考研考博-考博英语-湖北省联考模拟考试题含答案22

考研考博-考博英语-湖北省联考模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题Most of us would like to feel we have some influence over what happens around us and to us. Citizens speak out to influence policy on use of nuclear power, conserving the environment and endangered animals, local and state taxes, the appropriate use of funds by organizations of which they are members, proper land use and the nature of education in the public schools, and a host of other issues. Some of these affect the speakers immediate self-interest; others are attempts to make the social environment conform more closely to their own ideas. To speak on such matters effectively enough to influence the opinions and actions of others is to exercise power.Even in jobs relying on technical specialization, the opportunities and demands for public speaking skills remain more common than many college students realize. The engineer finds that if his career is to advance he must be willing to accept management duties that include speaking to groups of employees, or he must serve as a spokesperson for consultant teams presenting results to agencies outside the company. The certified public accountant finds an opportunity to teach classes in her area of speculation. The dentist has to give speeches as an officer of his dental association.Sometimes you may have to make a speech as part of your duties in your job or organization. Perhaps more frequently you will have opportunities where you speak voluntarily, as when you speak out in a meeting. Some of these speaking situations will be of little consequence; you will feel better if you do the speech well, but it will not really make much difference. In other situations, the speech may be significant for the audience. In these situations, it is comforting to know that you can do at least an adequate job. And you may not be content merely to get through the task adequately. To be able to increase listeners understanding or to persuade them is one of the most civilized ways we as individuals have for affecting our environment.Some beginning-speech students are surprised to discover that they can give a public speech at all, much less the skillful and effective ones they will be producing by the end of the course. The primary purposes of a speech course are to expand your understanding of techniques and strategies in public speaking, and to give you some practice so that you will be more confident and effective in more situations. With skill and confidence you develop a power to benefit yourself and the society around you.1.The text intends to show you（ ）.2.According to the passage, effective speaking ability does benefit people a lot except on（ ）.3.You need to speak effectively if （ ）.4.It is implied in the text that（ ）.5.Sometimes you are not content when you finish your speech because you know （ ）.问题1选项A.the importance of speaking before the publicB.the techniques and strategies in public speakingC.the purposes and aims of a speech courseD.the most civilized ways to exert our influences问题2选项A.environmental conservationB.audience awarenessC.technical maintenanceD.career promotion问题3选项A.you are a studentB.you are an engineerC.you want to study wellD.you want to influence others问题4选项A.a good speaker may have greater chance in his careerB.making good speeches is part of the duties of an engineerC.speaking at a meeting is often part of ones dutiesD.people often exercise their power by making speeches问题5选项A.your speech makes little difference to the audienceB.the audiences better understanding is more essential to youC.making good speeches is part of the duties of an engineerD.the speech-making occasion is not important in the least【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:1.结合文章内容可知，本文主要讲的是在公众面前讲话的重要性，选项B，C，D是文中提到的细节，不是本文主旨，所以选项A正确。2.根据第二段第一句“Even in jobs relying on . college students realize.”即使是在依靠专业技能的工作中，对公众演讲技能的机会和需求也比许多大学生意识到的更为普遍。由此可以推断，公众演讲对技能要求高，很难保持。选项C符合原文。3.根据第一段最后一句“To speak on such matters effectively enough to influence the opinions and actions of others is to exercise power.”在这样的问题上有效地发言，足以影响他人的意见和行动，就是在行使权力。也就是说， 如果你想影响别人，你的讲话一定要有效。选项D正确。4.根据第二段的第二句“The engineer finds that if his career is to advance he must be willing to accept management duties that include speaking to groups of employees.”工程师发现, 如果他的职业生涯想要发展，他必须愿意承担管理职责，包括向员工群体发表演讲.由此可以推断，一个好的演讲者在他的职业生涯中可能有更大的机遇。选项A符合原文。5.根据第三段最后两句可知，你可能不仅仅只是满足于完成（演讲）任务，能够增加听众的理解或说服他们是我们作为个体影响环境的最文明的方式之一。所有选项B符合原文。