2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第187期

2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The Ministry of Education on Sunday issued a statement on college enrollment in 2015, which consists of 26 bans on inappropriate（ ）including prescribing the male to female ratio at a university admission without approval.问题1选项A.stressB.arrangementC.conductD.recruitment【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项stress表示“压力，强调，重要性”，B选项arrangement表示“布置，整理，准备，安排”，C选项conduct表示“行为举止；管理（方式），实施（办法）；引导”，D选项recruitment表示“招收，招聘；（自然种群）增长；募集（反应、现象）”。后文中关键信息“including prescribing the male to female ratio at a university admission without approval”是对空缺处名词的解释，表示“包括未经批准在大学入学时规定男女比例”。由此可知，这些禁令是有关不当招生的，因此本题正确答案为D选项。2. 单选题Government at many levels should establish certain rules in the（ ）of the citizens.问题1选项A.restB.formC.interestD.perception【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Rest “休息”；form “形式”；interest “兴趣，爱好”；perception “知觉，感觉”。句意：不同层次的政府应该在人民利益的基础上设定规则。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题Together with other activities（1）ritualistic in origin but have come to be designated as artistic（such as music or dance）, painting was one of the earliest ways in which man（2）to express his own personality and his（3）understanding of an existence beyond the material world.（4）music and dance, however, examples of early forms of painting have survived to the present day. The modern eye can derive aesthetic as well as antiquarian satisfaction（5）the 15，000-year-old cave murals of Lascaux some examples（6）to the considerable powers of draftsmanship of these early artists. And painting, like other arts， exhibits universal qualities that（7）for viewers of all nations and civilizations to understand and appreciate.The major（8）examples of early painting anywhere in the world are found in Western Europe and the Soviet Union. But some 5，000 years ago， the areas in which important paintings were executed（9）to the eastern Mediterranean Sea and neighboring regions.（10），Western shared a European cultural tradition the Middle East and Mediterranean Basin and， later， the countries of the New World.Western painting is in general distinguished by its concentration（11）the representation of the human（12）， whether in the heroic context of antiquity or the religious context of the early Christian and medieval world. The Renaissance（13）this tradition through a（14）examination of the natural world and an investigation of balance， harmony， and perspective in the visible world， linking painting（15）the developing sciences of anatomy and optics. The first real（16）from figurative painting came with the growth of landscape painting in the 17th and 18th centuries. The landscape and figurative traditions developed together in the 19th century in an atmosphere that was increasingly（17）“painterly” qualities of the（18）of light and color and the expressive qualities of paint handling. In the 20th century these interests（19）to the development of a third major tradition in Western painting， abstract painting， which sought to（20）and express the true nature of paint and painting through action and form.