2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷8（附答案带详解）

2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 翻译题Transport has always shaped cities. In Medieval times, crossroads gave birth to thriving market towns. Venice was built up around its canals, Industrial Britains development followed the route of railways and waterways. Many North American cities were created for the car. But how are the cities of today being shaped by a need for more sustainable transport? Cities are now home to over half of the global population, and have a large role to play in reducing carbon emissions and improving air quality. This will need new technologies and new ways of organizing cities, alongside efficiency gains. Many local governments are accelerating change through policy initiatives such as integrated transport, congestion charges and low emission zones, sustainable procurement and lifecycle costing, and opening data up to companies and academics. And these city level policies can move markets in more sustainable directions. For example, London is requiring all newly licensed taxis to be zero-emission capable from 2018. This has resulted in five vehicle manufacturers committing to meeting that deadline, which is both in their own commercial interests and good for the environment.【答案】交通总是塑造着城市。在中世纪，十字路口孕育了繁荣的集镇。威尼斯建在运河周围，英国工业的发展沿着铁路和水路。许多北美城市都是为汽车而建的。但是，对可持续交通的需求是如何塑造今天的城市的呢？城市现在居住着全球一半以上的人口，在减少碳排放和改善空气质量方面发挥着重要作用。这将需要新技术和组织城市的新方法，以及效率的提高。许多地方政府正在通过诸如综合交通、拥堵费和低排放区、可持续采购和生命周期成本、以及向企业和学术界开放数据等政策举措加速变革。这些城市层面的政策可以推动市场向更可持续的方向发展。例如，伦敦要求所有新获得牌照的出租车从2018年起必须具备零排放能力。这导致五家汽车制造商承诺在最后期限前完成，这既符合它们自身的商业利益，也有利于环境。2. 单选题A fast-food restaurant within about 500 feet of a school may lead to at least a 5 percent increase in the overweight rate at that school. The study, conducted by economists at Columbia University and the University California, Berkeley, suggests that “a ban on fast foods in the immediate proximity of schools could have a sizable effect on obesity rates among affected students.”The researchers looked at how proximity to the restaurants affected obesity rates among 3 million ninth graders at California schools, and more than 1 million pregnant women in Michigan, New Jersey and Texas. They focused on the ninth graders, typically about 14 years old, in part because the students get a fitness test in the springabout 30 weeks after starting school and exposure to fast food. The study, released by the American Association of Wine Economists, showed that “the presence of a fast-food restaurant within a tenth of a mile of a school is associated with at least a 5.2 percent increase in the obesity rate in that school.” It also found that pregnant women who lived within a tenth of a mile of a fast-food restaurant had “a 4.4 percent increase in the probability of gaining over 20 kilos (44 pounds).”The study follows one presented last month at an American Stroke Association conference. Researchers from the University of Michigan found people who live in neighborhoods packed with fast-food restaurants are more likely to suffer from strokes. In December, a study found that youth who study within a half mile from a fast-food outlet eat fewer fruit and vegetables, drink more soda and are more likely to be obese than students at other schools.Janet Currie, lead researcher of the wine economists study, said that it might be a good policy to have a fast-food-free zone if fast food near schools causes obesity. “It would not be so different in spirit from existing policies that aim to prohibit soft drinks and junk foods in schools or to improve the quality of school lunch,” she said.A spokeswoman for the parent company of KFC, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell and Long John Silvers, declined to comment, saying she had not seen the study. Burger King did not return calls seeking comment. A McDonalds spokeswoman referred calls to the National Retail Federation, a trade group in Washington.