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:2. 单选题He was fired because of his （ ）refusal to follow orders.问题1选项A.obstinateB.obedientC.obsoleteD.obstructive【答案】A【解析】obstinate顽固的，倔强的；obedient服从的；obsolete废弃的；obstructive阻碍的，妨碍的。句意：他因固执地拒绝服从命令而被解雇了。选项A符合句意。3. 单选题They have had only on（ ）to gain the wealth.问题1选项A.objectivismB.objectionC.objectiveD.objectivity【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析。objectivism客观主义；objection反对, 异议；objective目的, 目标；objectivity 客观性。句意:他们只有一个目标就是获得财富。选项C符合句意。4. 单选题After the music had（ ）there was a storm of applause.问题1选项A.died outB.died hardC.died offD.died away【答案】D【解析】die out灭绝，消失；die hard难改掉，难断气；die off相继死去，逐个死亡；died away减弱，消失。根据句意，这里指音乐减弱直至消失，所以选项D符合句意。5. 写作题Directions: In this part, you are required to write an essay of no less than 200 words on “Is it worthwhile for you to make efforts in order to achieve your future success?” The essay should be based on the outlines below:Outline:1) Some people believe that making efforts is useless if you dont have a parent with power or money to help you with your future success.2) Others maintain that such practice would be harmful, especially for young people and making efforts is crucial and should be encouraged.3) Your opinions.【答案】【参考范文】Is it worthwhile for you to make efforts in order to achieve your future success?6. 单选题Because of the close （ ）of architects and builders, the building was completed ahead of schedule.问题1选项A.simulationB.compositionC.collaborationD.inflation【答案】C【解析】simulation模拟；composition作曲, 构成；collaboration合作；inflation膨胀。句意:由于建筑师和施工人员的密切合作, 这座建筑提前完工。选项C符合句意。7. 单选题Government is an institution resulting from mans group way of life which maintains a set of social controls in order to prevent chaos. In a small,homogeneous,simple society, these social controls can be imposed and enforced by the family or clan. But in a large, heterogeneous complex society,the institution of government takes over this function.For purposes of analysis,social control may be divided into moral control and political control. Moral control derives from the internalized beliefs and values of a society and regulations, each individuals behavior without the use of outside enforcement. Political control does involve enforcement from the outside since the individual is not always certain that the rule he is following is just and right. He follows it to conform,to avoid punishment, or to receive social rewards.Political control is an outgrowth of moral control,and its effectiveness depends on the willingness of the members of society to accept the governments authority as just and right. A government that is forced to coerce or threaten most of its members into accepting political control not backed with moral control will not survive long. In addition,a wide discrepancy between moral and political control will result in a condition of general lawlessness. Such a condition has occurred in the United States on several occasions and is now evident among some groups of society according to “The Roots of Lawlessness” by historian Henry Steele Commander.Government, a major social institution, may be viewed as a set of procedures by which a society realizes a good portion of its goals. Government is further unique as an institution because it serves to reinforce the function of other institutions. Thus,individuals violating the rules and regulation of the economic,educational,or family institutions must ultimately face the punitive power of government.1.A condition characterized by the absence of social organization and social control, and by the belief that political authority is unnecessary is（ ）.2.The internalized form of social control is（ ）.3.Legitimate power rightfully exercised is called（ ）.4.Which statement is NOT correct?问题1选项A.moral controlB.political powerC.anarchyD.authority问题2选项A.commitmentB.powerC.authorityD.government问题3选项A.authorityB.charismaC.legitimacyD.morality问题4选项A.Political control must occasionally be controlled by an outside force.B.Political control can exist without moral control in a society.C.Political control reinforce moral control.D.Political control emanates from within.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B【解析】1.根据第一段第一句“Government is an institution resulting from mans group way of life which maintains a set of social controls in order to prevent chaos.”政府是人类群体生活方式所产生的机构, 它维持着一系列的社会控制以防止混乱。反过来说, 缺乏社会组织和社会控制, 认为政治权威是不必要的, 是无政府的状态。所以选项C正确。2.根据第一段的第一句可知, 社会控制的内在化形式是政府。选项D正确。3.