问题1选项A.may have beenB.that may haveC.may haveD.that may have been问题2选项A.seekB.soughtC.seek forD.sought for问题3选项A.emergingB.emergencyC.mergingD.merger问题4选项A.AsB.UnlikeC.LikeD.Since问题5选项A.fromB.toC.intoD.for问题6选项A.ratifyB.testifyC.certifyD.gratify问题7选项A.make easyB.make it easyC.make hardD.make it hard问题8选项A.extinctB.extentC.extantD.exterior问题9选项A.had shiftedB.have shiftedC.shiftingD.shifted问题10选项A.NeverthelessB.MoreoverC.HoweverD.Therefore问题11选项A.toB.inC.onD.for问题12选项A.figureB.shapeC.shadowD.form问题13选项A.extractedB.extendedC.extortedD.extruded问题14选项A.closingB.closeC.closedD.closure问题15选项A.onB.forC.inD.to问题16选项A.breakB.breakageC.breakdownD.breaking问题17选项A.concerned withB.concerningC.concerning withD.concerned for问题18选项A.reactionB.actionC.interactionD.relation问题19选项A.distributedB.attributedC.contributedD.construed问题20选项A.discoverB.uncoverC.recoverD.cover【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A第6题:B第7题:B第8题:C第9题:D第10题:D第11题:C第12题:A第13题:B第14题:B第15题:D第16题:A第17题:A第18题:C第19题:C第20题:B【解析】1.考查语法。根据下文的“but have come to ”可知此空应该也使用完成时态，并且引导定语从句，故D项符合。2.考查动词辨析。seek为及物动词，sought为seek的过去式和过去分词，seek to do sth试图做某事。根据该句中的was可确定时态为过去时，故用sought。3.考查形近词辨析。emergency 紧急事情;merging合并；merger合并；emerging understanding新兴的观点。4.考查上下文逻辑关系。根据上下文可知，该句将painting与music和dance进行对比，故unlike符合。5.考查固定搭配。derive from来源于，从中得到。6.考查形近词辨析。testify to 证明，作证。ratify批准；certify担保，保证；gratify满足。句意：一些例子证明这些早期的艺术家具有相当大的制图能力。7.考查语法。make it easy使容易；句意：会话，与其他艺术一样，展现了一些使所有国家和文明的观赏者容易理解和欣赏的品质。8.考查形近词辨析。extinct灭绝；extent范围，长度；extant现存的；exterior外在的。该句表示在西欧和苏联找到了世界上现存的早期绘画作品。9.考查时态。由上文的5000 years ago可知该句应该用过去时，故D项正确。10.考查逻辑关系。根据上下文内容可知，前后两句属于因果关系，故用therefore。11.考查固定搭配。concentrate on集中于。12.考查名词辨析。human figure人物的身材。13.考查形近词辨析。extract提取；extend延伸，扩展；extort勒索；extrude挤压。句意：文艺复兴使该传统延续。14.考查语法。close examination详细检验；closure关闭，终止。15.考查词组辨析。linkto联系16.考查动词辨析。break 打破，突破；breakage破坏，破损；breakdown故障，崩溃；breaking破坏，阻断。句意：真正的从象征艺术的突破是在18世纪随着风景画的发展产生的。故A项符合句意。17.考查固定搭配。be concerned with 关注，涉及；只有A项形式正确。18.考查名词辨析。reaction反应；action行动，活动；interaction相互作用；relation关系。该句表示颜色和光线的相互作用，故C项正确。19.考查动词辨析。contribute to 对有贡献；distribute分发，分配；attribute to 归因于；construe 理解，习惯上虞with连用。只有C项符合句意。句意：20世界的这些兴趣对西方会话的第三种主要传统有贡献。20.考查形近词辨析。cover 包括，采访；uncover揭示秘密，发现；recover 恢复，重新获得；covet垂涎。只有B项符合题意，句意：抽象画寻求通过形式和行动来解释和表达绘画的本质。4. 单选题Understanding the flexibility of a prospective partners negotiated deals terms provides critical insight into the negotiation process （ ）what you can expect to achieve during the negotiation of terms.问题1选项A.in terms ofB.in case ofC.in favor ofD.in view of【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。in terms of依据，在方面；in case of以免；in favor of有利于，支持；in view of鉴于，考虑到。句意：从谈判的过程中，你期待能实现的事情的方面，了解潜在合作伙伴的谈判条件的灵活性为谈判过程提供了重要的视角。空格后的内容是谈判的一方面，故A项正确。5. 单选题Painting, the execution of forms and shapes on a surface by means of pigment, has been continuously practiced by humans for some 20,000 years. Together with other activities（1）ritualistic in origin but have come to be designated as artistic（such as music or dance）, painting was one of the earliest ways in which man（2）to express his own personality and his（3）understanding of an existence beyond the material world.（4）music and dance, however, examples of early forms of painting have survived to the present day. The modern eye can derive aesthetic as well as antiquarian satisfaction（5）the 15,000-year-old cave murals of Lascaux some examples（6）to the considerable powers of draftsmanship of these early artists. And painting, like other arts, exhibits universal qualities that（7）for viewers of all nations and civilizations to understand and appreciate.The major（8）examples of early painting anywhere in the world are found in Western Europe and the Soviet Union. But some 5,000 years ago, the areas in which important paintings were executed（9）to the eastern Mediterranean Sea and neighboring regions.