2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考试题库及模拟押密卷46（含答案解析）

2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题She is a very （ ）student. Shes always talking about traveling to outer space.问题1选项A.imaginaryB.imaginativeC.imaginableD.imagining【答案】B【解析】考察形似形容词词义辨析。imaginary “虚构的，假想的”；imaginative “富于想象的，有创造力的”；imaginable “可能的，可想象的”；imagining 是 image的动名词形式。句意：她是一个富有想象力的学生。她总是谈论关于在外太空漫游的事。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something in theway of （ ）.问题1选项A.persuasionB.remedyC.encouragementD.compromise【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。persuasion “说服”；remedy “补救”；encouragement “鼓励”；compromise “妥协”。句意：当有人谈到自己的弱点时，听者应当对他进行鼓励。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题During their first teacher training year, the students often visited local schools for the（ ）of lessons.问题1选项A.observationB.investigationC.inspectionD.examination【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。observation “观察，监视”；investigation “调查”；inspection “视察，检查”；examination “考试”。句意：这些学生在第一年教师培训期的时候，经常去一些当地学校观摩。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题Theyll have you（ ） if you dont pay your taxes.问题1选项A.to be arrestedB.arrestC.arrestedD.being arrested【答案】C【解析】考查have sb. done 句型。 have sb. done 表示“让某人被”；have sb. do “让某人做”；have sb. doing “让某人一直做”。句意：你如果不纳税，他们会让你被捕。选项C符合题意。5. 翻译题E-mail is now one the fastest ways to gain or lose potential customers because of the ability to deliver information fast to an enormous amount of people. After sending a small you are no longer in control of the effects of the message and can only wait in suspense.An employee of your company started off his/her day in a bad mood. A potential customer emails them with a trivial question and they reply with a brash （无礼的）tone. Do you think the recipient will use your company? On the Internet word travels fast. It takes me 3 minutes to send email to 50-100 people. Therefore your company can lose 100 current or potential customers with the brash email sent out by your employee. This can happen in a matter of minutes. Speaking from personal experience I sent out what I considered a helpful message concerning a version the Internet. One person thought it was quite annoying because they knew that some of these messages are merely hoaxes （恶作剧）. The message I received, without a doubt, shot lightning ballistic me. What did I do? I apologized. I visited their site to see what kind of business they were in all. I knew that if someone had ever asked me to give them information about products relating to what they sold, I would most likely say, do not use “this company”.I find that it is most helpful to search newsgroups for my company name to see if good or bad things are being said about me. Try searching for Microsoft or Netscape and see what results are presented to you. Remember newsgroups are simply meeting places on the Internet where people exchange information. Most people know that the best business comes from word of mouth or “word of email.”Back to the story. After I sent my apology I received a reply the next day stating that they were sorry for what they had said. Problem solved. I now do not have a problem recommending that company to a friend. On some occasion a brash answer is responded to with a blush reply. Those are the lucky ones. Be careful, there are many vindictive (报复性的) people will reply to brashness by breaking into your entire site and demonstrating how angry they are with you. I cannot and will not try to break into someones website but people who are more knowledgeable can and do.【答案】由于电子邮件可以迅速将信息发送给很多人，它也就成为了人们获得或失去潜在顾客最快捷的方式。在发送完信息后，你就无法再控制信息可能产生的效果，而只能在不安中等待。你公司员工在情绪低落中开始了一天的工作。一个潜在的客户因为一些琐事发了一封邮件给他们，而他们给予了无礼的回复。你认为收件者会选择你们公司吗？网络中消息传播很快。我需要三分钟的时间将邮件发给50-100个人。于是，因为你雇员一封无礼的邮件，你的公司可能在短短几分钟之类损失了100个现有或者潜在的客户。谈到我个人的经历，我就曾在网络上发送过一条关于电脑病毒的有益信息。有人认为这很讨厌，因为他们知道某些这类信息纯粹是恶作剧。毫无疑问，我收到的回信令我非常恼火。我怎么做的？我向他们道歉了。我访问他们的网站去了解他们从事的生意。我心里想如果有人向我了解他们所生产的产品信息，我会说：“别用这家公司。”我发现在网络上的新闻组中搜索我公司的名字来查看关于我的好话和坏话是最有效的方法。尝试去搜索微软或者网景，看看搜到的结果。记住新闻组织是人们交换信息的平台。大多数人都知道最好的商家产生于人们的口碑和“邮件”。回到刚才的故事。在收到我致歉的邮件后，第二天我收到了回信，称他们对他们所说的话感到抱歉。问题解决。我现在会把这家公司介绍给朋友。有时候，无礼的应答会得到愧疚的回复。那些人是很幸运的。但是要当心，有许多具有报复心的人会通过入侵你的整个网站来回应你的无礼并表达他们的愤怒。我不能，也不会去侵入他人的网站，但是那些懂得怎么侵入网站的人会这么做。6. 