根据第三段第一句“Political control is an outgrowth of moral control,and its effectiveness depends on the willingness of the members of society to accept the governments authority as just and right.”政治控制是道德控制的产物, 它的有效性取决于社会成员是否愿意把政府的权威看作是正当的和正义的东西。所以正当行使合法权力被称为权威。选项A正确。4.根据第三段第二句“A government that is forced to coerce or threaten most of its members into accepting political control not backed with moral control will not survive long.”被迫威逼大多数成员接受没有道德控制支持的政治控制的政府不会长久。也就是说, 政治控制不能在没有道德控制的社会中存在。选项B与之刚好相反, 所以不正确。8. 单选题Our stomachs can often be a mystery to us and many of us dont realize just how much the food we eat can impact on our mood and mental well-being.According to charity Allergy UK, a shocking 45% of us suffers with food and drink intolerances, beveragethis is called food intolerance.Food intolerance is a much more common problem than food allergy and one of the most harmful symptoms can be low mood. 1 in 4 people in the UK will suffer problems with their mood or mental health every year,with anti-depressant prescriptions increasing by over 40 % in the last 5 years.Recent research from York Test Laboratories, leading experts in food intolerance testing, has found that 97% of their customers reported problems relating to mood as a significant symptom of their food intolerance, of which 73% felt that their mood had significantly improved after altering their diets to remove foods to which they reacted.In addition, in a recent paper published in the Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences,over 81 % of patients reported a significant improvement in mood and mental well-being as a direct consequence of applying the dietary changes recommended by York Test.So how is it that the food we eat can have such a significant impact on our mood?Bidirectional connections between the gut and the brain are complex and are regulated in the body in three different ways: through nerves,hormones and the immune system. The gut mediates the bodys immune response; at least 70 per cent of our immune system is situated in the gut and is used to expel and kill foreign invaders.Our gut contains some 100 million neurons (nerve cells) , more than in either the spinal cord or the peripheral nervous system. All of these neurons lining our digestive system do much more than merely handle digestion or cause occasional nervous feelings. Our gut partly determines our mental state and plays key roles in certain diseases throughout the body. Many people will not be aware that 90% of serotonin（血清素）, the brains “happy hormone” is produced in the gutit is for these reasons that the gut is often referred to as the second brain.In addition, research has shown that depression is frequently associated with gastrointestinal（肠胃的）inflammationa common symptom of food intolerance. By tackling unidentified food intolerances, not only will physical symptoms benefit, but mental health symptoms can often show significant improvement.There are a number of ways to identify potentially mood suppressing food intolerances. One that I recommend is scientifically validated and well researched is York Test. Its food and drink intolerance test called Food & Drink Scan can uncover potential food and drink triggers, allowing people to simply modify their diets with life changing health benefits.1.The over 40% increase of anti-depressant prescriptions in the last 5 years in the UK was attributed to（ ） .2.Which is NOT one of the reasons why the gut is often referred to as the “second brain”?3.What frequently has a causal connection with depression?4.What is the purpose in ones taking York Test?问题1选项A.food intoleranceB.foreign invadersC.food allergyD.food triggers问题2选项A.Our gut contains more nerve cells than in the spinal cord.B.The neurons in the gut contribute solely to effective digestion.C.90% of the brains “happy hormone” is produced in the gut.D.Certain diseases result from our digestive system.问题3选项A.A psychiatric disorder.B.Bidirectional treatment.C.Gastrointestinal inflammation.D.Unidentified physical problems.问题4选项A.To validate the scientific research.B.To detect the source of food intolerance.C.To invent a modification of life style.D.To prescribe anti-depressant drugs【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B【解析】第1题:1.根据第三段的内容可知, 食物耐受不良是一个比食物过敏更常见的问题, 最有害的症状之一是情绪低落。在英国, 每年有四分之一的人情绪或心理健康都会出现问题, 在过去的五年中, 抗抑郁药物的处方数量增加了40%以上。所以选项A正确。2.根据第八段的内容可知, 选项A, C, D均符合原文;根据第二句“All of these neurons lining our digestive system do much more than merely handle digestion or cause occasional nervous feelings.”