2022年考博英语-哈尔滨师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷80（含答案解析）

2022年考博英语-哈尔滨师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Hot metal _ as it grows cooler.问题1选项A.contractsB.reducesC.condensesD.compresses【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. contracts（使）收缩，缩小 B. reduces减少；降低C. condenses（由气体）冷凝，（使气体）凝结 D. compresses（被）压紧，压缩【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词cooler（变冷），结合常识可知，热胀冷缩，所以空格处表示“缩小”，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C项不符合句意；D项是指由于外力的压缩造成的，不符合语境。【句意】热金属一开始变冷就收缩。2. 单选题It is obvious that this applicable to everyone without _.问题1选项A.exceptionB.excisionC.modificationD.substitution【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. exception一般情况以外的人（或事物）；例外 B. excision切除；删除C. modification改进；改变 D. substitution代替；替换【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息applicable to everyone（适用于每一个人）可知，每个人都适用，也就是说没有一个例外，without exception是常见用法，表示“无例外地，全部”，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】显然，这适用于每个人，无一例外。3. 单选题He has been _ of murdering the Japanese visitor.问题1选项A.blamedB.chargedC.accusedD.arrested【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. blamed责怪；指责 B. charged收（费）；控诉C. accused控告；控诉 D. arrested逮捕；拘留【答案】C【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息murdering the Japanese visitor（谋杀日本游客）可推知，空格处应该填入“指控、控诉”，而由介词of可知，be accused of是固定用法，表示“被指控”，故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A项不符合句意；B项要与with搭配，charge sb. with sth.表示“控告某人某事”；D项要与for搭配使用，arrest sb. for sth.表示“因某事逮捕某人”。【句意】他被指控谋杀了那名日本游客。4. 单选题Home economists recommend _ in large quantities.问题1选项A.to buy basic food itemsB.buying basic items of the foodC.buying basic food itemsD.to buy basic items of the food【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. to buy basic food items购买基本食品 B. buying basic items of the food购买基本食品C. buying basic food items购买基本食品 D. to buy basic items of the food购买基本食品【答案】C【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】food items是常见搭配，表示“食品”，可先排除B、D项；recommend可以和to do搭配，也可以与doing搭配，但是如果后面跟不定式，recommend后面要跟sb.，recommend sb. to do sth.表示“建议某人去做某事”；如果后面跟doing，recommend可以直接跟，recommend doing sth.表示“建议做某事”，所以此处选择C项。【干扰项排除】A项要加sb.才符合搭配，故排除；B、D项不符合固定搭配。【句意】家庭经济学家建议大量购买基本食品。5. 单选题He does not _ his workmate, and there are often disagreements between them.问题1选项A.go on withB.put up withC.get along withD.keep up with【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. go on with继续；进行 B. put up with忍受，容忍C. get along with与和睦相处；取得进展 D. keep up with赶得上；和保持联系【答案】C【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】根据后半句“他们之间经常有分歧”可知，他和他的同事之间的关系不是很好，所以空格处表示“和睦相处”符合句意，故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。【句意】他和他的同事相处不好，他们之间经常有分歧。6. 单选题Within the hour the show is canceled and everyone returns to the hotel to _ their sorrows.问题1选项A.pourB.swallowC.sufferD.drown【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. pour倾倒，倒出 B. swallow吞下；咽下C. suffer（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难 D. drown（使）淹死；淹没，浸没【答案】D【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据前半句“不到一小时，演出就取消了”可知，每个人都是沉浸在悲伤之中，所以空格处表示“沉浸”符合句意，而drown ones sorrow可以表示“沉浸在悲伤之中”，所以该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A、B项不符合句意；C项suffer要与from连用，故排除。【句意】不到一小时，演出就取消了，每个人都回到酒店沉浸在忧伤里。7. 