单选题By the middle of the 18th century, many different kinds of Protestants （新教徒）lived to America. Although the Church of England was an established church in several colonies, Protestants lived side by side in relative harmony. Already they had begun to influence each other. The Great Awakening of the 1740s, a “revival” movement which sought to breathe new feeling and strength into religion cut across the lines of Protestant religious groups, or denominations.At the same time the works of John Locke were becoming known in America. John Locke reasoned that the right to govern comes from an agreement or “social contract” voluntarily entered into by free people. The Puritan experience in forming congregations made this idea seem natural to many Americans. Taking it out of the realm of social theory, they made it a reality and formed a nation.It was politics and not religion that most occupied Americans minds during the War of Independence and for years afterward. A few Americans were so influenced by the new science and new ideas of the Enlightenment in Europe that they became deists, believing that reason teaches that God exists but leaves man free to settle his own affairs.Many traditional Protestants and deists could agree, however, that, as the Declaration of Independence states，” all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights,” and that “the laws of Nature and Natures God” entitled them to form a new nation. Among the rights that the new nation guaranteed, as a political necessity in a religiously diverse society, was freedom of religion.The First Amendment （修正案）to the Constitution of the United States forbade new federal government to give special favors to any religion or to hinder the free practice, or otherwise of religion. The United States would have no state-supported religion in this way, those men who formulated the principal tenets of the newly established political system hoped to insure that diversity of religion belief should never become the source of social or political injustice or disaffection.The First Amendment insured that American government would not meddle in religious affairs or require any religious beliefs of its citizens. But did it mean that government would be religiously neutral, treating all religions alike?In some ways, the government supports all religions. Religious groups do not pay taxes to the United States Presidents and other political leaders often call on God to bless the American nation and people. Those whose religion forbids them to fight can perform other services instead of becoming soldiers. But government does not pay ministers salaries or require any belief-not even a belief in God - as a condition of holding public office. Oaths are administered, but those who, like Quakers, object to them, can make a solemn affirmation, or declaration, instead.The truth is that for some purposes government ignores religion and for other purposed it treats all religions alike at least as far as is practical. When disputes about the relationship between government and religion arise, American courts must settle them.1.What is the Great Awakening?2.What controlled Americans minds during the War of Independence?3.（ ） entitled Americans to have the freedom of religion.4. In the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, it is stipulated that5.Which of the following is the proof that the government ignores religion in some ways?问题1选项A.To cut across the lines of Protestant religious groups or denomination.B.A revival movement of seeking to breathe new feeling and strength into religion.C.To live side by side in relative harmony.D.To spread religious idea to other countries.问题2选项A.PoliticsB.ReligionC.ProtestantsD.Church问题3选项A.The First AmendmentB.The Constitution of the United StatesC.American GovernmentD.The Declaration of Independence问题4选项A.the government can entitle state-supported religion to enjoy some special rightsB.the government cannot take any action to limit the practice of any religionC.the United States would have no national religionD.the government will not intervene in the social or political injustice问题5选项A.Religious group need not pay taxes in the Unites States.B.President seldom calls on God to bless America and its peopleC.For those who, like Quakers, object to them, oaths can be replaced by a solemn affirmation or declaration.D.For those whose religion forbids them to fight, performing other services can take the place of being soldiers.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.