考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学模拟考试题含答案46

考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题At three thousand feet, wide plains begin to appear, and there is never a moment when some distant mountain is not（ ）.问题1选项A.on viewB.at a glanceC.on the sceneD.in sight【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项on view“在展出，陈列着”；B选项at a glance“立刻，一眼就”；C选项on the scene“在场，出现，到场”；D选项in sight“看得见，在视野内”。分析“some distant mountain is not_”可知空格处的内容作表语，说明主语some distant mountain（远处的山脉），结合句意，可知D选项符合语境。句意：在三千英尺的地方，宽阔的平原开始出现了，而且时刻可以看得见远处的山脉。2. 单选题Our corporations obligation under this （ ）is limited to repair or replacement.问题1选项A.warrantyB.licenseC.marketD.necessity【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项warranty“（商品） 保用单”；B选项license“执照，许可证”；C选项market“市场，交易”；D选项necessity“必然，必要”。根据 repair or replacement（修理或更换）可知A选项符合语境。句意：我公司在本保证项下的义务仅限于修理或更换。3. 单选题When Jack was eighteen he（ ）going around with a strange set of people and staying out very late.问题1选项A.took toB.took upC.took forD.took on【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项take to“喜欢”；B选项take up“开始从事”；C选项take for“认为，当作”；D选项take on“承担”。根据句意可知A选项符合语境。句意：杰克十八岁时喜欢跟一群奇怪的人混在一起，常常在外面待到很晚才回来。4. 单选题The structure of the global economy（ ）that developing countries put all their efforts into raising cash usually by exporting whatever virgin resources the industrial world might desire.问题1选项A.dictatesB.regulatesC.allowsD.appeals【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项dictate“口述，强行规定，支配”；B选项regulate“（用规则条例）约束，控制，管理”；C选项allow“允许，准许，给予”；D选项appeal“上诉，申诉，呼吁”。原句表示“全球经济结构_发展中国家竭尽全力筹集资金通常是通过出口工业国家想要的任何原始资源”，因此C选项符合语境。句意：全球经济结构允许发展中国家竭尽全力筹集资金通常是通过出口工业国家想要的任何原始资源。5. 单选题Behind his large smiles and large cigars, his eyes often seemed to（ ）regret.问题1选项A.teem withB.look withC.brim withD.come with【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项teem with“充满，大量涌现”，一般与数量有关，不与抽象名词连用；B选项look with“用方式看”；C选项brim with“充满，洋溢”，常与抽象名词连用；D选项come with“伴随发生，与一起来”。句中的regret为抽象名词，因此选C。句意：在他灿烂的笑容和嘴里的大雪茄背后，他的眼睛似乎常常充满着悲伤。6. 单选题（ ）scientists have observed increased pollution in the water supply.问题1选项A.LateB.LaterC.LatterD.Lately【答案】D【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项late“晚的”；B选项later“后来的，以后，其后”；C选项latter“（刚提及的两者中）后者的，（系列中）最后的”；D选项lately“最近，近来”。根据have observed可知句子为现在完成时，因此选D。句意：最近，科学家们观察到供水中的污染增加了。7. 单选题As the head of the department was away on a business trip, I was asked to（ ）the weekly staff meeting.问题1选项A.chairB.introduceC.presideD.dominate【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项chair“担任（会议、讨论等的）主席，主持（会议、讨论等）”，是及物动词；B选项introduce“介绍，引入”；C选项preside“主持，指挥，担任会议主席”，是不及物动词，后面不能直接跟宾语，故排除；D选项dominate“支配，控制”。由the weekly staff meeting（每周员工会议）可知A选项符合语境。句意：由于部门主管出差，我被要求主持每周的员工会议。8. 翻译题Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into Chinese.When the objects of an inquiry, in any department, have principles, causes, or elements, it is through acquaintance with these that knowledge and understanding is attained. For we do not think that we know a thing until we are acquainted with its primary causes or first principles, and have carried our analysis as far as its elements. Plainly, therefore, in the science of nature too our first task will be to try to determine what relates to its principles. The natural way of doing this is to start from the things which are more knowable and clear to us and proceed towards those which are clearer and more knowable by nature, for the same things are not knowable relatively to us and knowable without qualification. So we must follow this method and advance from what is more obscure by nature, but clearer to us, towards what is clearer and more knowable by nature. Now what is to us plain and clear at first is rather confused masses, the elements and principles of which become known to us later by analysis.【答案】在任何领域，当研究对象有其存在的原理、因素或元素时，只有通过了解这些事物，才能获得知识和理解。因为只有当我们知道某事物的主要成因或基本原理，并对其组成元素进行进一步分析时，我们才可以称我们了解该事物。因此，很明显，在自然科学中，我们的首要任务将是设法确定各原理之间的联系。这样做的自然方式是从对我们来说更清晰易知的事物开始，然后延伸至本质上更加清晰易知的事物，因为对我们来说，同样事物的可知性并不是相当的，并且也不是没有限制的。因此，我们必须遵循这一方法，从本质上模糊但对自己来说更加清楚的事物，发展到本质上既清晰又易知的事物中去。现在对我们来说，最简单明了的事物对大众来说是十分疑惑，其要素和原理可以通过后期的分析而为人们所了解。9. 单选题The children have a more（ ）view, only taking in consideration what will work.