2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考试名师点拨押题密卷65（含答案详解）

2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题A product is to be regarded as being （ ）when introduced into the commerce of another country at less than its normal value.问题1选项A.dischargedB.discardedC.disposedD.dumped【答案】D【解析】上下文语义。句意：一种产品以低于正常价值的价格进入另一国家的贸易时，被认为是 。根据语境可知，这里应填入与进出口货物相关的词汇。dump指倾销，符合语境，选项D正确。2. 单选题Our boss is taking everyone to the ballet tonight, and I need to make sure my new dress（ ） for the occasion.问题1选项A.has been cleanedB.should have been cleanedC.is being cleanedD.has been cleaning【答案】A【解析】句意：老板今晚要带大家去看芭蕾舞剧，我得确保我的新衣服洗干净了。根据句意可知这里应用现在完成时，首先排除选项C；选项B表示本应该洗却没有洗，不符合语境；衣服是被洗，用被动语态，所以选项A正确。3. 单选题（ ） the gift in beautiful green paper, Sarah departed for the party.问题1选项A.Having wrappedB.To wrapC.WrapD.Wrapping【答案】A【解析】这里是动词的现在分词作伴随状语，根据主句的时态可知，本句应用现在完成时。所以选项A正确。4. 单选题Evidence, reference, and footnotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different theoretical and political positions.问题1选项A.trustworthyB.intelligentC.diligentD.meticulous【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。scrupulous指小心谨慎的。trustworthy 可靠的，可信赖的；intelligent聪明的；diligent用功的，费尽心思的；meticulous小心翼翼的。选项D与划线部分意思最为接近。5. 单选题For the last 20 years or so the subject of global warming has（ ）heated debate among the worlds brightest minds.问题1选项A.spawnedB.injectedC.modeledD.moved【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：在过去20年左右的时间里，全球变暖这个话题在全球最聪明的头脑中引发了激烈的辩论。只有选项A有引起的意思，所以正确。6. 单选题Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to, （ ）the color of his skin.问题1选项A.with the exception ofB.in the light ofC.by virtue ofD.regardless of【答案】D【解析】词组词义辨析。with the exception of除.以外；in the light of根据，依据；by virtue of 依靠，凭借，由于；regardless of不顾，不管。句意：这个国家的每个人都有权住在他想住的地方，不管他的肤色如何。选项D符合句意。7. 单选题Advocates of private school argue that education in one of these facilities is more valuable and（ ） than any other educational opportunity.问题1选项A.awardedB.awardingC.rewardedD.rewarding【答案】D【解析】形近词辨析。根据句意可知，填空处应填入形容词，只有选项D是形容词，所以正确。8. 单选题The role of American women （ ）significantly from the time the nation was born, to the modern era of the 1950s and 1960s.问题1选项A.has changedB.has been changedC.changedD.had been changed【答案】D【解析】语法知识。根据句意可知，这里应该用过去完成时态，首先排除选项A和C；role与change之间为被动关系,所以选项D正确。9. 单选题It must guarantee freedom of expression, to the end that all（ ） to the flow of ideas shall be removed.问题1选项A.propheciesB.transactionsC.argumentsD.hindrances【答案】D【解析】prophecies预言；transactions交易，事务；arguments辩论；hindrances障碍，妨碍。句意：必须保证言论自由，最终思想流动的一切障碍都应消除。选项D符合句意。10. 单选题The food was divided（ ） according to the age and size of the child.问题1选项A.equallyB.individuallyC.sufficientlyD.proportionally【答案】B【解析】句意：食物是根据孩子的年龄和大小单独分开的。选项B符合语境。11. 单选题During his two-month stay in China, Tom never （ ）a chance to practice his Chinese.问题1选项A.passed onB.passed upC.passed byD.passed out【答案】B【解析】动词词组辨析。pass on传递，继续，去世；pass up拒绝，错过；pass by走过，经过；pass out分发，昏倒。这里指没有错过一次练习中文的机会。选项B符合句意。12. 单选题Our car trunk（ ） with suitcases and we could hardly make room for anything.问题1选项A.went crammingB.was crammedC.is crammingD.was been crammed【答案】B【解析】be crammed with为固定搭配，意为“被填满”。选项B表述正确。13. 单选题Our journey was slow because the train stopped （ ）at different villages.问题1选项A.graduallyB.continuouslyC.constantlyD.continually【答案】D【解析】副词词义辨析。gradually逐渐地；continuously连续不断地；constantly不断地，时常地；continually不断地，频繁地。句意：我们的旅行很慢，因为火车频繁地在不同的村庄停靠。选项D更符合语境。14. 写作题Write an essay in no less than 200 words with the title “The Rise of Intellectual Property Protection”.【答案】The Rise of Intellectual Property Protection15. 单选题Not until the 1980s（ ） in Beijing start to find ways to preserve historic buildings from destruction.问题1选项A.some concerned citizensB.some concerning citizensC.did some concerning citizensD.did some concerned citizens【答案】D【解析】Not until位于句首应使用倒装。句子表示过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时，借助于助动词did并提前，concerning为介词，也可以看作动名词，表示使担忧，但选项C的表达不符合语法；concerned为形容词，在这里修饰citizens。所以选项D正确。16. 单选题He told a story about his sister who was in a sad（ ） when she was ill and had no money.问题1选项A.plightB.polarizationC.plagueD.pigment【答案】A【解析】plight困境；polarization两极分化；plague瘟疫，灾祸；pigment颜料，色素。in a sad plight指处于困境。选项A符合句意。17. 单选题International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages（ ） patriotism.问题1选项A.obsoleteB.aggressiveC.harmoniousD.amiable【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。根据关键词“but”可知前后表达的意思应该相反，由此可推断填空处应该与“goodwill”意思相反，选项B更符合原文语境。18. 单选题In todays modern society alcohol addiction and alcohol _ has become one of the most complex life-threatening issues.问题1选项A.infuseB.abuseC.reduceD.refuse【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。根据句意可知这里指酗酒，alcohol abuse为常用搭配，所以选项B正确。19. 单选题The increase in student numbers （ ） many problems for the universities.问题1选项A.forcesB.pressesC.providesD.poses【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。force强迫，迫使；press逼迫；provide提供；pose造成，形成。句意：学生人数的增加给大学造成了许多问题。选项D符合句意。20. 