文章第一段最后一句The Great Awakening of the 1740s, a “revival” movement which sought to breathe new feeling and strength into religion cut across the lines of Protestant religious groups, or denominations 提及“大觉醒运动”是为了为宗教带来新气象和新力量，选项B符合题意。2.文章第三段第一句It was politics and not religion that most occupied Americans minds during the War of Independence and for years afterward 提到战时政治占据了人们的思想，选项A符合题意。3.文章第四段提及 独立宣言 （the Declaration of Independence）提倡人生而平等，并肯定了人们具有某些不可剥夺的权利，宗教自由就是其中之一。选项D符合题意。4.文章第五段和第六段提及美国宪法第一修正案禁止政府树立官方宗教或阻碍宗教自由，也不允许参与宗教事务和对公民的强加宗教信仰（forbade new federal government to give special favors to any religion or to hinder the free practice, or otherwise of religion）。选项B符合题意。5.文章倒数第二段最后一句Oaths are administered, but those who, like Quakers, object to them, can make a solemn affirmation, or declaration, instead 提到向上帝宣誓并非强制性的，例如贵格派教徒可以用其他方式代替宣誓。选项C符合题意。7. 单选题During their fist teacher training year, the students often visited local schools for the（ ）of lessons.问题1选项A.observationB.investigationC.inspectionD.examination【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。observation “观察，监视”；investigation “调查”；inspection “视察，检查”；examination “考试”。句意：这些学生在第一年教师培训期的时候，经常去一些当地学校观摩。选项A符合题意。8. 单选题Many tourists were （ ）by the citys complicated traffic system.问题1选项A.degradedB.bewilderedC.evokedD.diverted【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。degrade “降级，降低，退化”；bewilder “使迷惑”；evoke “引起，唤起”；divert “转移”。句意：很多游客都被这个城市复杂的交通系统弄得晕头转向。选项B符合题意。9. 单选题There is no easy solution to Japans labor（ ） .问题1选项A.declineB.vacancyC.rarityD.shortage【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。decline “下降”；vacancy “空缺，空白”；rarity “罕见；珍品”；shortage “缺少”。句意：日本劳动力不足的问题很难解决。选项D符合题意。10. 单选题Some people think that a（ ） translation, or word-for-word translation, is easier than afree translation.问题1选项A.literalB.literaryC.liberalD.linear【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。literal “照原文的，逐字的”；literary “文学的”；liberal “自由的”；linear “直线的”。句意：一些人认为直译或者逐字的翻译要比意译简单。选项A符合题意。11. 单选题Many tourist were （ ） by the citys complicated traffic system.问题1选项A.degradedB.bewilderedC.evokedD.diverted【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。degrade “贬低”；bewilder “使迷惑”；evoke “引起，唤起”；divert “转移”。句意：许多游客被这复杂的交通难住了。选项B符合题意。12. 单选题Many of the inventions that made people （ ）and have determined the inventions of American industry were related to agriculture and food production.问题1选项A.abundantB.affluentC.sufficientD.pleasant【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Abundant “丰富的，充裕的”；affluent “富裕的，丰富的”；sufficient “足够的，充分的”；pleasant “令人愉快的，舒适的”。句意：那些使人们富裕并且决定了美国工业创新的大多数发明都与农业和食物生产相关。空格处所填的单词是作people的补足语，所以选项B符合题意。13. 单选题A window in the kitchen was（ ） ; there was rubbish everywhere and the curtains andcarpets had been stolen.问题1选项A.scrapedB.smashedC.scratchedD.scattered【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Scrape “刮，擦”；smash “猛击”；scratch “抓”；scatter “散落”。句意：厨房的一扇窗户被砸碎了，垃圾散落一地，窗帘和地毯被偷走了。选项B符合题意。14. 单选题It is bad manners to （ ） people where they are speaking.问题1选项A.interviewB.intimateC.interfereD.interrupt【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Interview “采访；面试”；intimate “暗示，通知”；interfere “干涉，打扰”；interrupt “打断，中断，打扰”。句意：打断他人说话是不礼貌的。选项D符合题意。15. 单选题By（ ） computation, he estimated that the repairs on the house would cost him a thousand dollars.问题1选项A.coarseB.rudeC.averageD.general【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。coarse “粗糙的”；rude “粗鲁的”；average “平均的，普通的”；general “一般的，普通的”。句意：通过粗略计算，他估计修理好这个房子需要花费一千美元。选项A符合题意。16. 单选题A terrible traffic accident happened; people were saddened when they watched the（ ）sight on TV.问题1选项A.panicB.patrioticC.patheticD.periodic【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。panic “恐慌的”；patriotic “爱国的”；pathetic “可怜的”；periodic “周期的”。句意：发生了一场严重的交通事故；当人们从电视上看到这个可怜的场面的时候都非常伤心。选项C符合题意。17. 单选题Andrew Carnegie, American industrialist and philanthropist, made a fortune by manufacturing iron and steel protected by custom tariff. In 1873, on one of his frequent trips to England, he met Henry Bessemer and became convinced that the industrial future lay in steel. He built the J. Edgar Thomson steel Mills pear Pittsburgh, and from that moment on, the Carnegie Empire was one of constant expansion. Later on, the Carnegie Steel Co. became an immense organization. It included all the process of steel production from the great furnaces and finishing mills of Pittsburgh to the inroads and lake steamers that move the ores and the finish products.Like his