翻译题He is a former scientist who transitioned to industry many years ago and then on to a senior management position.【答案】他曾是一名科学家，多年前转行到工业界，然后担任高级管理职位。8. 单选题There is no _ to the house from the main road.问题1选项A.accessB.exposureC.avenueD.edge【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. access通路；入径 B. exposure面临，遭受（危险或不快）C. avenue（城镇的）大街 D. edge边缘；边线【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词from the main road（从主路）可知，空格处所表达的是去房子的“通道”，所以该题选择A项符合句意。【干扰项排除】B、D项不符合句意；C项是指城镇的大街，故排除。【句意】从大路没有通路到那所房子。9. 单选题They dont know how to put in a central-heating system, but they managed it by trial and _.问题1选项A.faultB.slopC.errorD.mistake【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. fault过错；缺点 B. slop泔水；（倒掉的）剩饭菜C. error错误；差错 D. mistake错误，失误【答案】C【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】按照句意“他们不知道如何安装中央供暖系统，但他们通过试验和_设法做到了”，由by trial可知，by trial and error是固定搭配，表示“反复试验”，故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A项泛指抽象的过失、过错、责任等，不符合句意；B项不符合句意；D项指判断或理解方面的错误，或是由于缺乏思考或疏忽而造成的错误，不符合句意。【句意】他们不知道如何安装中央供暖系统，但他们通过反复试验设法做到了。10. 翻译题Anyone can make things bigger and more complex, what requires real effort and courage is to move in the opposite directionin other words, to make things as simple as possible.【答案】任何人都可以把事情做得更大、更复杂，但真正需要努力和勇气的是朝相反的方向走，换句话说，就是把事情做得尽可能简单。11. 单选题John said that his present job does not provide him with enough _ for his organizing ability.问题1选项A.scopeB.spaceC.capacityD.range【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. scope（做或实现某事的）机会，能力；（题目、组织、活动等的）范围 B. space（可利用的）空地，空间C. capacity容量；容积；容纳能力 D. range（变动或浮动的）范围，界限【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词organizing ability（组织能力）可知，enough _指的是“（发挥组织能力的）足够空间”，而scope是指实现某事或者做某事的机会或能力，符合句意，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B项牛津释义是an amount of an area or of a place that is empty or that is available for use（空的或可供使用的区域或地方），不符合句意；C、D项不符合句意。【句意】约翰说他目前的工作不能为他的组织能力提供足够的施展空间。12. 单选题Fred doesnt like white coffee, nor does he like to put cream on his strawberries, because he prefers them _.问题1选项A.naturalB.plainC.simpleD.ordinary【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. natural自然的；天然的 B. plain朴素的；简单的C. simple简单的 D. ordinary普通的；平常的【答案】B【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】按照主句内容“弗雷德不喜欢加牛奶的咖啡，也不喜欢在草莓上加奶油”可推知，他喜欢吃原滋原味的食物，plain可以表示食物等素净、清淡的，所以该题选择B项恰当。【干扰项排除】A项、D项不符合句意；C项指人或事物拥有他们所需要的所有基本或必要的东西，或者某件事物易于理解，不符合语境。【句意】弗雷德不喜欢加牛奶的咖啡，也不喜欢在草莓上加奶油，因为他喜欢原味的食物。13. 单选题During the lecture, the speaker occasionally _ his point by relating his own experiences.问题1选项A.illustratedB.hintedC.tiedD.displayed【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. illustrated说明，阐明 B. hinted暗示；透露C. tied（用线、绳等）系，拴 D. displayed陈列；展出【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词the speaker（演讲者）和his point（他的观点）可推知，空格处表示“阐明观点”，illustrate指用例子、故事或图表阐明，符合句意，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】在讲座中，演讲者偶尔会通过讲述自己的经历来阐述他的观点。14. 单选题On the side of the hill, there is a _ which was once the entrance to a gold mine.问题1选项A.deep hole in groundB.hole deep in groundC.deep hole in the groundD.deep in the ground hole【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. deep hole in ground B. hole deep in groundC. deep hole in the ground D. deep in the ground hole【答案】C【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】hole是名词，deep是形容词，故deep应该放在hole前面，而in the ground是固定搭配，表示“在地下”，所以该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A项in ground用法不正确，故排除；B、D项不符合句子语法结构。