（10）, Western shared a European cultural traditionthe Middle East and Mediterranean Basin and, later, the countries of the New World.Western painting is in general distinguished by its concentration（11）the representation of the human（12）, whether in the heroic context of antiquity or the religious context of the early Christian and medieval world. The Renaissance（13）this tradition through a（14）examination of the natural world and an investigation of balance, harmony, and perspective in the visible world, linking painting（15）the developing sciences of anatomy and optics. The first real（16）from figurative painting came with the growth of landscape painting in the 17th and 18th centuries. The landscape and figurative traditions developed together in the 19th century in an atmosphere that was increasingly（17）“painterly” qualities of the（18）of light and color and the expressive qualities of paint handling. In the 20th century these interests（19）to the development of a third major tradition in Western painting, abstract painting, which sought to（20）and express the true nature of paint and painting through action and form.问题1选项A.may have beenB.that may haveC.may haveD.that may have been问题2选项A.seekB.soughtC.seek forD.sought for问题3选项A.emergingB.emergencyC.mergingD.merger问题4选项A.AsB.UnlikeC.LikeD.Since问题5选项A.fromB.toC.intoD.for问题6选项A.ratifyB.testifyC.certifyD.gratify问题7选项A.make easyB.make it easyC.make hardD.make it hard问题8选项A.extinctB.extentC.extantD.exterior问题9选项A.had shiftedB.have shiftedC.shiftingD.shifted问题10选项A.NeverthelessB.MoreoverC.HoweverD.Therefore问题11选项A.toB.inC.onD.for问题12选项A.figureB.shapeC.shadowD.form问题13选项A.extractedB.extendedC.extortedD.extruded问题14选项A.closingB.closeC.closedD.closure问题15选项A.onB.forC.inD.to问题16选项A.breakB.breakageC.breakdownD.breaking问题17选项A.concerned withB.concerningC.concerning withD.concerned for问题18选项A.reactionB.actionC.interactionD.relation问题19选项A.distributedB.attributedC.contributedD.construed问题20选项A.discoverB.uncoverC.recoverD.cover【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A第6题:B第7题:B第8题:C第9题:D第10题:D第11题:C第12题:A第13题:B第14题:B第15题:D第16题:A第17题:A第18题:C第19题:C第20题:B【解析】1.考查定语从句的谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，“41 ritualistic in origin but have come to be designated as artistic（such as music or dance）”作为定语从句修饰限定先行词activities，因此可排除A选项和C选项。而由连词but以及后文出现的have come可以判断空缺处谓语动词也应为完成时态，因此本题正确答案为D选项。2.考查动词搭配。seek to do 表示 “试图做某事，尝试做某事”，而seek for 表示“追求，寻找，探索”，后常接名词作宾语。根据句子时态可确定空缺处应选择过去时，而空缺后出现介词to，由此可以判断，本题正确答案为B选项。3.考查形近词词义辨析。A选项emerging表示“a.新兴的，走向成熟的”；B选项emergency表示“n. 紧急情况，突发事件；a.紧急的，应急的”；C选项merging是merge的现在分词，表示“合并，融入”；D选项merger表示“n.合并，并购，吸收”。由原文可知，空缺处需修饰名词understanding，因此空缺处应选择形容词，故排除C选项和D选项。而由句意可知，绘画是人类表达自己个性和对物质世界之外存在的理解日渐成熟的最早方式之一。因此，只有A选项词义最符合原文句意。4.考查连词的辨析。由后文出现的“however”可知，句子前后部分存在转折关系，句意可理解为：不像音乐和舞蹈，早期绘画形式的范本一直延续到今天。因此本题正确答案为B选项。5.考查固定搭配辨析。固定搭配“derive from”表示“源自，来自”。因此本题正确答案为A选项。6.考查动词词义辨析。A选项ratify表示“批准，认可”；B选项testify表示“证明，证实”，testify to表示“证明，说明”；C选项certify表示“证明，保证”，certify to表示“书面证明”；D选项gratify表示“使满足，使高兴”。由此可知，B选项更符合原文含义和搭配，故本题正确答案为B选项。7.考查上下文联系以及固定搭配。由上下文语义可知，绘画和其他艺术一样，展示了所有国家和文明的观众都能容易理解和欣赏的普遍品质，可排除C、D选项。