2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考试题库及模拟押密卷67（含答案解析）

2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Many important mistakes have been escaping （ ）, and a lot of money has been lost as a result.问题1选项A.detectionB.commissionC.compensationD.precaution【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。detection察觉，发觉；commission委任，佣金；compensation补偿，报酬；precaution预防，警惕。错误应该是被发现，选项A符合句意。句意：许多重要的错误都没有被发觉，因此损失了很多钱。2. 单选题The kitchen was small and（ ）so that the disabled woman could reach everything without difficulty.问题1选项A.complexB.completeC.compactD.composite【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。complex复合的, 复杂的; complete 完整的, 彻底的; compact 紧凑的, 简洁的; composite 混合的, 综合的。句意：厨房小而紧凑，残疾妇女可以毫不费力地够到任何东西。选项C符合句意。3. 单选题Away from their profession, scientists are inherently no more honest or ethical than other people. But in their profession they work in an arena that puts a high （ ） on honesty.问题1选项A.convictionB.inferenceC.cautionD.premium【答案】D【解析】固定搭配题。put a high premium on髙度重视。句意：离开他们的职业，科学家本质上并不比其他人更诚实或更有道德。但在他们的职业生涯中，他们是在一个髙度重视诚信的领域里工作的。4. 单选题Californians and New Englanders speak the same language and （ ） by the same federal laws.问题1选项A.conformB.abideC.sustainD.comply【答案】B【解析】固定搭配题。abide by指遵守.; conform遵守,符合, 一般与to和with搭配; sustain承受;维持; comply遵从，服从，一般与with搭配。句意：加利福尼亚人和新英格兰人说同一种语言, 并且遵守同样的联邦法律。选项B正确。5. 单选题If full credits were given to this part it could （ ） a high grade for the student in his physical course.问题1选项A.belong toB.be due toC.be subject toD.contribute to【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析题。belong to属于;be due to由于;be subject to受支配, 从属于;contribute to有助于;贡献。根据句意：如果学生在这部分得到满分的话，这将有助于学生在物理课上取得高分。选项D符合句意。6. 单选题In protest, blacks and （ ） whites sat at the counters of these restaurants and refused to move until they were served.问题1选项A.sensibleB.indifferentC.influentialD.sympathetic【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。sensible明智的, 合情理的;indifferent不关心的, 冷淡的, 中立的; influential有影响的, 有权势的;sympathetic同情的，赞同的。句意：在抗议活动中, 黑人和那些支持抗议行为的白人坐在餐馆的柜台上, 拒绝离开，直到他们得到服务。选项D符合句意。7. 单选题In minutes he has taken over the whole （ ） , lying under the sink and squinting （眯眼看）up into the machinery.问题1选项A.conscienceB.restraintC.trialD.enterprise【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。conscience道德, 良心;restraint抑制, 约束;trial试验, 努力;enterprise企业, 进取心。句意：几分钟后, 他就接管了整个企业, 躺在水池下面, 眯着眼睛看着机器。选项D符合句意。8. 单选题The doctor informed his patient that the drug was very （ ） and can have unpleasant side-effects.问题1选项A.potentB.efficientC.intricateD.fragile【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。potent（药等）有效力的,有说服力的;efficient 有能力的,效率高的, 一般指办事效率; intricate 错综复杂的;fragile 易碎的,脆弱的。句意：医生告诉他的病人这种药的药效很强，而且可能有副作用。选项A符合句意。9. 单选题Like most other American companies with a rigid （ ） , workers and managers have strictly defined duties.问题1选项A.vitalityB.jurisdictionC.hierarchyD.bureaucracy【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。vitality生机，活力；jurisdiction司法权，管辖权；hierarchy层次，层级，等级制度；bureaucracy官僚主义。句意：和大多数等级森严的美国公司一样，工人和经理们也有严格定义的职责。选项C符合句意。10. 单选题On （ ） feature of supermarket is that it hires fewer clerks, which cut down on the cost of sale.问题1选项A.extinctB.instinctC.distinctiveD.instinctive【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。 extinct灭绝的,绝种的; instinct本能,直觉,天性; distinctive有特色的,与众不同的; instinctive本能的,直觉的,天生的。句意：超市最大的特点是雇佣的店员少, 这就降低了销售成本。选项C符合句意。11. 