些什么这意味着人们将第一次有机会近距离接触他们很少见到的非裔美国女性。），可知作者关心的是非裔美国女性米歇尔可以为国家和非裔美国女性做些什么，因为她是很少见到的非裔美国女性，展示了非裔美国女性的新形象，C选项“她将向世界展示了非裔美国女性的新形象”正确。A选项“她是非洲妇女的榜样”：米歇尔是美国人而非非洲人。B选项“作为第一夫人，她拥有许多令人钦佩的品质”：作者没有具体提到米歇尔的优点。D选项“她将更加关注非洲裔美国妇女的利益”：根据第三段第二句Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simply to be herself.（在她有机会作为第一夫人投身于一项事业、慈善事业或基金会之前，她最紧迫、或许也是最复杂的职责可能就是做自己。），可知米歇尔的当务之急是做好自己，还没有到投身于事业的时候。因此C选项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句The prevailing theory seems to be that were all hot-tempered single mothers who cant keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still cant escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic mothers.（常见的理论似乎是，我们都是脾气暴躁的单身母亲，留不住男人。在人们的想象中，黑人女性仍然无法摆脱成见，在别人看来，她们受人歧视、性欲过度、被未婚酗酒的母亲养大。），前一句对应暴虐的特点，后一句对应粗俗的特点，B选项“她们粗俗暴虐”正确；在非洲裔美国女性的普遍刻板印象中，她们是施暴者而不是受害者，她们性欲过多而非肢体语言过多，A选项“她们是暴力的受害者”和C选项“她们过多使用肢体语言”错误。D选项“她们靠慈善和社会福利生活”：文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第五段第二句Many African-American blogs have written about what theyd like to see Michelle bring to the White Housemainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family.（许多非裔美国人的博客写了他们希望看到米歇尔给白宫带来什么主要是向世界展示，一位黑人女性可以支持她的丈夫，养育一个强大的黑人家庭。），可知许多非裔美国人期望米歇尔为白宫做的是展示如何做好妻子和母亲，D选项“作为妻子和母亲米歇尔在白宫应该做什么”正确。A选项“米歇尔是否能达到她的粉丝们的高度期望”和C选项“他们有一个黑人妇女入主白宫是多么的自豪”：文中没有提到。B选项“作为一个公众人物米歇尔应该如何表现”：这里更侧重的是作为女性，尤其是母亲和妻子，米歇尔该怎么做，而非只是作为公众人物。因此D选项正确。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise, confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image thats been around for far too long.（但对许多像我一样的非裔美国女性来说，只要她稍稍展现出一点沉着、自信和智慧，就将对改变长久以来人们对非裔美国女性的印象大有帮助。），可知作者希望米歇尔不要让人失望，展现自己的沉着、自信和智慧，B选项“她不应该让非裔美国人社区失望”正确。A选项“不管她有多少粉丝，都应该保持谦虚”：文中没有提到。C选项“不管她怎么努力，都不可能让每个人都满意”：根据文章倒数第二句Michelle will have to work to please everyonean impossible task.（米歇尔将不得不努力取悦每个人一项不可能完成的任务。），可知作者表达的重点是取悦每个人这件事情不可能做到，但是米歇尔必须努力去做，而非再努力也不能让每个人满意。D选项“她将优先考虑非裔美国妇女所关心之事”：根据第三段第二句Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simply to be herself.（在她有机会作为第一夫人投