2022年考博英语-扬州大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第165期

2022年考博英语-扬州大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题In Western history, work was not only a useful activity, but（ ）which carried with it a profound satisfaction.问题1选项A.the oneB.oneC.activityD.work【答案】B【解析】考查语法结构。当先行词是不定代词the one，something等时，不能用引导词which而应该用that，所以A选项可首先排除；填空处应填入代词来指代前面提到的work，所以选项B正确；填入D选项重复，所以不正确。句意：在西方历史上，工作不仅是一种有用的活动，而且还带来了一种深深的满足感。本题选择B选项。2. 单选题Hilter committed one of the most（ ）crimes in history.问题1选项A.violentB.venturousC.viciousD.virus【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。violent“暴力的，猛烈的”；venturous“不顾一切的，好冒险的”；vicious“恶毒的，恶意的，凶残的”；virus“病毒”。句意：Hilter犯下了历史上最暴力的行径之一。A项符合题意。3. 单选题When department stores have an oversupply of goods, they frequently（ ）prices to encourage sales.问题1选项A.concealB.reviewC.damageD.reduce【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项conceal“隐藏；隐瞒”；B选项review“回顾；检查；复审”；C选项damage“损害，毁坏” D选项reduce“ 减少；降低”。句意：当百货公司的商品供过于求时，他们经常降价以促进销量。空格处动词的宾语是“价格”，根据后面的“以促进销量”可知D项符合句意。4. 单选题The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like Paleolithic Man, Neolithic Man, etc., neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the label Legless Man. Histories of the time will go something like this: in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to prevent people from walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didnt use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski-lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were marred by the presence of large car parks.The future history books might also record that we were deprived of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a birds-eye view of the world or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the countryside constantly smears the windows. Car drivers, in particular, are forever obsessed with the urge to go on and on: they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great motorways, or what? And as for sea travel, it hardly deserves mention. H is perfectly summed up in the words of the old song: I joined the navy to see the world, and what did I see? 1 saw the sea. The typical twentieth-century traveler is the man who always says Ive been there. You mention the remotest, most evocative place-names in the world like El Dorado, Kabul, Irkutsk and someone is bound to say Ive been there meaning, I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else.When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival, when it is achieved, is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this, you suspend all experience; the present ceases to be a reality: you might just as well be dead. The traveler on foot, on the other hand, lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical weariness. He knows that sound. Satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all true travelers.1. Anthropologists label nowadays men Legless because（ ）.2.Traveling at high speed means（ ）.3. Why does the author say we are deprived of the use of our eyes?4.What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?5.What does a birds-eye view mean?问题1选项A.people forget how to use his legs.B.people prefer cars, buses and trains.C.lifts and escalators prevent people from walking.D.there are a lot of transportation devices.问题2选项A.peoples focus on the future.B.a pleasure.C.satisfying drivers great thrill.D.a necessity of life.问题3选项A.People wont use their eyes.B.In traveling at high speed, eyes become useless.C.People cant see anything on his way of travel.D.People want to sleep during traveling.问题4选项A.Legs become weaker.B.Modern means of transportation make the world a small place.C.There is no need to use eyes.D.The best way to travel is on foot.问题5选项A.See view with birds eyes.B.A bird looks at a beautiful view.C.It is a general view from a high position looking down.D.A scenic place.