考研考博-考博英语-华南师范大学模拟考试题含答案5

考研考博-考博英语-华南师范大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题He would go to endless（ ）to help anyone he thought worthy of encouragement.问题1选项A.difficultyB.obstacleC.troubleD.nuisance【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: difficulty “困难” ；B: obstacle “障碍”；C: trouble “麻烦”；D: nuisance “讨厌的东西（人，行为）麻烦事”。句意：他帮助任何他认为值得鼓励的人会带来无尽的麻烦。结合此处语境，C为正确答案。2. 单选题If these shoes are too big, ask the clerk to bring you a smaller（ ）.问题1选项A.pairB.suitC.oneD.set【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果这些鞋太大了，请店员给你拿一双更小的。结合语境，由前文谈及 “这些鞋子”，即应该是成对的，故应该用“一双”，则 A为正确答案。3. 单选题There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling.If spelling become the only focal point of his teachers interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to play safe. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. Thats why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: “This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible.” It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupils technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the childs deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the childs ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.1.Teachers differ in their opinions about（ ）.2.The expression play safe probably means（ ）.3.Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that（ ）.4.The writer seems to think that the teachers judgment on that sensitive piece of writing is（ ）.5.The major point discussed in the passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.the difficulties in teaching spellingB.the role of spelling in general language developmentC.the complexities of the basic writing skillsD.the necessity of teaching spelling问题2选项A.to write carefullyB.to do as teachers sayC.Io use dictionaries frequentlyD.to avoid using words one is not sure of问题3选项A.students will be able to express their ideas more freelyB.teachers will have less trouble in correcting mistakesC.students will have more confidence in writingD.students will learn to be independent of teachers问题4选项A.reasonableB.unfairC.foolishD.careless问题5选项A.the importance of developing writing skillsB.the complexities of spellingC.the correct way of marking compositionsD.the relationship between spelling and the content of a composition【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中 “There are，however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority it must be given over general language development and writing ability”，中文翻译为 “然而，对于怎么来教拼写或者是从提高整个语言的发展和写作能力 方面来说，把拼写放在什么样优先的地位存在着许多不同的看法。”以及 “The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling.”中文翻译为：“所存在的问题是， 在写作当中怎样鼓励孩子不要让复杂的拼写来影响他流畅地，自信地表达自己的 思想。”推断出教学分歧在于怎样教授拼写、以及把拼写放在什么样优先的地位。结合语境，B选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中 “If spelling become the only focal point of his teachers interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to play safe. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language”， 中文翻译为 “如果字的拼写成为老师关心的唯一焦点，很明显，聪明的孩子很可能就会为保险起见，只写一些他会写的字，避免因冒险而出错的语言。”可以推测出D选项“避免用他/她不确定的内容”正确。3.推理判断题。由题干the use of dictionaries可以定位到文章第二段中 He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. Thats why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.” 中文翻译为“他只写一些他会写的字，避免因冒险而出错的语言。那就是为什么老师常常鼓励学生很 早就要使用字典，而且写作时重视内容而非拼写技能。可以推测出A选项“学生能更自由地表达自己的想法”正确。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章中 “It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupils technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child s deep feelings” 中文翻译为“这对于 一个学生的写作技能也许是一次尖锐的批评，但它同时也悲哀地反映出那位老师 忽视了去阅读一篇包含了表达孩子内心感情的文章。” 以及后文“The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors.虽然老师注意到了这些问题并没有错”可以得知B选项符合题意。5.主旨大意题。原文前面提出“There are,however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority it must be given over general language development and writing ability”，中文翻译为 “然而，对于怎么来教拼写或者是从提高整个语言的发展和写作能力 方面来说，把拼写放在什么样优先的地位存在着许多不同的看法。”后面则写道：注意拼写会限制 学生写文章，但是不注意拼写会造成作文的拼写错误。综合考虑，可以推测出D选项正确。4. 单选题Her professional ethics is now being questioned since she often（ ）her reports to suit the people she is speaking to.问题1选项A.disfiguresB.deformsC.misshapesD.distorts【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A: disfigures “丑化”；B: deforms “使变形”；C: misshapes “变成畸形”；D: distorts “扭曲”。句意：她专业的伦理学现在正被质疑，因为她经常扭曲她的报告来迎合她交谈的人。根据句意，D符合题意。5. 单选题It was the largest experiment we have ever had; it（ ）six hours.问题1选项A.endedB.finishedC.wasD.lasted【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我们做过的最大的实验。此实验持续6小时。结合此处语境，D为正确答案。6. 单选题Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent myths. At the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems; to read, write and compute at certain levels, and to resolve abstract equations quickly. This vision of intelligence asserts formal education and bookish excellence as the true measures self-fulfillment. It encourages a kind of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging results. We have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at some form of school discipline is intelligent. Yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates. A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day.If you are happy if you live each moment for everything its worth, then you are intelligent person. Problem solving is a useful help to your happiness, but if you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself, or at a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness, then you are intelligent, your are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big N.B.D Nervous Break Down.