【句意】在山的一边，有一个深洞在地面上，这个洞曾经是金矿的入口。15. 单选题Jims close _ to his brother made people mistake them for one another.问题1选项A.accuracyB.confusionC.probabilityD.resemblance【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. accuracy精确，准确 B. confusion困惑；混乱C. probability可能性；概率 D. resemblance相似，相像【答案】D【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】按照句意“吉姆和他哥哥的_使人们误以为他们是彼此”可推知，吉姆兄弟俩让人们认不出来，说明吉姆和他哥哥长得相似，resemblance是指与某人或某物相似或看起来相似，与介词to搭配使用，故该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。【句意】吉姆和他哥哥长得很像，这使人们误以为他们是彼此。16. 单选题The reason he wants to take a leave of absence is _.问题1选项A.because he is needing a complete restB.because he needed a complete restC.that he needs a complete restD.because a complete rest is needed by him【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. because he is needing a complete rest B. because he needed a complete restC. that he needs a complete rest D. because a complete rest is needed by him【答案】C【考查点】表语从句。【解题思路】分析句子可知，句子缺少表语，而结合选项可知，该句的句意是“他想休假的原因是他需要充分休息”，所以空格处是一个表语从句，because和that都可以引导表语从句，而“需要休息”的主体是he，所以从句中的主语用he，又根据前面的wants可知，need应该同样用一般现在时，故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A项need一般不用于进行时态；B项need时态使用错误；D项主语应该是he，故排除。【句意】他想休假的原因是他需要充分休息。17. 单选题There are many kinds of metals, _.问题1选项A.each having its special propertiesB.having its special propertiesC.one has its special propertiesD.each has its special properties【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. each having its special properties B. having its special propertiesC. one has its special properties D each has its special properties【答案】A【考查点】独立主格结构。【解题思路】分析句子可知，there are many kinds of metals（金属有很多种）是一个独立完整的句子，而该句没有并列连词，所以空格处是独立主格结构，即n./代词 + 分词/不定式，所以该题选择A项正确。【干扰项排除】B项缺少主语；C、D项是独立的句子，而逗号不能连接两个独立完整的句子。【句意】金属有很多种，每一种都有它的特性。18. 单选题There has been a collision _ a number of cars on the main road to town.问题1选项A.composingB.consistingC.involvingD.enraging【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. composing组成，构成（一个整体） B. consisting存在于；由组成（或构成）C. involving包含；涉及 D. enraging使异常愤怒；激怒【答案】C【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息a collision（一起碰撞）和a number of cars（多辆汽车）可知，这句话是表达“道路上发生了一起多辆汽车碰撞的事故”，空格处表示“涉及”符合句意，故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项都不符合句意。【句意】在进城的主要道路上发生了一起涉及多辆汽车的碰撞事故。19. 单选题They did not find _ to prepare for the worst conditions they might meet.问题1选项A.worth their whileB.it worthwhileC.it worthD.it worthy【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. worth their while值得 B. it worthwhile值得C. it worth值得 D. it worthy值得【答案】B【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】根据find可知，find it + adj. + to do是固定搭配，表示“发现干某事是”，而worthwhile的搭配是it is worthwhile to do（做某事是值得的），所以该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A项不符合固定搭配；C项worth要与doing搭配使用；D项worthy要与of搭配使用。【句意】他们觉得为可能遇到的最坏情况做准备是不值得的。20. 