单选题How many things can you see in the night sky? A lot! On a clear night you might see the Moon, some planets, and thousands of sparkling stars,You can see even more with a telescope. You might see stars where before you only saw dark space. You might see that many stars look larger than others. You might see that some stars that look white are really red or blue. With bigger and bigger telescopes you can see more and more objects in the sky. And you can see those objects in more and more details.But scientists believe there are some things in the sky that we will never see. We wont see them with the biggest telescope in the world, on the clearest night of the year. Thats because theyre invisible. Theyre the mysterious dead stars called black holes.You might find it hard to imagine that stars die. After all, our Sun is a star. Year after year we see it up in the sky burning brightly, giving us heat and light. The Sun certainly doesnt seem to be getting old or weak. But stars do burn out and die after billions of years.As a stars gases burn, they give off light and heat. But when the gas runs out, the star stops burning and begins to die.As the star cools, the outer layers of the star pull in toward the center. The star squashes into a smaller and smaller ball. If the star was very small, the star ends up as a cold, dark ball called a black dwarf. If the star was very big, it keeps squashing inward until its packed together tighter than anything in the universe.Imagine if the Earth were crushed until it was the size of a tiny marble. Thats how tightly this dead star, a black hole is packeD.What pulls the star in toward its center with such power? Its the same force that pulls you down when you jumpthe force called gravity. A black hole is so tightly packed that its gravity sucks in everythingeven light. The light from black hole can never come back to your eyes. Thats why you see nothing but blackness.So the next time you stare up at the night sky, remember： theres more in the sky than meets the eyes! Scattered in the silent darkness are black holesthe great mystery of space.1.According to the article, what causes a star to die?2.Which of the following statements is NOT a fact?3.What happens AFTER a star dies?4.Why cant you see light when you look at a black hole?5.What is the main idea of the article?问题1选项A.As its gases run out, it cools down.B.It collides with other stars.C.It can only live for about a million years.D.As it gets hotter and hotter, it explodes.问题2选项A.Black holes are dead stars.B.Black holes have gravity.C.Black holes are invisible.D.There is nothing as mysterious as a black hole.问题3选项A.It becomes invisible.B.It falls to Earth.C.It burns up all of its gases.D.It becomes brighter and easier to see.问题4选项A.Because most black holes are so far away.B.Because the gravity of a black hole is so strong that it sucks the light inward.C.Because as the stars gases burn, it stops giving off heat and light.D.Because as a star cools, its outer layers pull in toward its center.问题5选项A.The future of our Sun billions of years from now.B.The difference between our Sun and a dead star.C.The mystery of black holes in the universe.D.The sparkling and dying stars in the sky.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据笫五段的第二句when the gas runs out, the star stops burning and begins to die.当气体耗尽时, 恒星停止燃烧并开始死亡。选项A符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知, 选项A, B, C均是对黑洞正确的描述;选项D描述太绝对, 所以不正确。3.判断推理题。根据六七段的内容可知, 当恒星死亡后, 重力使其向内挤压, 最后可能形成黑洞。而黑洞是看不见的, 所以选项A正确。4.判断推理题。根据倒数策二段的倒数二三句A black hole is so tightly packed that its gravity sucks in everythingeven light. The light from black hole can never come back to your eyes.黑洞是如此的紧凑以至于它的重力吸收一切甚至光。黑洞发出的光永远不会回到你的眼睛里。选项B符合原文。5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容, 本文主要是讲黑洞的形成与影响, 所以选项C正确。12. 单选题The first few months of the year I had dreaded the ringing of the telephone, because I knew it meant another （ ） decision to be made.问题1选项A.criticalB.plentifulC.decentD.massive【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。critical决定性的, 关键性的; plentiful丰富的, 大量的;decent 得体的,令人满意的; massive可观的, 巨大的。句意：在最初的几个月里, 我害怕听到电话铃响, 因为我知道这意味着我要做出一个重要的决定。plentiful 和massive都表示数量的巨大, 而critical表示程度的重要。