“I think it would be a dangerous precedent to limit the types of legitimate, important businesses and where theyre located in a city,” federation spokeswoman Ellen Davis said. “Doesnt it make more sense for parents to limit a childs allowance or let them know when and where they cant eat certain things?” Davis added that restaurants have changed their menus in the last five years, especially for childrens meals. “We see many healthy options availableslices of apple, milk instead of sodas. Its important to note that many chain restaurants have tried to diversify their menus and make them healthier.”1. Which of the following is INCORRECT about the study mentioned in Paragraph 2?2. Which of the following can be inferred from the last three paragraphs?3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?4. Why is it necessary to create a fast-food-free-zone?5. According to the passage, which of the following may NOT be the reason for childrens overweight?问题1选项A.It agreed that fast foods should be far away from school.B.It didnt mention the people in Columbia.C.It proved that fast foods may not lead to strokes.D.It showed that childrens situation was worse than pregnant womens.问题2选项A.McDonalds shared the same opinion with Ellen Davis.B.KFC held different opinion from Burger King.C.Janet Currie preferred a new policy to present policies.D.Ellen Davis thought limiting childrens money made no sense.问题3选项A.People long for healthy meals.B.Fast food is associated with obesity and strokes.C.Parents should give less allowance to the kids.D.The society shouldnt neglect the side effect of fast food.问题4选项A.Fast food is expensive and kids cant afford it.B.Fast food makes young people have an unhealthy diet.C.Fast food distracts students from their studies.D.Fast food is not clean enough.问题5选项A.Eating fewer fruit and vegetables.B.Being unaware of self-control.C.School lunch of low quality.D.Restaurants changing menus for children.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。C选项“事实证明，快餐可能不会导致中风”，可以定位到文章第三段第二句Researchers from the University of Michigan found people who live in neighborhoods packed with fast-food restaurants are more likely to suffer from strokes.（密歇根大学的研究人员发现，居住在快餐店林立的社区的人更容易患中风），可推测居住在快餐店林立的社区的人更容易患中风，C选项不正确，应选C。A选项“它同意快餐应该远离学校”，因为快餐店会导致学生患肥胖的风险，因此，快餐店应当远离学校，A选项可排除。B选项“上面没提到哥伦比亚的人”，可以定位到文章第二段第一句The researchers looked at how proximity to the restaurants affected obesity rates among 3 million ninth graders at California schools, and more than 1 million pregnant women in Michigan, New Jersey and Texas.（研究人员调查了加州300万名九年级学生，以及密歇根州、新泽西州和得克萨斯州100多万名孕妇的肥胖率），文章提到的是加州的学生，密歇根州、新泽西州和得克萨斯州的孕妇，因此B选项可排除。D选项“调查显示，儿童的情况比孕妇更糟”，文章第二段最后两句提到the presence of a fast-food restaurant within a tenth of a mile of a school is associated with at least a 5.2 percent increase in the obesity rate in that school. “It also found that pregnant women who lived within a tenth of a mile of a fast-food restaurant had “a 4.4 percent increase in the probability of gaining over 20 kilos (44 pounds)”.（如果快餐店在学校十分之一英里内，那么该学校的肥胖率至少会增加5.2%。研究还发现，生活在离快餐店十分之一英里以内的孕妇“增重超过20公斤（44磅）的可能性增加4.4%），由此可知学校的肥胖率会增加5.2%，孕妇肥胖率会增加4.4%，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。2.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。D选项“艾伦戴维斯认为限制孩子们的钱没有意义”，可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Doesnt it make more sense for parents to limit a childs allowance or let them know when and where they cant eat certain things?（父母限制孩子的零花钱，或者让他们知道什么时候、什么地方不能吃某些东西，难道不是更有意义），也就可以推测限制孩子花钱没有意义，可知D选项正确。A选项“麦当劳也同意艾伦戴维斯的观点”，文章没有提到麦当劳同意戴维斯的观点，A选项可排除。B选项“肯德基与汉堡王持不同意见”，定位到文章倒数第二段第一、二句A spokeswoman for the parent company of KFC, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell and Long John Slivers, declined to comment, saying she had not seen the study. Burger King did not return calls seeking comment.（肯德基、必胜客、塔可钟和Long John Slivers的母公司的发言人拒绝置评，称她没有看到这项研究。汉堡王没有回复记者寻求置评的电话）肯德基和汉堡王都不予置评，因此可排除B选项。C选项“与现行政策相比，珍妮特柯里更喜欢新政策”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。因此D选项正确。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。