2022年考博英语-东北财经大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第18期

2022年考博英语-东北财经大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Many leaders of the churches are now saying that preparation for demolishing an entire human city is inherently immoral.问题1选项A.developingB.desertingC.designingD.destroying【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. developing 发展 B. deserting 抛弃C. designing 设计 D. destroying 破坏【答案】D【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】划线部分语义为“准备_整个人类城市”，后文提到“（这）本来就是不道德的”，原词demolish“破坏；摧毁”。因此，D选项destroying“破坏”最符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项developing“发展”，不符合语义衔接；B选项deserting“抛弃”，不符合原文语义；C选项designing“设计”，不符合语义衔接。【句意】现在许多教会领袖说，准备摧毁整个人类城市本来就是不道德的。2. 单选题There is no question but that Newton was a highly competent Minister of the Mint. It was mainly through his efforts（1）the English currency was put on（2）satisfactory basis at a difficult time.（3）discovered a relationship between prices and（4）amount of money in circulation, which（5）later formalized in the so-called “quality（6）” of money: if the amount of（7）in circulation is doubledother things（8）the samethen prices also will（9）double. This is a simple application（10）the principle that it is impossible（11）get something for nothing, but apparently（12）took someone like Newton to discover it. There （13）an obvious comparison with Copernicus, who（14）the Polish government on currency questions（15）in doing so discovered another important（16）(usually known as Greshams Law): when（17） money is accepted as legal tender,（18）money will be driven out of（19）. Copernicus anticipated Gresham in the formulation（20）this law.问题1选项A.whichB.whyC.thatD.for问题2选项A.aB.veryC.theD.most问题3选项A.ItB.HeC.WasD.We问题4选项A.anB.theirC.theD.big问题5选项A.tooB.wasC.theyD.has问题6选项A.theoryB.themC.thesisD.proposal问题7选项A.coinsB.currencyC.billsD.gold问题8选项A.stayB.muchC.remainingD.be问题9选项A.comeB.seemC.multiplyD.approximately问题10选项A.forB.ofC.callingD.by问题11选项A.ourB.toC.forD.we问题12选项A.theyB.hadC.itD.he问题13选项A.isB.comesC.beD.with问题14选项A.talkedB.advisedC.formedD.created问题15选项A.fromB.butC.andD.by问题16选项A.trueB.legendC.themeD.law问题17选项A.muchB.foreignC.badD.lawful问题18选项A.goodB.muchC.badD.some问题19选项A.workB.functionC.marketingD.circulation问题20选项A.forB.byC.ofD.to【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B第6题:A第7题:B第8题:C第9题:D第10题:B第11题:B第12题:C第13题:A第14题:B第15题:C第16题:D第17题:C第18题:A第19题:D第20题:C【解析】第1题:【选项释义】A. which 哪一个 B. why 为什么C. that 引出从句（无实义） D. for 为了【答案】C【考查点】强调句【解题思路】本题考查的是it isthat的强调句型。