而make it+形容词属于固定表达结构，因此，本题正确答案为B选项。8.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项extinct表示“a.灭绝的，绝种的”；B选项extent表示“n.程度，范围，长度”；C选项extant表示“a.现存的，显著的”；D选项exterior表示“a.外部的，外在的”。根据句意“世界上任何地方早期绘画的主要（ ）范本都是在西欧和苏联发现的”可知，只有C选项词义最符合原文句意。故本题正确答案为C选项。9.考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知，空缺处应为主句谓语动词，而由句意可知，描述的是过去的事情，所以应选用一般过去时，且主语the areas与谓语动词属于主动关系，故本题正确答案为D选项。10.考查连词的使用。上文中讲到“大约5000年前，重要画作的完成地转到了地中海东部和邻近地区”。这是造成“西方与欧洲有着共同的文化传统”的原因，说明上下文之间存在因果关系，因此D选项“therefore”为本题最佳答案。11.考查固定搭配。固定结构“concentration on”表示“注意力集中于”。因此本题正确答案为C选项，12.考查名词词义辨析。A选项figure表示“画像，图形，（人的）体形”；B选项shape表示“形状，身材，模型”；C选项shadow表示“阴影，庇护”；D选项form表示“形式，形态，外形”。human figure表示“人物画像”，因此本题正确答案为A选项。13.考查动词词义辨析。A选项extracted表示“提取，萃取”；B选项extended表示“延伸，扩展”；C选项extorted表示“敲诈，侵占，强求”；D选项extruded表示“挤压出，驱逐”。根据后文through可知，本题正确答案为B选项。动词词组extend though表示“贯穿，延伸”。14.考查同根词辨析。空缺后出现名词examination，由此说明空缺处部分为形容词。A选项closing表示“a.结束的，结尾的”；B选项close表示“a.紧密的，仔细的，在即的”；C选项closed表示“a.关着的，不公开的”；D选项closure表示“n.关闭，终止结束”。close examination表示“仔细审查”，因此本题正确答案为B选项。15.考查固定搭配。动词词组link to表示“把和联系在一起”。因此本题正确答案为D选项。16.考查同根词词义辨析。A选项break表示“n.间断，休息，破裂”；B选项breakage表示“破坏，破损”；C选项breakdown表示“故障，崩溃，分解”；D选项breaking表示“破坏，阻断”。由后文“The landscape and figurative traditions developed together in the 19th century”可知，17世纪和18世纪，绘画画风由写实主义画风转向风景画画风，出现了19世纪两种画风并存的局面。由此可知，写实主义画风被风景画画风打断，故本题正确答案为A选项。17.考查动词词组以及固定搭配。动词词组concern with表示“使关心，挂念”，concern for表示“为担心”。固定结构be concerned with表示“参与，涉及，关注”，最符合原文含义，故本题正确答案为A选项。18.考查名词词义辨析。A选项reaction表示“反应，感应，反作用”；B选项action表示“行动，活动，情节”；C选项interaction表示“相互作用，相互影响”；D选项relation表示“关系，叙述，亲属关系”。由原文出现的“the expressive qualities of paint handling”可知，19世纪关注的是指光和颜料相互作用下的绘画质量以及颜料处理的表现力。因此本题正确答案为C选项。19.考查动词词义辨析。A选项distributed表示“分配，散开，分开”；B选项attributed表示“归于，属性化”；C选项contributed表示“促进，对有贡献”，常和to构成搭配，表示“有助于，促成”；D选项construed表示“分析，解释，翻译”，常与as构成搭配，表示“解释为”。由原文句意可知，19世纪的这些独特喜好就促成了20世纪第三大画风传统抽象派画风的出现。因此本题正确答案为C选项。20.考查动词词义辨析。A选项discover表示“发现，发觉”；B选项uncover表示“揭开，揭示”；C选项recover表示“恢复，弥补，重新获得”；D选项cover表示“覆盖，掩护，报导”。由原文句意可知，抽象派画风力求通过动作和形式来揭开和表现绘画和油画的本质。空缺处单词与express应为近义词，由此可以确定本题正确答案为B选项。6. 单选题Business tourism is very lucrative as business travelers have a higher spend than leisure tourists, which（ ）creates more jobs.问题1选项A.in essenceB.in contrastC.in turnD.in part【答案】D【解析】考查介词短语辨析。A选项in essence表示“本质上，大体上”；B选项in contrast表示“与之相反，比较起来”；C选项in turn表示“反过来，轮流”；D选项in part表示“部分地，在某种程度上”。由句意可知，商务旅游是非常有利可图的，因为商务旅行者比休闲游客有更高的消费，这（ ）创造了更多的就业机会。对比四个选项，只有D选项最符合句意。因此，本题正确答案为D选项。7. 单选题Examine the data over time, and youll find irrefutable evidence of progress: the decline of war, the increase in life span;（ ）of literacy, democracy, and equal rights,（ ）of privilege based on race, gender, heredity and beliefs.问题1选项A.the spread . the waningB.the spreading . the waneC.the spreads. the wanesD.the spreading the waning【答案】A【解析】考查词性。the + 名词，表示特指。spread 可以做动词，也可以做名词。Wane是动词，变名词为在其后加-ing。句意：回顾一段时间以来的数据，你就会发现有不可辨驳的证据证明社会在进步：战争减少，寿命延长，识字率的提高以及民主和权利平等意识的增强，基于种族、性别、出身、信仰而获得的特权的减少。选项A符合题意。8. 