C选项“父母应该少给孩子零用钱”，可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Doesnt it make more sense for parents to limit a childs allowance or let them know when and where they cant eat certain things?（父母限制孩子的零花钱，或者让他们知道什么时候、什么地方不能吃某些东西，难道不是更有意义），也就可以推测父母限制孩子花钱没有意义，C选项不正确，应当选C。A选项“人们渴望健康的饮食”，可定位到文章最后一句Its important to note that many chain restaurants have tried to diversify their menus and make them healthier.（值得注意的是，许多连锁餐厅已经尝试让他们的菜单多样化，让他们更健康），连锁餐厅都在努力使菜单多样化，让它们更健康，也就是人们在渴望更健康的饮食，A选项可排除。B选项“快餐与肥胖和中风有关”，可以定位到文章第一段第一句A fast-food restaurant within about 500 feet of a school may lead to at least a 5 percent increase in the overweight rate at that school.（学校500英尺以内的快餐店可能会导致学校超重率至少增加5%），以及定位到文章第三段第二句Researchers from the University of Michigan found people who live in neighborhoods packed with fast-food restaurants are more likely to suffer from strokes.（密歇根大学的研究人员发现，居住在快餐店林立的社区的人更容易患中风），也就是快餐会增加肥胖和中风的风险，B选项可排除。D选项“社会不应该忽视快餐的副作用”，快餐的副作用已经很明显，因此不应该忽视快餐的副作用，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第一句Janet Currie, lead researcher of the wine economists study, said that it might be a good policy to have a fast-food-free zone if fast food near schools causes obesity（Janet Currie，葡萄酒经济学家研究的首席研究员说，如果学校附近的快餐导致肥胖，建立一个无快餐区可能是一个好政策）。B选项“快餐使年轻人有不健康的饮食习惯”，文章提到，快餐会使人们增加肥胖和中风的风险，也就是不健康的饮食所带来的危害，因此B选项正确。A选项“快餐很贵，孩子们买不起”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“快餐使学生们分心，不能专心学习”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“快餐不够干净”，文章没有提到快餐是不够干净的，只是会增加肥胖的风险，D选项可排除。因此B选项正确。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。D选项“餐馆为儿童更换菜单”，文章最后一段倒数第二句提到restaurants have changed their menus in the last five years, especially for childrens meals.（餐馆在过去五年中改变了他们的菜单，尤其是儿童餐），因此，当餐馆为儿童更换菜单后，儿童患肥胖的风险会减小，D选项正确。A选项“少吃水果和蔬菜”，可以定位到文章第三段最后一句a study found that youth who study within a half mile from a fast-food outlet eat fewer fruit and vegetables, drink more soda and are more likely to be obese than students at other schools.（在距离快餐店半英里内学习的学生吃的水果和蔬菜更少，喝的苏打水更多，更有可能肥胖），A选项少吃水果蔬菜会导致肥胖，A选项可排除。B选项“没有自我控制的意识”，儿童缺少自控力，B选项可排除。C选项“学校午餐质量低”，文章第四段最后一句improve the quality of school lunch.（提高学校午餐的质量），学校的午餐质量确实较低，这也是导致肥胖的原因之一，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。3. 单选题Ricci, 45, is now striking out on perhaps his boldest venture yet. He plans to market an English language edition of his elegant monthly art magazine, FMR, in the United States. Once again the skeptics are murmuring that the successful Ricci has headed for a big fall. And once again Ricci intends to prove them wrong.Ricci is so confident that he has christened his quest “Operation Columbus” and has set his sights on discovering an American readership of 300,000. That goal may not be too far-fetched. The Italian edition of FMR-the initials, of course, stand for Franco Maria Ricci-is only 18 months old. But it is already the second largest art magazine in the world, with a circulation of 65,000 and a profit margin of US$ 500,000. The American edition will be patterned after the Italian version, with each 160-page issue carrying only 40 pages of ads and no more than five articles. But the contents will often differ. The English-language edition will include more American works, Ricci says, to help Americans get over “an inferiority complex about their art.” He also hopes that the magazine will become a vehicle for a two-way cultural exchange what he likes to think of as a marriage of brains, culture and taste from both sides of the Atlantic.To realize this vision, Ricci is mounting one of the most lavish, enterprising-and expensive promotional campaigns in magazine publishing history. Between November and January, eight jumbo jets will fly 8 million copies of a sample 16-page edition of FMR across the Atlantic. From a warehouse in Michigan, 6.5 million copies will be mailed to American subscribers of various cultural, art and business magazines. Some of the remaining copies will circulate as a special Sunday supplement in the New York Times. The cost of launching Operation Columbus is a staggering US $5 million, but Ricci is hoping that 60% of