问题1选项A.pragmaticB.drearyC.maritalD.dominant【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项pragmatic“实用的，讲求实效的”；B选项 dreary“令人沮丧的，沉闷的”；C选项marital“婚姻的，夫妻关系的”；D选项dominant“首要的，占支配地位的，占优势的”。由后面的“only taking in consideration what will work（只有考虑到什么才能起作用）”可知A选项最符合逻辑搭配。句意：孩子们有一个更实用的观点，只考虑什么会起作用。10. 单选题This kind of material can （ ）heat and moisture.问题1选项A.deleteB.repelC.compelD.constrain【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项 delete“删除”；B选项repel“抗拒，抵御”；C选项compel“强迫，迫使”；D选项constrain“强迫，限制，约束”。根据宾语heat and moisture（热和潮湿）可知B选项符合逻辑。句意：这种材料能抵御热和潮湿。11. 单选题Plastics are the best insulator of electricity, rubber（ ）it closely.问题1选项A.followingB.followedC.to followD.being followed【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词的不定式表示将来或目的，过去分词表示被动，现在分词表示主动。句中的it指代plastic，此处表示rubber紧跟plastic后面，为主动关系，因此选A。句意：塑料是最好的绝缘材料，橡胶紧随其后。12. 单选题（ ）the way, we set off on foot into the dark night.问题1选项A.The guide ledB.With the guide leadingC.With the guide to leadD.With the guide lead【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词的不定式表示将来或目的，过去分词表示被动，现在分词表示主动。句中的guide（导游）与lead（带领）之间表示主动关系，因此选B。句意：在导游的带领下，我们在黑夜里步行出发了。13. 单选题A cobweb glistening with dew seems as（ ）as it is lovely.问题1选项A.fragileB.frigidC.stridentD.tedious【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项fragile“易碎的，脆弱的”；B选项frigid“严寒的，寒冷的，冷淡的”；C选项strident“刺耳的”；D选项tedious“冗长的，啰唆的，单调乏味的”。由“有露珠闪烁的蜘蛛网看上去又_，又可爱”可知空格处的词语要与cobweb（蜘蛛网）在逻辑上搭配，且与lovely的感情色彩一致，因此选A。句意：有露珠闪烁的蜘蛛网看上去又脆弱又可爱。14. 单选题Mr. Lee is far too wise a man not（ ）that.问题1选项A.seeingB.being seenC.seeD.to see【答案】D【解析】考查固定结构。too.to表示“太以至于不能”，too. not to属于双重否定的结构，表示“太不能不”。句意：李先生太聪明了，不会不知道这点的。15. 单选题One of the wrong notions about science is that many scientific discoveries have come about（ ）.问题1选项A.accordinglyB.accidentallyC.artificiallyD.additionally【答案】B【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项accordingly“照着，相应地，因此”；B选项accidentally“偶然地，意外地，非故意地”；C选项artificially“人工的，人造的”；D选项additionally“此外”。空格处副词修饰动词，B选项符合语境。句意：关于科学的错误观念之一是许多科学发现是偶然发生的。16. 翻译题Translate the following two paragraphs into Chinese,How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree? Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. His mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research. If you dont have unpredictable things, you dont have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals, but history is filled with examples of it.Its a rough world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coining disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers misfortunes.【答案】 有多少人会考虑苹果掉到树上的可能性？牛顿这样考虑过，是因为他没有试图预测任何事情。他只是好奇。他的思想已准备好应付不可预测的事。不可预测性是研究本质的一部分。如果没有不可预测的事物，就没有研究。科学家们在为专业的期刊撰写枯燥的报告时更倾向于不去研究那些自己难以捉摸的事，但历史上充满了这样的例子。外面是一个危险的世界。如果你走到外面去，可能会滑倒在门垫上，摔伤一条腿。如果你点燃炉子，可能会把房子烧掉。幸运的是，如果门垫或炉子没有发出制造灾难的警告，一次成功的诉讼可能会补偿你所受的损失。从20世纪80年代初，人们的想法就是这样的了，那时候陪审团认为商家对消费者的不幸应该负担更多的责任。17. 单选题The wealth of a country should be（ ）the health and happiness of its people measured as well as the material goods it can produce.问题1选项A.in line withB.in terms ofC.in regard withD.by means of【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项in line with“跟一致，符合”；B选项in terms of“根据”；C选项in regard of“关于，至于”；D选项by means of“用，依靠”。根据measured（判断）可知B选项符合语境。句意：衡量一个国家的财富要根据它的人民的健康和幸福，以及它可以提供的物质产品。18. 单选题Heavy smokers are twenty times more likely to be（ ）by lung cancer than non-smokers.问题1选项A.grippedB.strickenC.attackedD.ravaged【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项grip“紧握，抓牢”；B选项strike“击打，碰撞”，指灾难或疾病的爆发；C选项attack“攻击，进攻”，指暴力性的袭击或者战争的攻击；D选项ravage“毁坏”。由lung cancer（肺癌）可知选B符合逻辑搭配。句意：烟瘾大的人患肺癌的几率是不吸烟者的20倍。19. 单选题Chinas（ ）cultural heritage should be better protected through increased efforts to preserve endangered art.问题1选项A.indivisibleB.intelligibleC.intangibleD.inalienable【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项indivisible“分不开的，不可分割的”；B选项intelligible“易懂的，容易理解的”；C选项intangible“难以形容（或理解）的，无形的（指没有实体存在的资本性资产）”；D选项inalienable“不可剥夺（或分割）的”。由cultural heritage（文化遗产）及语境可知选C。句意：中国的非物质文化遗产应该通过加大努力保护濒危艺术而得到更好的保护。20. 单选题One student after another（ ）up to answer the teachers questions.问题1选项A.standB.standsC.standingD.to stand【答案】B【解析】考查主谓一致。分析句子，可知“_ up”为谓语动词，“to answer the teachers questions”为不定式作目的状语，故排除C、D。one.after another（一个接一个）后面的谓语动词应用单数形式，因此选B。句意：学生一个接一个站起来回答老师的问题。