原文中强调的是mainly through his efforts“主要是通过他的努力”，因此，C选项that符合要求。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合强调句句型要求。【句意】正是通过他的努力，英国货币才能在困难时期建立在（2）令人满意的基础上。第2题:【选项释义】A. a 一个（表示泛指） B. very 非常C. the 这个（表示特指） D. most 最；大多数【答案】C【考查点】固定搭配【解题思路】“基于；在的基础上”的固定表达为on the basis of，原文使用的是该固定搭配的变化形式on the satisfactory basis，因此，C选项the符合搭配要求。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合搭配要求。【句意】正是通过他的努力，英国货币才能在困难时期建立在令人满意的基础上。第3题:【选项释义】A. It 它 B. He 他C. Was 是 D. We 我们【答案】B【考查点】语义衔接与代词指代【解题思路】本题所在句句意为“（3）发现了价格和（4）流通中的货币数量之间的关系”，前文提到“毫无疑问，牛顿是造币厂一位非常称职的部长”，由此可知，本文叙述的对象是牛顿，本句的内容为牛顿的发现。牛顿应该用代词he指代，因此B选项He“他”符合要求。【干扰项排除】A选项It“它”，代词错误；C选项Was“是”，不符合语义衔接；D选项We“我们”，代词错误。【句意】他发现了价格和（4）流通中的货币数量之间的关系。第4题:【选项释义】A. an 一个（表示泛指） B. their 他们的C. the 这个（表示特指） D. big 大的【答案】C【考查点】语义衔接与冠词的使用【解题思路】空格处所在部分的语义为“价格与流通中的货币数量之间的关系”，空格处所填词修饰的是“流通中的货币数量”，该部分语义已经相对完整，空格处缺少一个冠词，此处特指的是流通中的货币数量，因此应该使用C选项the“这个（表示特指）”。【干扰项排除】A选项an“一个”，表示泛指；B选项their“他们的”是代词，不符合语义衔接；D选项big“大的”是形容词，不符合语义衔接。【句意】他发现了价格和流通中的货币数量之间的关系。第5题:【选项释义】A. too 太 B. was 是C. they 他们 D. has 助动词，帮助构成现在完成时态【答案】B【考查点】语态与时态【解题思路】根据原文可知，本题所在句为which引导的非限制性定语从句，从句主语为which，指代的是前文中出现的“价格和流通中的货币数量之间的关系（a relationship）”，从句语义为“这种关系后来在所谓货币的质量（6）中正式确立”。“关系”与“正式确立”之间应该是被动关系，应该使用被动语态，其形式为be动词+动词的过去分词，原文中已经有了动词的过去分词形式formalized，因此，空格处应填入B选项was。【干扰项排除】A选项too“太”，用于修饰形容词或副词，不符合原句内容；C选项they“他们”，原句并不缺主语；D选项has与动词的过去分词形式formalized构成现在完成时态，但表示的是主动关系，不符合原文。【句意】这种关系后来在所谓货币的“质量（6）”中正式确立。第6题:【选项释义】A. theory 理论 B. them 他们C. thesis 论文；论点 D. proposal 提议【答案】A【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】空格处所在部分语义为“所谓货币的质量（6）”，在这之后用冒号引出关于这一点的具体论述，介绍的是价格和流通中的货币数量之间具体是个什么关系。A选项theory“理论”最符合原文语义衔接。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合原文语义衔接。【句意】这种关系后来在所谓货币的“质量理论”中正式确立。第7题:【选项释义】A. coins 硬币 B. currency 货币C. bills 账单 D. gold 金币【答案】B【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】空格处所在部分语义为“如果流通中_的数量翻倍了”，根据前文“牛顿发现了价格和流通中的货币数量之间的关系”推断，此处讲的应该是“货币的数量”，B选项currency“货币”语义最贴切。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合原文语义衔接。【句意】如果流通中货币的数量翻倍了，那么第8题:【选项释义】A. stay 保持 B. much 非常C. remaining 保持不变（现在分词形式） D. be 是【答案】C【考查点】语义衔接与动词辨析【解题思路】空格处所在部分的语义为“其他东西_一样”，前文提到“流通中货币的数量翻倍了”，根据常理推测，研究两个对象之间的关系，应该控制变量，其他东西应该是维持不变的。另外，该部分在原句中做状语，应该选择动词的非谓语形式，C选项remaining“保持不变”符合语义要求。【干扰项排除】A选项stay“保持”，动词原形，谓语形式；B选项much“非常”，不符合原句语义衔接；D选项be“是”，原文讲的是一种变化，“保持”比“是”语义更贴切。【句意】其他东西保持不变。第9题:【选项释义】A. come 来 B. seem 似乎C. multiply 大幅增加 D. approximately 大约【答案】D【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】空格处所在部分语义为“那么价格也（also）会_翻倍”，前文提到“如果流通中货币的数量翻倍了其他东西保持不变的情况下”，根据前后语义推断，此处是指按照理论推测，价格也将翻倍，D选项approximately“大约”符合前后语义衔接。