grandfather, Andrew Carnegie did not abandon the radical idealism of his forebears for the benefit of the working class. In spite of his espousal of Herbert Spencer philosophy and the social Darwinism of the period, Carnegie remained deeply committed to many of the Chartists ideals of his boyhood. He believed in the social responsibility of the man of wealth to society. He must save as a steward for the fortune; he has earned and used that fortune to provide great opportunity for all and to increase mans knowledge of himself and of his universe. Furthermore, Carnegie be in the form of free charity but rather must be as a buttress to the communitys responsibility for its own people. When Carnegie died in Lenox, Mass, on August 11, 1919, most of his fortune was already gone. People wonder that if Carnegie had known this when he was alive, he would have spread most of his wealth to the poor people.1.Carnegie was able to develop his vast industrial fortunes（ ） .2.Carnegie following his ancestors footsteps （ ）.3.The industry Carnegie was not concerned with was（ ） .4.Carnegies trips to England（ ） .5.Which happened first?6.Andrew Carnegies Philanthropic ideals （ ）.问题1选项A.with the act of five enterprise systemB.through large loans from the American governmentC.because the American government had special tariffs to protect the American steel and iron industryD.because he had relatives in the English and industry问题2选项A.by developing a large industrial companyB.in caring for and improving benefits for the worker and the poorC.by furthering Spencers philosophyD.by being a follower of social Darwinism问题3选项A.the manufacturing of steelB.the transporting of the finished productC.the movement of raw materialsD.the lumber business问题4选项A.were purely for pleasure and visiting relativesB.introduced him to the Charitist ideals which would influence his lifeC.helped him gain steel contracts with British industrialistsD.led him to believe that the industrial future would be with steel问题5选项A.The foundation of the Carnegie Steel Co.B.The introduction of Chartist idealsC.The foundation of the J. Edgar Thomson Steel millsD.Andrew Carnegies trips to Great Britain问题6选项A.developed from his introduction to social DarwinismB.developed through his education under SpencerC.developed form the Charitist ideals of his boyhoodD.resulted from union strikes and unrest at the Carnegie Steel Company【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B第6题:B【解析】1.文章第一段第一句Andrew Carnegie, American industrialist and philanthropist, made a fortune by manufacturing iron and steel protected by custom tariff.提到安德鲁的第一桶金是因为钢铁产业受到政府的关税保护，所以选项C符合题意。2.文章第二段第一句Like his grandfather, Andrew Carnegie did not abandon the radical idealism of his forebears for the benefit of the working class提到安德鲁没有摈弃祖先留下激进的理想主义信念，梦想让工人阶级能从中获利。因此选项B符合题意。3.第一段最后一句It included all the process of steel production from the great furnaces and finishing mills of Pittsburgh to the inroads and lake steamers that move the ores and the finish products 提到了卡内基帝国所涉及的一些业务，可知并没有涉及木材生意。所以选项D符合题意。4.文章第一段on one of his frequent trips to England, he met Henry Bessemer and became convinced that the industrial future lay in steel 提到这次旅行让他相信未来的工业重心是钢铁业，因此选项D符合题意。5.文章第二段Carnegie remained deeply committed to many of the Chartists ideals of his boyhood 提到致力于成为慈善家的想法是卡内基从小男孩时代就有的，所以这个是发生地最早的事，选项B符合题意。6.文章第二段in spite of his espousal of Herbert Spencer philosophy and the social Darwinism of the period, Carnegie remained deeply committed to many of the Chartists ideals of his boyhood提到由于从小受斯宾塞哲学和达尔文主义的影响，卡内基从小就有着仁慈的心肠。选项B符合题意。18. 单选题The political future of the president is now hanging by a （ ）.问题1选项A.threadB.cordC.stringD.rope【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。hang by a thread “千钧一发”。句意：总统的政治未来现在正处在千钧一发的时刻。选项A符合题意。19. 单选题Many novels that attempt to mirror the world are really（ ） of the reality that theyrepresent.问题1选项A.reflectionsB.demonstrationsC.illuminationsD.reproductions【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。reflection “反映”；demonstration “示范”；illumination “照明”；reproduction “繁殖”。句意：许多试图向世界反映现实的小说，都反映了他们所代表的现实。选项A符合题意。20. 单选题The construction of a 5-million-ton iron and steel works is now under（ ） .问题1选项A.conclusionB.contributionC.continuationD.consideration【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。conclusion “结论”；contribution “贡献”；continuation “继续”；consideration “考虑”。句意：目前（相关人员）正在考虑建设一个五万吨级的钢铁厂。选项D符合题意。