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的第三、四句“When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the label Legless Man. Histories of the time will go something like this: in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs.当人类学家将目光转向20世纪，他们肯定选择“无腿人”这个标签。这个时代的历史大概是这样的：在20世纪，人们已经忘记如何使用他们的腿.”后面具体举例来论证这个观点，比如人们坐车，乘电梯，坐电缆车等，由此可知，人类学家之所以给20世纪的人贴上“无腿人”这个标签是因为人们已经忘记如何使用他们的腿。选项A符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第三段的首句“When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. 当你高速旅行的时候，现在对于你来说毫无意义：你主要生活在未来，因为你大部分时间都在盼望到达另一个地方。”也就是说，当人们高速旅行的时候，关注的是未来，所以选项A符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第二段的一、二句“The future history books might also record that we were deprived of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. 未来的历史书可能还会记载，我们的眼睛被剥夺了使用权。在我们匆忙地从一个地方到另一个地方时，一路上我们什么也没看见。”作者之所以说人们被剥夺了眼睛的使用权，是因为人们在匆忙的旅行路上什么也没看见，所以选项C符合原文。4.作者意图题。结合全文内容可知，文章先在首段提出了“无腿人”是当代人的标签；第二段则讲述了人们在匆忙的旅行过程中失去了眼睛的使用权利；最后在第三段呼吁人们徒步旅行。由此可知，作者的目的在于告诉人们：最好的旅行方式是徒步到达。所以选项D正确。选项A和选项C表达过于片面，选项B不符合文章主旨，所以均不正确。5.语义辨析题。根据关键词“a birds-eye view”定位到第二段的第三句“Air travel gives you a birds-eye view of the world or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. 航空旅行可以让你鸟瞰世界如果机翼恰好挡住了你的视线，你就看得更少了。”由此可知，“a birds-eye view”不是指鸟的视线，而是鸟瞰，也就是从高处往下看。这里是坐在飞机上鸟瞰下面的世界，所以选项C正确。5. 单选题She is（ ）to the cost until tragedy alters her life and the lives of those around her.问题1选项A.ignorantB.obliviousC.unawareD.unmindful【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项ignorant“无知的，愚昧的”；B选项oblivious“健忘的，不注意的”；C选项unaware“未察觉的”；D选项unmindful“漫不经心的”。句意：直到悲剧改变了她和周围人的生活，她才意识到代价的存在。能和介词to搭配的只有B选项，be oblivious to 是固定搭配，意为“不在意的；不以为意的”，所以选项B正确。6. 单选题There（ ） no further questions, the Chair will entertain a motion to approve the Presidents report.问题1选项A.had beenB.would beC.wasD.being【答案】D【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：没有问题的话，主席要提议请大家核准董事会的报告。句子的前半部分在句中做状语成分，为独立主格机构，所以填空处应填入非谓语动词，只有选项D符合要求。7. 单选题One of the major pleasures（1）life is appetite, and one of our major duties should be to（2）it. Appetite is the（3）of living: it is one of the（4）that tells you that you are still curious to exist, that you still have an edge on your longings and want to bite into the world and taste its multitudinous（5）and juices.（6）appetite, of course, I dont mean just the desire for food, but any condition of（7）desire, any burning in the blood that proves you want more than youve got, and that you havent yet（8）your life. Wilde said he felt sorry for those who never got their hearts desire, but sorrier（9）for those who did. I got mine once only, and it nearly killed me, and Ive always preferred wanting（10）since.For appetite, for me, is this state of wanting, which keeps ones（11）alive. I remember learning this lesson long ago as a child, when treats and orgies were（12）, and when I discovered that the（13）pitch of happiness was not in actually eating a toffee, but in（14）it beforehand. True, the first bite was delicious, （15）once the toffee was gone one was left with nothing, neither toffee nor lust.So, for me, one of the keenest（16）of appetite remains in the wanting, not the satisfaction. In this condition, of course, I know that the object of desire is always at its most flawlessly（17）, which is why I would carry the preservation of appetite（18）of deliberate fasting, simply because I think that appetite is（19）to lose, too precious to be bludgeoned（20）insensibility by satiation and over-doing it.问题1选项A.forB.toC.inD.with问题2选项A.preserveB.deserveC.reserveD.serve问题3选项A.wantingB.interestC.keennessD.wishes问题4选项A.touchesB.hopesC.sensesD.expectations问题5选项A.dishesB.mealsC.smellsD.flavors问题6选项A.ByB.WithC.ThroughD.Of问题7选项A.dissatisfiedB.unsatisfiedC.dissatisfyingD.unsatisfying问题8选项A.used upB.used allC.used overD.finished问题9选项A.moreB.the sameC.evenD.still问题10选项A.to havingB.than havingC.instead of havingD.but not having问题11选项A.wantingB.desiringC.curiosityD.expectation问题12选项A.popularB.manyC.fewD.a few问题13选项A.biggestB.greatestC.mostD.largest问题14选项A.tastingB.imaginingC.bitingD.gazing at问题15选项A.butB.howeverC.andD.for问题16选项A.happinessB.delightsC.pleasuresD.well-being问题17选项A.goodB.bestC.perfectD.most问题18选项A.at a degreeB.to an extentC.to some extentD.to the extent问题19选项A.too goodB.so goodC.too hardD.too easy问题20选项A.forB.intoC.inD.to【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D第6题:A第7题:B第8题:A第9题:D第10题:A第11题:D第12题:C第13题:B第14题:D第15题:A第16题:C第17题:C第18题:D第19题:A第20题:B【解析】第1题:1.