所以选项A正确。13. 单选题The jokes Bill told in an effort to cheer us up didnt quite （ ） .问题1选项A.come offB.take offC.go offD.get through【答案】A【解析】动词词组辨析。come off成功, 奏效;take off脱下, 离开;go off变质;get through通过。句意：比尔为了使我们高兴而讲的笑话没有完全奏效。选项A符合句意。14. 单选题The color and smell of water in these rivers（ ） itself how serious the pollution is but many people are still ignoring he fact.问题1选项A.illustratesB.demonstratesC.manifestsD.exemplifies【答案】C【解析】近义词辨析题。manifest oneself 显现, 显露;illustrate 说明, 阐明;demonstrate 举行示威游行（或集会）;说明;exemplify例示，举例证明。句意：这些河水的颜色和气味表明了污染的严重性，但是许多人仍然忽视了这个事实。选项C更恰当。15. 单选题Peoples view on quality education（ ） from individual to individual.问题1选项A.changesB.variesC.altersD.transforms【答案】B【解析】change from.to.由改变为; vary from.to.从到不同; alter from.to.由转变为; transform from.to由转变为。句意：人们对素质教育的看法因人而异。选项B符合句意。16. 单选题For years the girl had harbored her （ ） against her stepmother. Today, she finally got the courage to speak it out.问题1选项A.resentmentB.rivalryC.compulsionD.concession【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。resentment怨恨，愤恨；rivalry竞争，对抗；compulsion强制，强迫；concession让步。句意：多年来，这个女孩一直对她的继母心怀怨恨。今天，她终于鼓起勇气说了出来。选项A符合句意。17. 单选题I （ ） the justice and fought against corruption at my best.问题1选项A.confirmedB.upheldC.overwhelmedD.established【答案】B【解析】confirmed确认, 坚定; uphold支持, 维护; overwhelmed压倒, 淹没; established制定, 建立。句意：我维护正义, 尽我最大的努力与腐败作斗争。选项B符合句意。18. 单选题The troops were in a （ ） position, completely exposed to attack from the air.问题1选项A.eminentB.brutalC.vulnerableD.adequate【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。eminent杰出的;brutal残忍的;vulnerable易受攻击的;adequate充足的。句意：部队处于易受攻击的位置, 完全暴露了。选项C符合句意。19. 单选题Novels and short stories from a librarys fiction collection are a good （ ） of enjoyable reading practice.问题1选项A.exitB.resourceC.entryD.source【答案】D【解析】句意：图书馆的小说和短篇小说是令人愉快的阅读练习的好来源。选项中只有source有来源的意思。所以选项D正确。20. 写作题Directions: Some people say that the best preparation for life is learning to be cooperative. Others take the opposite view and say that learning to be competitive is the best preparation, Tell which one you agree with and explain why, Please write an essay of about 300 words on this issue. You should give specific reasons and details to support your position. Write the essay on the Answer Sheet only.【答案】Which is more important to ones success cooperative or competitive? For such questions, different people have different views. But in my conception, I guess cooperation is more vital than competitive.Firstly, cooperation is our human beings intrinsic motive. When human beings could be called human beings who are different with animals, cooperation is one of the most important factors for our evolution. We have wiser brain than any other creatures on this planet because we know how to achieve our goal through team work. We could say that without cooperation, maybe we are still live in Stone-era.Secondly, in modern society, we are facing more and more sophistication in social division of labor. The TV set which is very common to everybody of us is made up of thousands of spare parts which maybe made in hundreds of factory. The car, the computer, even the sewing machine and fruit knife is very complicated during the manufacture procedure. Similarly at one workshop, a small member team, even wife and husband, we need to be cooperative with each other.Thirdly, we make preparation for success, we have to be cooperative. In modern management points of view, cooperation and inter-dependence are elites. We are always emphasizing synergy which means 1+1 more than 2. Cooperation is the match which could lighten fire. Cooperation is the key which could open the door of success.However, like a coin has two sides, we cannot overlook the effective and positive influence of competition. Cooperation, then competition, I think, is the right way.