2022研究生入学-英语一考试题库套卷48（含答案解析）

2022研究生入学-英语一考试题库（含答案解析）1. 问答题：You have borrowed a book from Professor Thomas and find that you cant give it back to him two days later as scheduled.Write him an email to ask whether you can keep the book for a few days more and make an apology.You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name at the end of the email.UseIi Minginstead.（10 points）答案： 本题解析：Dear Professor Thomas,I appreciate that you have lent me one of your precious books.I am writing to ask whether I could keep it for a few days more,and to make a sincere apology for the delay.For a deeper understanding of it,I have been consulting so large amounts of reference sources that it takes much more time than expected,and now it seems impossible for me to finish it as scheduled.Moreover,it is not yet available in China whereas its one of the important reference documents for my paper.For these reasons,I want to ask if I could have your permission to.return it two weeks later.Looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerety,Li Ming2. 问答题：Directios: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. In December of 1869, Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building. The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871.B. Completed in 1875, the State Departments south wing was the first to be occupied, with its elegant four-story library (completed in 1876), Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretarys office decorated with carved wood, Oriental rugs, and stenciled wall patterns. The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.C. The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nations foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power. The building has housed some of the nations most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.D. Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOBs granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming president. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.E. The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.F. Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOB was finished, it was the largest office building in Washington, with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety. Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.G. The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building. In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.41. _ C 42. _ 43. _ F44. _ 45. _答案： 本题解析：A选项中出现了时间词In December of 1869，为最早的时间，并且文章内容说国会选址开始建，符合逻辑。3. 问答题：Even accepting that translation is technically possible,there is still the matter of its place in the literary hierarchy.Darkening any gloss on translation is the shadow of the original text,towering uplike a lifeless block of resistance.The dividing line between original and translation has been one of the assumed constants of translation theory and commentary,as jealously guarded as the frontier between two hostile nations,and rarely challenged.This supposedly inviolable border,however,is not an eternal truth:for centuries,from the Romans down to Chaucer and Shakespeare,it was common for so-called original works to incorporate large portions of texts from other languages.Around the early seventeenth century,however,attitudes began to change.Not only did the distinction between original and translation harden,but the sacred authoritv of the original was established.One reason for this attitude js technological:the rise of the printing press and the printed book brought forward the identity of the books creator,which prioritized the notion of authorship and along with it the authors claim of copyright.Another is philosophical,stemming from both Biblical tradition and the Platonic notion of poetry as being divinely inspired and therefore levels above any attempt to replicate it.Finally,and regardless of the translators talent,perhaps the most resistant aspect of the divide between translation and original derives from the fact that translation,by introducing one or more additional actors into the process,poses an uncomfortable challenge to our most deep-seated and cherished notions of how art is created.If we consider a work of art to be the unique expression of the artists inner resources,then any adaptation of it,any reworking by an outside agency can only be seen as a pale imitation,more or less indicative of thereal thingbut by definition inferior to it.Rather than see this as a drawback,I recommend we consider it a liberation,an acknowledgment that the translator,freed from the unpleasant task of trying to establish exact equivalences,can now concentrate on the much more rewarding,and perfectly possible,task of doing justice to the source text by bringing her own talents to its cause.Again,this is not to say that theres no significant difference between a translation and its source.What we can question is the longstanding value system,by recognizing what the translators literary skills bring to the mix.To present a work as aptly as possible,to re-create it in all its beauty and ugliness,takes sensitivity,empathy,flexibility,attentiveness,and tact.And,perhaps most of all,it takes respect for ones own work,the belief that ones translation is worth judging on its own merits（or flaws）,and that,if done properly,it can stand shoulder to shoulder with the source text.答案： 本题解析：原作和译作的分界线已被翻译理论界和评论界认定为是一直存在的，如同两个敌对国家间的边界一般受到严格保护，极少遭人质疑。4. 问答题：Directions: Read the following text carefully and thn translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Mental health is our birthright. (1) We dont have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health cant be learned, only reawakened. It is like immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we dont understand the value of mental health and we dont know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (2) Our mental health doesnt really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant. Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteemconfidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our livesthe ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. Its a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (3) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives. (4) Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (5) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.答案： 本题解析：当他人陷入危难之时，心理健康使我们能够给予他们同情；而对于那些痛苦不堪的人们，心理健康使我们能够给予他们善意；无论对谁，都能给予无条件的爱。结构分析：本句是由三个withif结构组成的并列句，而主句部分为Mental health allows us to view others with。内容要点分析：为了使内容表达清晰，表达方式多样，在翻译时，第一个并列成分with sympathy if they are having troubles中的if结构翻译为状语“当他人陷入危难之时，”；而第二个并列成分with kindness if they are in pain中的if结构翻译成了定语，“那些痛苦不堪的”；第三个并列成分with unconditional love no matter who they are中的no matter who they are翻译成了“无论对谁”。5. 问答题：Write an email to the freshmen in your department to recommend a book club.In your email you should include the details you think necessary.You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSWER SFIEET.Do not use your own name at the end of the email.UseIi Minginstead.（10 points）答案： 本题解析：Dear Stuclents.I president of Yanjing Reading Club,am writing to recommend our reading club to you,and invite those who are interested in studies or Guoxue to join us.Yanjing Reading Club,targeting alt students in our school,aims to carry on and promote Chinese classics and wisdom.The reading of classics,hosted by teachers from the Department of Philosophy,is organized every Friday at 7 p.m.in Room 503,No.2 Teaching Building.In addition,there will be regular lectures on Guoxue given by famous experts and scholars.Join us,and you will get the chance to Iislen to masters and talk with like-minded people!Im sure you will benefit a lot from it.Looking forward to having you join us!Faithfully yours,Li Ming6. 问答题：The man told the hostess he would take his revenge（ ）the hotel for dismissing him.on答案： 本题解析：to take ones revenge on sh.for sth.=to avenge/revenge oneself on sb.for sth.因某事对某人采取报复。7. 问答题：People who walk on the grass are liable（ ）a fine of$5.to答案： 本题解析：be liable to（=be subject to）“易于的，应受（罚）的”。8. 问答题：The judge ruled that the evidence was inadmissible on the grounds that it was irrelevant（ ）the issue at hand.to答案： 本题解析：irrelevant（to sth.）“（与某事物）不相关的，无关系的，不切题”，为固定搭配。如：What you say is irrelevant to the subject.你说的话不切题9. 问答题：Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is subjected（ ）loud continuous noise.to答案： 本题解析：be subjected to“遭受”。句意：人们应注意减少受强烈持续噪音影响的时间。10. 问答题：Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigrationone of the great folk wanderings of historyswept from Europe to America. 1. This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.2. The United States is the product of two principal forcesthe immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. 3. But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.4. The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and -16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 5. The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.答案： 本题解析：美国是两种主要力量的产物：思想习俗和民族特点各不相同的欧洲移民，以及变更了这些特征的新国家所产生的影响。结构分析：本句主体结构为简单句，可直接翻译；句尾为两个名词性结构，第一个名词性结构由with介词短语修饰，为求简练，可直接翻译为前置定语结构，第二个名词性结构由定语从句修饰，定语从句结构较为简单，因此亦可翻译为前置定语成分。内容要点分析：be the product of可翻译为“是的产物；产生于”；按照上下文，immigration可翻译为“移民活动”，European peoples可翻译为“欧洲各民族”；traits指代“varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics”，可翻译为“特征”。