单选题An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioral” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioral ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Commission（FTC. proposed adding a do not track （DNT）option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. Microsofts Internet Explorer and Apples Safari both offer DNT; Googles Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance（DAA. agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioral ads or whether they are sticking with Microsofts default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Googles on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsofts chief privacy officer, blogged: we believe consumers should have more control. Could it really be that simple?1. Paragraph 1 suggests that “behavioral” ads help advertisers to（ ）.2. “The industry”（Line 5, Para.3）refers to（ ）.3. The author holds that setting DNT as a default（ ）.4. According to Paragraph6,（ ）.5. The authors attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of（ ）.问题1选项A.ease competition among themselvesB.avoid complaints from consumersC.provide better online servicesD.lower their operational costs问题2选项A.online advertisersB.e-commerce conductorsC.digital information analysisD.internet browser developers问题3选项A.may cut the number of junk adsB.fails to affect the ad industryC.may not benefit consumersD.goes against human nature问题4选项A.DNT may not serve its intended purposeB.advertisers are willing to implement DNTC.DNT is losing its popularity among consumersD.advertisers are obliged to offer behavioral ads问题5选项A.indulgenceB.skepticismC.appreciationD.understanding【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段“An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioral” ads at those most likely to buy. 有句老话说，所有广告预算的一半都浪费了问题是，没人知道是哪一半。在互联网时代，至少在理论上，这个比例可以大大降低。通过观察人们在网上搜索、点击和发言的内容，公司可以针对那些最有可能购买的人投放“行为”广告。由此可知行为广告能降低运营成本。故D项正确。2.词义题。由第三段第一句话“In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Commission（FTC. proposed adding a do not track （DNT）option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. 2010年12月，美国联邦贸易委员会（FTC.提议在互联网浏览器中增加“禁止追踪”（DNT）选项，这样用户就可以告诉广告商他们不希望被跟踪。”以及“In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance（DAA. agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.” 今年2月，联邦贸易委员会和数字广告联盟（DAA.一致认为，该行业将着手应对DNT请求。由上文可知FTC以及IE等同意在浏览器中增加DNT选项，故the industry就是指代上文提到的互联网浏览器。3.判断推理题。由第五段“It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioral ads or whether they are sticking with Microsofts default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway. 目前尚不清楚广告客户将如何回应。获得DNT信号并不意味着任何人都必须停止跟踪，尽管一些公司已经承诺这样做。由于无法判断用户是真的反对行为性广告，还是坚持使用微软的默认设置，一些企业可能会忽略DNT信号，继续按下按钮。据此可知在网络浏览器中增加DNT选项并不意味着用户的浏览记录不会被追踪，也就是说用户可能不会真正从中受益。故C项正确。4.判断推理题。由第六段“Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. 同样不清楚的是，微软为什么要单干。毕竟，它也有自己的广告业务，它说自己会遵守DNT请求，尽管它仍在研究如何做到这一点。如果它试图扰乱谷歌的话，那么它几乎完全依赖DNT默认设置将成为常态。由此可知微软将DNT作为浏览器默认设置的目的并不是不记录用户的轨迹，而是想扰乱它的竞争者比如谷歌，所以偏离了DNT的初衷。故A项正确。5.观点态度题。由题干定位到本文最后一句“Brendon Lynch, Microsofts chief privacy officer, blogged: we believe consumers should have more control. Could it really be that simple? 微软首席隐私官Brendon Lynch在博客中写道:“我们相信消费者应该有更多的控制权。”真的有那么简单吗?”从Could it really be that simple?可知作者是持怀疑态度。故B项正确。9. 单选题Speakers and listeners are often at odds: language that is easy for the receiver to understand is often difficult to produce, and that which is easily formulated can be hard to（ ）.问题1选项A.comprehendB.ignoreC.confirmD.defend【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。comprehend理解，包含；ignore忽视，不理睬confirm 确认，确定； defend辩护。由前半句可知说话者与接受者之间存在矛盾，故后面可推知这两者之间还存在另一种矛盾，即容易表达的话却难以理解。故A项正确。句意：说话者和倾听者常常意见不一致:容易让接受者理解的语言往往很难产生，而容易表达的语言却很难理解。10. 单选题When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-g