考查介词辨析。这里表示“渴望乃生活之一大乐事”，因此选介词in。2.考查动词辨析。A选项preserve“保存；保护；维持”；B选项deserve“应受，应得”；C选项reserve“ 预订” D选项serve“招待，供应”。句意：而心怀渴望则成为一项重要的任务。这里表示 “我们的主要职责之一就是保护好它”，因此A项符合句意。3.考查名词辨析。A选项wanting“缺少的；缺乏的”；B选项interest“兴趣，爱好”；C选项keenness“ 敏锐；锐利” D选项wishes“希望；祝福”。B选项放在空格处比较合适，表示 “渴望意味着对生活充满热情”。因此B项正确。4.考查名词辨析。A选项touches“绝技”；B选项hopes“希望”；C选项senses“感觉；意义” D选项expectations“期望；预期”。句意：这种表明你依然希冀生活。根据句意可知C项正确。5.考查名词辨析。A选项dishes“菜肴”；B选项meals“膳食”；C选项smells“气味” D选项flavors“滋味”。D项放在这里比较合适，taste its multitudinous flavors and juices表示 “历尽世间百味百态”。句意：这种感觉表明你依然希冀生活，热衷梦想，向往探索世界，历尽世间百味百态。因此D项正确。6.考查介词辨析。这里用介词by比较合适，By appetite表示 “说到欲望/渴望”。句意：欲者，并非专指食欲，而乃渴望而不及之状态。7.考查形容词辨析。A选项dissatisfied “不满意的；不高兴的”；B选项unsatisfied“未得到满足的”；C选项dissatisfying“使不满，使失望（dissatisfy 的现在分词）”； D选项unsatisfying“无法令人满足的”。句意：当然，我所说的“渴望”不单指对食物的欲望，而指所有欲求未满的状态。因此B项正确。8.考查短语辨析。A选项use up“用完，耗尽”；B选项use all 无此搭配；C选项use over 无此搭配； D选项finish“完成；结束”。句意：这炽热的激情证明你希望收获更多，你的生命力并未耗尽。因此A项符合句意。9.语义题。Still修饰形容词比较级，表示 “更加；.得多”。句意：王尔德曾说过，对未能梦想成真者，他深表惋惜；而对心愿已遂者，他则倍感遗憾。因此D项正确。10.考查固定搭配。prefer doing to doing表示 “更喜欢，不喜欢”。句意：我梦想成真过一次，这几乎要了我的命，从那以后，比起拥有，我更喜欢向往的状态。因此A项正确。11.考查名词辨析。A选项wanting（want 的现在分词）“想要；需要”；B选项desiring“渴望（desire 的现在分词）”；C选项curiosity“ 好奇” D选项expectation“期待；预期；指望”。句意：对我来说，渴望就是这种想往的状态，它使希望永存。因此D项正确。12.语义题。句意：我记得懂得这一点是在很久以前，还是个孩子的时候，那时有人款待和纵酒享乐的机会几乎没有。按上下文逻辑理解，这里表示 “有人款待和纵酒享乐的机会”在孩提时应是“几乎没有”的，因此C项正确。13.考查形容词最高级。句意：而我发觉最大的幸福不在于吃太妃糖，而在于吃前凝视它的那一段时间。这里表示 “最大程度的幸福”，因此用great的最高级greatest。因此B项正确。14.考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的动名词形式。A选项taste“品尝”；B选imagine“想象；猜想”；C选项bite“咬；刺痛”； D选项gaze at“盯住；凝视”。句意：而在于吃前凝视它的那一段时间。因此D项正确。15.考查连词辨析。句意：诚然，咬第一口时味道不错，但一旦太妃糖吃完了，一切皆化为乌有，无论是太妃糖还是欲望全都没了。空格前后是转折关系，故选A。16.考查名词辨析。A选项happiness“幸福”；B选项delights“高兴”；C选项pleasures“愉快；乐事”； D选项well-being“幸福；康乐”。句意：所以对我而言，欲望的最大乐趣之一在于对之渴求，而非满足感。因此C项正确。17.考查形容词辨析。A选项good“好的；优良的”；B选项best“最好的”；C选项perfect“ 完美的；最好的”； D选项most“多数的；最多的”。句意：在这些情况下，我当然知道渴望的目的通常在于其无瑕疵的完美。因此C项正确。18.考查短语辨析。A选项at a degree“在一定程度上”；B选项to an extent“在一定程度上”；C选项to some extent“ 在某种程度上”； D选项to the extent“到程度”。句意：这就是为什么我会刻意禁食来保持食欲。因此D项正确。19.考查固定搭配。句意：仅仅是因为我认为胃口太好了，不能失去，太珍贵了，不能因为饱足和过度进食而变得麻木。Tooto表示 “太而不能”，A项符合句意。20.考查固定搭配。be bludgeoned into在这里表示 “变得，成为状态”。句意：太珍贵了，不能因为饱足和过度进食而变得麻木。因此B项正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:第6题:第7题:第8题:第9题:第10题:第11题:第12题:第13题:第14题:第15题:第16题:第17题:第18题:第19题:第20题:8. 单选题She contrived to get a glimpse of the light of truth here and there, and hoped that（ ）ray might suffice to guide her.问题1选项A.scantB.scarceC.meagerD.sparse【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项scant“不足的，缺乏的”，强调的是勉强足够的；B选项scarce“缺乏的，稀有的”，强调的是“稀缺、珍贵”；C选项meager“贫乏的”，多指收入微薄；D选项sparse“稀疏的，稀少的”，强调人烟稀少，资源匮乏。句意：她设法在各处瞥见一点真理的光芒，希望那微弱的光芒足以引导她。这里强调的是勉强足够的，所以选项A更符合语境。9. 单选题None of this is（ ）surprising, nor are these questionable industry machination limited to the frenzied search for the so-called pink pill.问题1选项A.at the leastB.the leastC.the least bitD.in the least bit【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项at the least“无论如何”；B选项the least“最少”；C选项the least bit“半点，毫厘”；D选项in the least bit“一点，丝毫”。句意：这些丝毫不令人感到惊讶，这些可疑行业的阴谋也不仅仅局限于疯狂地寻找所谓的“粉色药丸”。选项D符合句意。10. 单选题Many tourists were（ ）by the citys complicated traffic system.问题1选项A.degradedB.bewilderedC.evokedD.diverted【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。degrade“使降低，使堕落，” ；bewilder“迷惑；把弄糊涂，”；evoke意为“唤起，引起，”；divert意为“转移，分散。”句意：这个城市复杂的交通把许多游客搞得晕头转向。B项符合题意。11. 