“Intelligent people do not have N. B.Ds because they are in charge of themselves. They know how to choose happiness over depression because they know how to deal with the problems of their lives.You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of usEveryone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties Disagreements, conflict and compromises are a part of what it means to be human. Similarly, money, growing old, sickness, deaths, natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virtually all human being. But some people are able to make it, to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while others collapse or have an N.B.D.Those who recognize problems as a human condition and dont measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know; also, the most rare.1.According to the author the conventional notion of intelligence measured in terms of ones ability to read, write and compute（ ）.2.It is implied in the passage that holding a university degree（ ）.3.The author thinks that an intelligent person knows（ ）.4.In the last paragraph, the author tells us that（ ）.5.According to the passage, what kind of people are rare?问题1选项A.is a widely held but wrongB.will help eliminate intellectual prejudiceC.the root of all mental distressD.will contribute to ones self fulfillment问题2选项A.may result in ones inability to solve complex real- life problem:B.does not indicate ones ability to write properly worded documentsC.may make one mentally sick and physically weakD.does not mean that one is highly intelligent问题3选项A.how to put up with some very prevalent mythsB.how to find the best way to achieve success in lifeC.how to avoid depression and make his life worthwhileD.how to persuade others to compromise问题4选项A.difficulties are but part of everyone s lifeB.depression and unhappiness are unavoidable in lifeC.everybody should learn to avoid trying circumstancesD.good feelings can contribute to eventual academic excellence问题5选项A.Those who dont emphasize bookish excellence in their pursuit of happinessB.Those who are not aware of difficulties in life but know how to avoid unhappinessC.Those who measure happiness by an absence of problems but seldom suffer from N. B.Ds.D.Those who are able to secure happiness though having to struggle against trying circumstances【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段“Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent myths” 中文翻译为“对自己负责包括平息一些非常流行的神话。”结合语境，因此A为最佳选项。2.细节推理题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中 “We have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at some form of school discipline is intelligent Yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates. ” 中文翻译为：我们开始相信，那些拥有更多教育价值徽章并且非常擅长某种形式的 学校纪律的人是聪明的。然而，精神病院里挤满了那些拥有所有字母证书的病人。可以得知D选项符合题意。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中 “A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day. ” 中文翻译为更真实的智力指标是一种有效的、幸福的生活，活在每一天和当下的每一刻。以及“If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything its worth, then you are an intelligent person.”，中文翻译为：如果你快乐，每一分钟都过得值得，那么你就是聪明的人。此外“They know how to choose happiness over depression.”，中文翻译为：聪明的人知道如何选择幸福而不是沮丧。因此，C最符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段 “Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties. Disagreements, conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human.”，中文翻译为：“每个在任何社会环境中与其他人打交道的人都有类似的困难。分歧、冲突和妥协是作为人的意义的一部分。”故A最符合题意。5.细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到原文“Those who recognize problems as a human condition and dont measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know; also, the most rare.” 中文翻译为：“那些能够懂得各种困难是人生难免的状况，不以是否遭遇问题来衡量幸福与否的人是最聪明，也是出类拔萃的。”可以得知B项最为符合。7. 单选题To impress a future employer one should dress neatly, be（ ） , and display interest in the job.问题1选项A.swiftB.instantC.timelyD.punctual【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 swift “迅速的，敏捷的，立刻的”；B选项 instant “立即的，直接的，紧迫的”；C选项 timely “及时的”；D选项 punctual “按时的，准时的”。句意：要想给未来老板留下好印象，应聘者应穿着整齐，严格准时，并且表现出对工作的兴趣。结合句意，D选项正确。8. 单选题When the committee（ ）to details, the proposed plan seemed impractical.问题1选项A.got downB.set aboutC.went offD.came up【答案】A【解析】考查词组get down do sth./doing sth. “开始认真注意（或对待）某事”。句意：当委员会着手讨论所提出的计划的细节时，发现该计划似乎并不实际。结合句意可知A选项正确。9. 单选题Most people tend to think they are so efficient at their job that they are（ ）.问题1选项A.inaccessibleB.irreversibleC.immovableD.irreplaceable【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: inaccessible “达不到的；难见到的” ；B: irreversible “不可逆的；不能翻转的”；C: immovable “不可移动的；固定的”；D: irreplaceable “不能调换的；不能代替的”。句意：大多数人都认为自己的工作效率很高，无人能取代他们。结合句意，故D为正确答案。10. 单选题The president placed a wreath on the monument to the heroes and then made a speech to pay（ ）to the great achievements of the martyrs.问题1选项A.complimentB.gratitudeC.tributeD.commendation【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: compliment “恭维；敬意”；B: gratitude “感激”；C: tribute “致敬；悼念”；D: commendation “表扬；嘉奖状”。 句意：总统在纪念碑上放了一个花圈敬给英雄们，然后，发表讲话，以致敬烈士的伟大成就。根据语境和句意，C最合适。11. 