the price tag will be financed by Italian corporation. “To land in America Columbus had to use Spanish sponsors,” reads one sentence in his promotional pamphlet. “We would like Italians.”Like Columbus, Ricci cannot know what his reception will be on foreign shores. In Italy he gambled-and won on a simple concept: it is more important to show art than to write about it. Hence, one issue of FMR might feature 32 full-color pages of 17th-century tapestries, followed by 14 pages of outrageous eyeglasses. He is gambling that the concept is exportable.1. Naming his quest “Operation Columbus”, Ricci is confident that _.2. What is the main content of Riccis magazine FMR?3. Ricci tries to persuade the Italian corporations to help by _.问题1选项A.he will be as influential as ColumbusB.he will open up the American marketC.the Americans will associate his magazine with adventurous pioneersD.his magazine will be as memorable as Columbus discovery of America问题2选项A.Articles on culture, art and business.B.Articles and pictures about fashion.C.Pictures of works of art.D.Pictures of trendy items.问题3选项A.including them in Operation ColumbusB.showing them the staggering price tagC.comparing them to the Spanish sponsorD.arousing passionate patriotism in them【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第二段第一句Ricci is so confident that he has christened his quest “Operation Columbus” and has set his sights on discovering an American readership of 300,000.（瑞奇是如此的自信，以至于他将自己的探索命名为“哥伦布行动”，并将目光锁定在了发掘拥有30万读者的美国人身上）。前文说到瑞奇想在美国销售她的杂志，这里说到将目光锁定在30万读者身上，因此他是想打开美国市场。B选项“他将打开美国市场”，B选项正确。A选项“他将和哥伦布一样有影响力”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“美国人会把他的杂志和冒险先锋联系在一起”，无中生有，可排除。D选项“他的杂志将会像哥伦布发现美洲一样令人难忘”，文章并没有提到杂志的影响力如此之大，因此D选项可排除。因此正确答案为B选项。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第二段倒数第二句The English-language edition will include more American works, Ricci says, to help Americans get over “an inferiority complex about their art.”（瑞奇说，英文版将包括更多的美国作品，以帮助美国人克服“对自己艺术的自卑感”）。选项C“艺术作品的图片”，符合文章所说，为了克服美国人的艺术自卑感，因此C选项正确。选项A“关于文化、艺术和商业的文章”，不符合文章的内容，可排除。选项B“关于时尚的文章和图片”，文章并没有提到是关于时尚的文章和图片，也可排除。D选项“流行物品的图片”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。因此正确答案为C选项。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段最后一句“To land in America Columbus had to use Spanish sponsors,” reads one sentence in his promotional pamphlet. “We would like Italians.”（他的宣传小册子上有这样一句话：“哥伦布要想在美洲登陆，必须借助西班牙的赞助。”“我们喜欢意大利人”）。D选项“激发起他们炽热的爱国主义热情”。因为在他的宣传册上有这样一句，必须得到西班牙的赞助，可推测这会引起意大利人民的自豪感，因此D选项正确。A选项“包括他们在哥伦布行动”，意大利伙伴并没有参与哥伦布行动，A选项排除。B选项“给他们看惊人的价格标签”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“将他们与西班牙赞助商进行比较”，并没有将两者进行比较，可排除C选项。因此正确答案为D选项。4. 单选题The Alzheimers Association and the National Alliance for Caregiving estimate that men make up nearly 40 percent of family care providers now, up from 19 percent in a 1996 study by the Alzheimers Association. About 17 million men are caring for an adult. Women still provide the bulk of family care, especially intimate tasks like bathing and dressing. Many complain that their brothers are treated like heroes just for showing up. But with smaller families and more women working full-time, many men have no choice but to take on roles that would have been alien to their fathers.Often they are overshadowed by their female counterparts and faced with employers, friends, support organizations and sometimes even parents who view caregiving as an essentially female role. Male caregivers are more likely to say they feel unprepared for the role and become socially isolated, and less likely to ask for help. Isolation affects women as well, but men tend to have fewer lifeline. “They are less likely to have friends going through similar experiences, and depend more on their jobs for daily human contact.” Dr. Donna Wagner, the director of gerontology at Towson University and one of the few researchers who has studied sons as caregivers, said.In past generations, men might have pointed to their accomplishments as breadwinners or fathers. Now, some men say they worry about