单选题Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion-a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds (关系) among members of groups. Societys economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives(刺激,动力) of any kind, for as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an objects physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us-hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are good and others are bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life-from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society uses our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty morality, pride shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.1.The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that（ ）.2.According to the passage, peoples learning activity are possible because they（ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on （ ）.4.Emotions are significant for mans survival and adaptation because（ ）.5.The emotional aspects of an object are more important than its physical aspects in that they（ ）.问题1选项A.they would not be able to tell the texture of objectsB.they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to themC.they would not be happy with a life without loveD.they would do things that hurt each others feelings问题2选项A.enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thingB.know what is vital to the progress of societyC.believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay aliveD.benefit from providing help and support to one another问题3选项A.the ability to make moneyB.the capacity to workC.the stimulus to workD.the categorizations of our emotional experiences问题4选项A.they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objects.B.they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintained.C.they encourage people to perform dangerous achievements.D.they produce more love than hate among people.问题5选项A.help society exploit its members for profitB.encourage us to perform important tasksC.help to perfect the legal and penal systemD.help us to adapt our behavior to the world surrounding us【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。由第一段“People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. 人们可能无法活下去:既不知道快乐也不知道恐惧，他们可能会重复对自己有益的行为，也会重复对自己有害的行为。”言下之意就是人们不知道什么事情对自己有益处，什么事情有害，所以选项B正确。2.推理判断题。由第一段“They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. 他们无法学习:他们无法从经验中获益，因为这个没有感情的世界将缺乏奖赏和惩罚。可知人们从奖赏和惩罚中学习。故A项正确。3.推理判断题。由第一段“Societys economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives(刺激,动力) of any kind, for as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.社会的经济支柱将会被毁灭，因为挣1000万美元并不会比挣10美元带来更多快乐，没有了工作的动力。事实上，任何事情的动力都没有了，因为我们知道动力反映了享受它们的能力。”可知经济的支柱是工作的动力，故C项正确。4.推理判断题。由第二段“Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are good and others are bad”, In fact, society uses our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty morality, pride shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. 我们对事物和事件的情感体验会产生一种社会认同感，认为某些事物和行为是好的而另一些是坏的。事实上，社会利用我们的情感反应和态度，如忠诚、道德、骄傲、羞耻、内疚、恐惧和贪婪，来维持自身。”可知B项“它们是维持社会认同感的基础。”正确。5.推理判断题。由第二段As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an objects physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us-hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. 为个体，我们会根据我们的情绪对物体进行分类。诚然，我们会考虑物体的长度、形状、大小或质地，但它对我们做了什么或能做什么更重要伤害我们、让我们惊讶、愤怒或高兴。”可知物体的情感方面能够引导我们去调整自己的行为以便更好地适应周围的环境。故D项正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:12. 单选题Glass that has been tempered may be up to（ ）.问题1选项A.five times as hard as ordinary glassB.as hard as ordinary glass five timesC.hard as ordinary glass as five timesD.as five times hard ordinary glass【答案】A【解析】语法题。考查倍数表达：倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+其它。句意：钢化玻璃的硬度可能是普通玻璃的五倍。因此A项正确。13. 单选题We offer a wide variety of services to fit your request,（ ）web design, graphic design, web development, or anything else.问题1选项A.whether they beB.whether it beC.would they beD.would it be【答案】B【解析】考查语法结构。句意：我们提供各种各样的服务，以满足您的要求，无论是网页设计，图形设计，网页开发，或任何其他。根据句意可知，这里表示的是“无论.”，可首先排除选项C和选项D；其次，原句中并列的几个选择性词组都是单数形式，所以这里的代词也应该使用单数，选项B为正确答案。14. 单选题If nothing is done to p