单选题Passage 2Polyester (聚酯) is now being used for bottles, ICI, the chemicals and plastics company, believes that it is now beginning to break the grip of glass on the bottle business and thus take advantage of this huge market.All the plastics manufacturers have been experiencing hard times as their traditional products have been doing badly world-wide for the last few years. Between 1982 and 1984 the Plastics Division of ICI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars, and they felt that the most hopeful new market was in packaging, bottles and cans.Since 1982 it has opened three new factories producing Melina, the raw material from which high quit polyester boles are made.The polyester bottle was born in the 1970s, when soft drinks companies like Coca Cola started selling their drinks in giant two-liter containers. Because of the build-up of the pressure of gas in these large containers, glass was unsuitable. Nor was PVC, the plastic which had been used for bottles since the 1960s, suitable for drinks with gas in them. A new plastic had to be made.Glass is still cheaper for the smaller bottles, and will continue to be so unless oil and plastic become much cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.Polyester bottles are virtually unbreakable. The manufacturers claim they are also lighter, less noisy when being handled, and can be reused. Shopkeepers and other business people are unlikely to object to a change from glass to polyester, since these bottles mean few breakages, which are costly and time-consuming. The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade.ICIs commercial department is developing different bottles with interesting shapes, to try and make them visually more attractive to the public.The next step could be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food. The problem here is the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.26. Plastics of various kinds have been used for making bottles _.27. Why is ICIs Plastics Division interested in polyester for bottles?28. Why arent all bottles tow made of polyester?29. Manufacturers think polyester bottles are better than glass bottles because they _.30. Plastic containers for holding food in the same way as cans _.问题1选项A.since 1982B.since the 1970s but only for large bottlesC.since the 1960s but not for liquids with gas in themD.since companies like Coca Cola first tried them问题2选项A.The other things they make are not selling well.B.Glass manufacturers cannot make enough new bottles.C.They have factories which could be adapted to make it.D.The price of oil keeps changing.问题3选项A.The price of oil and plastic has risen.B.It is not suitable for containing gassy drinks.C.The public like traditional glass bottles.D.Shop-keepers dislike reusable bottles.问题4选项A.are cheaperB.are more suited to small sitesC.are more exciting to look atD.do not break easily问题5选项A.have been used for many yearsB.are an idea that interests the plastics companiesC.are possible, but only for hot foodD.are the first things being made in the new factories【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】26.【选项释义】26. Plastics of various kinds have been used for making bottles _. 26. _，各种各样的塑料被用来制造瓶子。A. since 1982 A. 自1982年以来B. since the 1970s but only for large bottles B. 自20世纪70年代以来，但只用于制作大瓶子C. since the 1960s but not for liquids with gas in them C. 自20世纪60年代以来，但不适用于含气体的液体D. since companies like Coca Cola first tried them D. 