the conflict between caring for their parents and these other roles. In a 2003 study at three Fortune 500 companies, Dr. Donna Wagner found that men were less likely to use employee-assistance programs for caregivers because they feared it would be held against them. “Even though the company has endorsed the program, your supervisors may have a different opinion,” Dr. Wagner said. Matt Kassin, 51, worked for a large company with very generous benefits, and his employer had been understanding. But he was reluctant to talk about his caregivers because he thought “it would be looked at like, when they hire a male, they expect him to be 100 percent focused.” And he didnt want to appear to be someone who had distractions that detracted from performance.For many men, the new role means giving up their self-image as experts, said Louis Colbert, director of the office of services for the aging in Delaware County, Pa., who has shared care of his 84-year-old mother with his siblings since her Alzheimers made it necessary. Once a year, Mr. Colbert organizes a get-together for male caregivers. The concerns they raise, he said, are different from those of women in support groups. “Very clearly, they said they wanted their role as caregivers validated, because in our society, as a whole, men as caregivers have been invisible,” he said.1. What can we know about men according to the Alzheimers Association and the National Alliance for Caregiving?2. Why do men tend to feel more stressed and socially isolated according to Donna Wagner?3. Donna Wagner solution to the conflict between caring for parents and other social roles is to _.4. Why was Matt Kassin unwilling to talk about his caregiving with his employer?5. What might be the concerns of male caregivers according to Louis Colbert?问题1选项A.More men play the leading role in caring for elderly parents.B.Men count on their wives to take care of their parents.C.Men undertake all family care including washing and cooking.D.Men tend to be viewed as heroes for their parents.问题2选项A.Because they feel overwhelmed by the pressure from parents.B.Because they face the competition from their female counterparts.C.Because they find few people to talk and share their experiences with.D.Because they are psychologically unprepared for the role.问题3选项A.take advantage of employee-assistance programsB.make adjustment both physically and emotionallyC.schedule time for parents, children and jobD.involve in the outside world as much as possible问题4选项A.Because the company did not provide such support programs.B.Because he was threatened to be at the risk of losing his job.C.Because he felt embarrassed to send parents to nursing homes.D.Because he feared it would lead to a distracted image in the mind of his boss.问题5选项A.They are lack of professional knowledge and skills.B.They feel it inappropriate for them to do the job.C.Their role of caregivers is not acknowledged.D.They feel what they do is not enough.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第一段第一句The Alzheimers Association and the National Alliance for Caregiving estimate that men make up nearly 40 percent of family care providers now（阿尔茨海默氏症协会和全国护理联盟估计，目前男性占家庭护理提供者的近40%）。A选项“越来越多的男性在照顾年迈的父母方面起着主导作用”，文章第一段提到，大约有1700万男性在照顾一个成年人，符合A选项内容，A选项正确。B选项“男人依靠妻子照顾父母”，文章所说，女性仍然承担着大部分的家庭照顾工作，不符合题意，可排除。C选项“男人负责所有家庭事务，包括洗衣服和做饭”不符合文章内容，可排除。D选项“男人往往被他们的父母视为英雄”，文章所说许多人抱怨他们的兄弟仅仅因为出现了就被当作英雄对待，男人没有被父母视为英雄，因此可排除D选项。因此正确答案为A选项。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第二段第四句They are less likely to have friends going through similar experiences, and depend more on their jobs for daily human contact.（他们不太可能有朋友经历类似的经历，更多地依靠他们的工作来进行日常的人际交往）。C选项“因为他们找不到可以交谈和分享自己经历的人”，从文章来看，男人不太可能和朋友有类似的经历，C选项的内容符合文章所说。A选项“因为他们觉得被来自父母的压力压垮了”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。B选项“因为他们面临着来自女性同行的竞争”，文章所说他们常常被她们的女性同行蒙上阴影，而不是受到竞争，因此B选项可排除。D选项“因为他们对这个角色没有心理准备”，这并不是造成他们有压力和社会孤立的主要原因，D选项可排除。因此正确答案为C选项。3.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句Dr. Donna Wagner found that men were less likely to us