单选题He thought the painting was of little（ ）, so he let me have it for only ten pounds.问题1选项A.costB.valueC.priceD.expenses【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: cost “成本；花费” ；B: value “价值”；C: price “价格”；D: expenses “开销”。句意：他认为这幅画没有什么价值，所以他只给了我十英镑。结合此处语境，B为正确答案。12. 单选题When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturers claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the higher up the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settleD.In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumers favor, assuming he or she has a just claim.Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear is better than This stereo does not work.The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers5 rights.1.When a consumer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to（ ）.2.If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, its better to complain to（ ）.3.The most effective complaint can be made by（ ）.4.The phrase live up to(Line 1, Par1)in the context means（ ）.5.The passage tells us（ ）.问题1选项A.complain personally to the managerB.threaten to take the matter to courtC.write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchaseD.show some written proof of the purchase to the store问题2选项A.a shop assistB.a store managerC.the manufacturerD.a public organization问题3选项A.showing the faulty item to the manufacturerB.explaining exactly what is wrong with the itemC.saying firmly that the item is of poor qualityD.asking politely to change the item问题4选项A.meet the standard ofB.realize the purpose ofC.fulfill the demands ofD.keep the promise of问题5选项A.how to settle a consumers complaint about a faulty itemB.how to make an effective complaint about a faulty itemC.how to avoid buying a faulty itemD.how to deal with complaints from customers【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中 “When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturers claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase.”中文翻译为：“当消费者发现自己购买的物品有瑕疵或在其他方面达不到制造商所声称 的那样时，首先应出示在某商场购买某商品的相关保单、记录或证明。”可以得知D选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中 “A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the “higher up the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled.” 中文翻译为“许多消费者使用的一种简单 而普遍的方法是直接向商店经理投诉。般来说，消费者的投诉越高，问题就能越快得到解决。”结合语境，B为正确答案。3. 细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章中 “Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements.” 中文翻译为“抱怨是最有效的，当它礼貌而坚定地进行时，尤其是当消费者能够证明所涉物品有什么问题时。如果不能做到这一点，消费者最好通过提供具体信息 来说明什么是错的，而不是做一般性的陈述。”可以得知B选项符合题意。4.词义猜测题。由题干可以定位到文章中 “When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturers claim for it.” 中文翻译为“当消费者发现 自己购买的物品有瑕疵或在其他方面不像制造商所宣称的那样” 与前文的 “faulty 瑕疵”都是表达商品的不达标。A项“不辜负；达到的标准”正确。5.主旨大意题。根据文章大意：顾客在购买了有瑕疵的商品后如何进行最有效的投诉可知B项“如何对有瑕疵的物品提出有效的投诉”。13. 单选题The story is told that in the, medieval University of Paris the professors were disputing about the number of teeth in a horses mouth. They agreed that the number could not be a multiple of three, for that would be an offense to the Trinity; nor could it be a multiple a seven. Neither the records of Aristotle nor the arguments of St Thomas enabled them to solve the problem. Then a shocking thing happened. A student who had been listening the discussion went out, opened a horsed mouth and counted the teeth.I want to draw two conclusions from this parable. The first is that our present perplexities about universities derive from the act of this medieval student. He symbolizes the beginning of objective inquiry, the revolt against authority, the empirical attitude, the linking of academic study with the facts of life. His act introduced research into the university. After the horses mouth was opened knowledge became an open system. The second-conclusion is that we must think twice before we become nostalgic about the traditional university ideal. Not everything about the traditional university is worth preserving. The medieval university was hostile to what we now call academic freedom. To stay outside the corpus academicism set books even to interpret them in novel ways was to court heresy. The traditional university was not much interested in discovery: it was preoccupied with transmission of a crystallized culture. It was at certain periods not even interested in knowledge for its own sake. Many scholars pursued knowledge. If nor for preferment then as a means of spiritual and intellectual health, just as a man plays, golf not for the sake of golf but to keep down weight.I want to follow these two lines of thought by raising three question. The first is what do we want to perpetuate from the universitys long tradition? What, in other words, is the content of our loyalty to the university ideal? Secondly what obligations does the university have_what loyalties ought it to fostertowards contemporary society? And thirdly, what are the prospects that these two loyalties one to a traditional university ideal the other to the society in which we live can be reconciled?1.The passage mainly discusses（ ）.2.The author uses the parable to show that（ ）.3.The passage states that（ ）.4.The author would probably agree with（ ）.5.The word “novel” in paragraph 2 is a synonym to（ ）.6.It could be inferred that the author mentions all the following except（ ）.问题1选项A.the most important function of a universityB.the differences between modern a