自可口可乐等公司首次尝试塑料以来【答案】C【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第四段倒数第二句“自20世纪60年代以来就一直被用于制作瓶子的塑料聚氯乙烯也不适合含气体的饮料”理解可知，自20世纪60年代以来，塑料就被用于制作瓶子，但是不适合含气体的饮料，C项“自20世纪60年代以来，但不适用于含气体的液体”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“自1982年以来”是化工和塑料公司开设新工厂的时间，该项属于张冠李戴；B项“自20世纪70年代以来，但只用于制作大瓶子”，文中没有提到塑料只能用于制作大瓶子，只是提到塑料对于制作大瓶来说很好，该项属于曲解原文；D项“自可口可乐等公司首次尝试塑料以来”，文中只提到可口可乐等软饮料公司开始用两升的巨型容器销售饮料，没有说是第一次尝试，该项属于无中生有。27.【选项释义】27. Why is ICIs Plastics Division interested in polyester for bottles? 27. 为什么化工和塑料公司的塑料业务对聚酯瓶感兴趣？A. The other things they make are not selling well. A. 他们生产的其他东西卖得不好。B. Glass manufacturers cannot make enough new bottles. B. 玻璃制造商无法生产足够的新瓶子。C. They have factories which could be adapted to make it. C. 他们有工厂可以进行改造。D. The price of oil keeps changing. D. 石油的价格一直在变化。【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段的内容“所有的塑料制造商都经历了困难时期，因为过去几年他们的传统产品在全球范围内的表现都很糟糕。在1982年到1984年之间，化工和塑料公司的塑料业务损失了1.2亿美元，他们认为最有希望的新市场是包装、瓶子和易拉罐。”可知，塑料制造商过去几年的传统产品的表现很糟糕，甚至是造成损失，所以他们把目光投向了新市场：包装、瓶子和易拉罐；综合理解可以推断，化工和塑料公司的塑料业务之所以对聚酯瓶感兴趣，是因为他们生产的其他塑料用品销量不好，A项“他们生产的其他东西卖得不好”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“玻璃制造商无法生产足够的新瓶子”，根据第一段“聚酯现在正被用于瓶子制造，化工和塑料公司认为，聚酯现在正开始打破玻璃对瓶子业务的控制，因此他们可以利用这个巨大的市场”可知，化工和塑料公司是想利用这个市场打破玻璃对瓶子业务的垄断，并不是玻璃瓶产量不足，该项属于曲解原文；C项“他们有工厂可以进行改造”并不是塑料业务对聚酯瓶感兴趣的原因，该项属于曲解原文；D项“石油的价格一直在变化”文中没有提及，该项属于无中生有。28.【选项释义】28. Why arent all bottles tow made of polyester? 28. 为什么不是所有的瓶子都是聚酯纤维做的？A. The price of oil and plastic has risen. A. 石油和塑料的价格已经上涨。B. It is not suitable for containing gassy drinks. B. 不适合含气体的饮料。C. The public like traditional glass bottles. C. 公众喜欢传统的玻璃瓶。D. Shop-keepers dislike reusable bottles. D. 店主不喜欢可重复使用的瓶子。【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第六段最后两句“店主和其他商人不太可能反对从玻璃改为聚酯，因为这些瓶子意味着很少的破损，这是昂贵和耗时的。然而，公众却很难被说服。”可知，店主和商人同意把玻璃瓶换成聚酯瓶，但公众却很难被说服，推断可知，公众还是更喜欢传统的玻璃瓶。该题选择C项“公众喜欢传统的玻璃瓶”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“石油和塑料的价格已经上涨”，根据第五段“对于小瓶来说，玻璃还是比较便宜的，而且会继续如此，除非石油和塑料变得更便宜”可知，除非石油和塑料变得更便宜，不然的话，玻璃制作小瓶子更便宜，但是这并不意味着石油和塑料的价格已经上涨，该项属于曲解原文；B项“不适合含气体的饮料”根据第四段第一句“聚酯瓶诞生于20世纪70年代，当时可口可乐等软饮料公司开始用两升的巨型容器销售饮料”可知，聚酯瓶适合含气体的饮料，该项属于反向干扰；D项“店主不喜欢可重复使用的瓶子”与原文相反，该项属于反向干扰。29.【选项释义】29. Manufacturers think polyester bottles are better than glass bottles because they _. 29. 制造商认为聚酯瓶比玻璃瓶更好，因为他们_。A. are cheaper A. 更便宜B. are more suited to small sites B. 更适合小型场地C. are more exciting to look at C. 看起来更刺激D. do not break easily D. 不容易破碎【答案】D【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第六段前两句“聚酯瓶实际上是牢不可破的（unbreakable）。制造商声称，它们也更轻，在处理时噪音更小，并且可以重复使用。”理解可知，制造商认为聚酯瓶是牢不可破的，也就是说他们不容易破碎，该题选择D项“不容易破碎”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“更便宜”根据第五段“对于小瓶来说，玻璃还是比较便宜的，而且会继续如此”可知，聚酯瓶不比玻璃瓶便宜，该项属于反向干扰；B项“更适合小型场地”和C项“看起来更刺激”文中没有提及，这两项属于无中生有。30.【选项释义】30. Plastic containers for holding food in the same way as cans _. 30. 用和罐头一样的方式装食物的塑料容器_。A. have been used for many years A. 已经使用了很多年B. are an idea that interests the plastics companies B. 是一个引起塑料公司兴趣的想法C. are possible, but only for hot food C. 是可能的，但只能装热的食物D. are the first things being made in the new factories D. 是新工厂生产的第一批产品【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至最后一段“下一步可能是开发一种可以代替食品罐头的塑料”，也就是说可以代替装食品的罐子的塑料还没有被开发出来，但是塑料公司已经有这样的想法，所以推断开发装食物的塑料容器是一个引起塑料公司兴趣的想法，该题选择B项“是一个引起塑料公司兴趣的想法”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“已经使用了很多年”和D项“是新工厂生产的第一批产品”，根据原文可知，可以代替装食品的罐子的塑料还没有被开发出来，所以这两项属于反向干扰；C项“是可能的，但只能装热的食物”，文章最后一句指出“这里的问题是烹饪容器中的食物所必需的高温”可知，要开发出能够装食物的塑料容器首先要解决的问题是如何让塑料承受食物烹饪中所需要的高温，所以该项属于反向干扰。