所有这些排列在我们消化系统中的神经元不仅仅是处理消化, 偶尔也会引起紧张情绪。选项B描述太绝对, 所以不正确。3.根据第九段第一句“research has shown that depression is frequently associated with gastrointestinal inflammation”研究表明抑郁症经常与肠胃炎联系在一起。所以选项C正确。4.根据最后一段最后一句“Its food and drink intolerance test called Food & Drink Scan can uncover potential food and drink triggers.”这项名为“饮食扫描”的饮食耐受不良测试, 可以发现饮食耐受不良潜在的诱因。选项B符合原文。第2题:第3题:第4题:9. 单选题Education is one of the key words of our time. A man, without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states “invest” in institutions of learning to get back “interest” in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, is punctuated by textbooksthose purchasable wells of wisdomwhat would civilization be like without its benefits?So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births; but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on “facts and figures” and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of “college” imaginable. Among the people whom we like to call savages all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally equipped for life.It is the ideal condition of the “equal start” which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no “illiterates”一if the term can be applied to people without a scriptwhile our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of “civilized” nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the “happy few” during the past centuries.Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents, therefore the jungles and the grasslands know of no “juvenile delinquency”. No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children and no father is confronted with his inability to “buy” an education for his child.1.The word “interest” in the first paragraph most probably means（ ）.2.According to the passage, the author seems to be （ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that（ ）. 4.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?5.The best title for this passage is（ ）. 问题1选项A.pleasureB.returnsC.shareD.knowledge问题2选项A.against the education in the very early historic timesB.in favor of the educational practice in primitive culturesC.quite happy to see an equal start for everyoneD.positive about our present educational instruction问题3选项A.the aim of “equal start” has already been reached among savagesB.savages in ancient times are more civilized than modern peopleC.the modern education system is more democratic than beforeD.there are no illiterates in civilized nations in todays society问题4选项A.Education cant work without the benefits of textbooks.B.We have not yet decided on our educational models.C.Compulsory schooling is not existent in all nations.D.Our spiritual outlook is better now than before.问题5选项A.Education and Modern CivilizationB.The Significance of Modern EducationC.Educational Investment and the Profit It BringsD.Education: A Comparison between Past and Present【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.根据原文句意：由于深信教育的重要性，现代国家“投资”于学习机构，培养一大批开明的，有可能成为领导的青年男女，以此来获得“回报”。“invest”和“interest”相对应，所以选项B正确。2.根据第三段第一句“It is the ideal condition of the “equal start” which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain.”这是“平等起步”的理想状态，只有我们最先进的现代教育形式才试图恢复这种理想状态。由此可以推断，作者似乎赞同原始文化中的平等教育传统，所以选项B符合原文。3.根据第二段的最后两句，在我们喜欢称之为野蛮人的人群中，所有由传统继承的知识都为所有人所共享;它被教导给部落的每一个成员，因此在这方面，每个人都是平等地为生活做好准备。由此可知，野蛮人已经达到了“平等起步”的目标，所以选项A正确。4.根据第三段“.our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of “civilized” nations.”德国于1642年将义务教育列入法律条文，法国在1806年，英国是在1876年，但是在一些“文明”国家仍然不存在。由此可知，并非所有的国家都有义务教育，选项C符合原文。5.结合全文内容可知，本文主要将过去的教育和现代的教育进行对比，指出现代教育的不足之处，选项D最能概括全文，所以正确。10. 单选题Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human beings. Much has been written about the diversity of terrestrial organisms, particularly the exceptionally rich life associated with tropical rain-forest habitats. Relatively little has been said, however, about diversity of life in the sea even though coral reef systems are comparable to rain forests in terms of richness of life.An alien exploring the Earth would probably give priority to the planets dominant, most distinctive feature一the ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes gets in the way of truly examining global issues. Seen from far away, it is easy to realize that landmasses occupy one-third of the Earths surface. Given that two-thirds of the Earths surface is water and that marine life lives at all levels of the ocean, the total three- dimensi