单选题According to a recent publication of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, at the present rate of progress, it will take forty-three years to end job discriminationhardly a reasonable timetable.If our goal is educational and economic equity and parity, it is then we need affirmative action to catch up. We are behind as a result of discrimination and denial of opportunity. There is one white attorney for every 680 whites, but only one black attorney for every 4,000 blacks; one white physician for every 659 whites, but only one black physician for every 5, 000 blacks; and one white dentist for every 1, 900 whites, but only one black dentist for every 8, 400 blacks. Less than 1 percent of all engineers or of all practicing chemists is black. Cruel and uncompassionate injustice created gaps like these. We need creative justice and compassion to help us close them.Actually, in the U. S. context, “reverse discrimination” is illogical and a contradiction in terms. Never in the history of mankind has a majority, with power, engaged in programs and written laws that discriminate against itself. The only thing whites are giving up because of affirmative action is unfair advantage something that was unnecessary in the first place.Blacks are not making progress at the expense of whites, as news accounts make it seem. There are 49 percent more whites in medical school today and 64 percent more whites in law school than there were when affirmative action programs began some eight years ago.In a recent column, William Raspberry raised an interesting question. Commenting on the Bakke case, he asked, “What if, instead of setting aside 16 of 100 slots, we added 16 slots to the 100?” That, he suggested, would not interfere with what whites already have. He then went on to point out that this, in fact, is exactly what has happened in law and medical schools. In 1968, the year before affirmative action programs began to get under way, 9,571 whites and 282 members of minority groups entered U. S. medical schools. In 1976, the figures were 14,213 and 1,400 respectively. Thus, under affirmative action, the number of “white places” actually rose by 49 percent; white access to medical training was not diminished, but substantially increased. The trend was even more marked in law schools. In 1969, the first year for which reliable figures are available, 2,933 minority-group members were enrolled; in 1976, the number was up to 8,484. But during the same period, law school enrollment for whites rose from 65,453 to 107,064 an increase of 64 percent. In short, it is a myth that blacks are making progress at white expense.Allan Bakke did not really challenge preferential treatment in general, for he made no challenge to the preferential treatment accorded to the children of the rich, the alumni and the faculty or to athletes or the very talented only to minorities.1.The author is for affirmative action（ ） .2.It requires（ ） to close the gaps between the whites and the blacks in the U. S.3.Blacks are not making progress at the expense of whites, according to the author, because（ ） .4.William Raspberry, while commenting on the Bakke case, suggests（ ） .5.What Allan Bakke challenged was（ ） .问题1选项A.because there is discrimination and denial of opportunity in the U. S.B.if we aim at educational and economic equity and parityC.because it will take 43 years to end job discriminationD.when there is no reasonable timetable in the U. S.问题2选项A.one black attorney for ever 4,000 blacksB.a lot more black engineers and chemistsC.education and economic developmentD.creative justice and compassion问题3选项A.what white give up is only unfair advantageB.there are 49 percent more white in medical school today alreadyC.whites, the majority in the U. S. , will never discriminate against themselvesD.there are 64 percent more whites in law schools today问题4选项A.to offer 100 slots to whites and 16 to blacksB.to offer 84 slots to whites and 16 to blacksC.to follow what has happened in law and medical schoolsD.to interfere with what whites already have问题5选项A.the myth that blacks are making progress at white expenseB.unfair treatment accorded to blacksC.preferential treatment in generalD.preferential treatment to minority-group members【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.根据第二段第一句“If our goal is educational and economic equity and parity, it is then we need affirmative action to catch up.”如果我们的目标是教育和经济公平与平等，那么我们就需要积极地开展平权行动。选项B符合原文。2.根据第二段最后两句“Cruel and uncompassionate injustice created gaps like these. We need creative justice and compassion to help us close them.”残酷无情的不公正造成了这样的差距。我们需要创造性的公正和同情来消除差距。选项D符合原文。3.根据第三段最后一句“The only thing whites are giving up because of affirmative action is unfair advantage something that was unnecessary in the first place.”白人因为平权法案而放弃的唯一一件事是不公平的优势，这在一开始是不必要的。选项A符合原文。4.根据关键词“William Raspberry”定位到倒数第二段，根据“What if, instead of setting aside 16 of 100 slots, we added 16 slots to the 100?”“如果我们不是在100个位置中留出16个位置，而是在100个位置中增加16个位置，那会怎么样?”他表示，这不会影响白人已经拥有的东西。所以选项A正确。5.根据原文内容可知，Allan Bakke挑战的是“it is a myth that blacks are making progress at white expense.”选项A正确。