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合前后语义衔接。【句意】如果流通中的货币数量翻倍其他东西保持不变那么价格也将大约翻倍。第10题:【选项释义】A. for 为了 B. of 的C. calling 叫作 D. by 被；通过【答案】B【考查点】介词搭配【解题思路】空格前的词语为application“应用”，“对于的应用”搭配的介词是of，a simple application of the principle指这个原理的简单应用。因此，B选项of“的”符合搭配要求。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合搭配要求。【句意】这是这个原理的简单应用。第11题:【选项释义】A. our 我们的 B. to 无实义，帮助构成动词的不定式C. for 为了 D. we 我们【答案】B【考查点】固定搭配【解题思路】本题考查的是固定句型it is impossible to do sth“做某事是不可能的”，在该结构中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。因此，B选项to符合搭配要求。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合句型搭配要求。【句意】不劳而获是不可能的。第12题:【选项释义】A. they 他们 B. had 有；无实义，帮助构成过去完成时C. it 它 D. he 他【答案】C【考查点】代词指代【解题思路】首先，空格处缺少一个主语；其次，前文主语用的是this，是单数，并且，后文提到了to discover it，由此推断，空格处缺少的主语为it，实际上，it在这里指代的是“这是原理的一个简单应用”这件事。因此，C选项it“它”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项they“他们”，复数，不符合要求；B选项had“有；无实义，帮助构成过去完成时”，动词，不符合要求；D选项he“他”指代人。【句意】但显然这需要牛顿这样的人去发现它。第13题:【选项释义】A. is 是 B. comes 来C. be 是 D. with 带有【答案】A【考查点】固定搭配与时态【解题思路】本题考查的是there be“有”句型。另外，通篇使用的时态为一般现在时，因此，A选项is“是”符合要求。【干扰项排除】B选项comes“来”，不符合句型搭配；C选项be“是”，时态不对；D选项with“带有”，不符合句型搭配。【句意】（牛顿的观点）与哥白尼有明显的对比。第14题:【选项释义】A. talked 谈论 B. advised 建议C. formed 形成 D. created 创造【答案】B【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】空格处所填动词搭配的宾语为“波兰政府”，根据后文“在货币问题上”根据前后语义，哥白尼在货币问题上向波兰政府提建议更符合语义衔接。B选项advised“建议”符合要求。【干扰项排除】A选项talked“谈论”，不符合语义衔接，并且talk后面接人时，应使用介词with/to；C选项formed“形成”，不符合原文语义衔接；D选项created“创造”，不符合原文语义衔接。【句意】他在货币问题上为波兰政府提供建议。第15题:【选项释义】A. from 从 B. but 但是C. and 并且 D. by 通过【答案】C【考查点】句间逻辑【解题思路】空格前为“在货币问题上为波兰政府提供建议（advised）”，空格后为“在此过程中发现（discovered）了另一个重要的（16）（通常被称为格雷欣（Gresham）定律）”，前后有两个谓语动词，此处缺少一个连词，根据前后语义之间存在顺承关系推断，空格处为表示顺承关系的连词，C选项and“并且”符合要求。【干扰项排除】A选项from“从”，介词，不符合要求；B选项but“但是”，表示转折关系；D选项by“通过”，介词，不符合要求。【句意】他在货币问题上为波兰政府提供建议，并且在这个过程中发现了另一个重要的（16）。第16题:【选项释义】A. true 真的 B. legend 传说C. theme 主题 D. law 规律【答案】D【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】空格后有括号对该词进行补充解释，其中提到usually known as Greshams Law，此处使用的就是law；另外，这里指的是另一个（another）重要的_，前文提到的是牛顿发现了价格与流通中的货币之间的关系，这是他发现的一个规律，那么另一个应该也是规律或定理。因此，D选项law“规律”符合原文语义衔接。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合原文语义衔接。【句意】他在货币问题上为波兰政府提供建议，并且在这个过程中发现了另一个重要的规律。第17题:【选项释义】A. much 大量 B. foreign 外国的C. bad 坏的 D. lawful 合法的【答案】C【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】本题可结合第38题一起做。本题所在句语义为“当（17）钱被接受为法定货币时，（18）钱将被逐出（19）。”原句提到“（17）钱被接受为法定货币”，根据后文“被逐出”推测，本句的情感基调应该是消极的，即描述的是不太好的状况，因此，C选项bad“坏的”符合语义衔接。另外，根据语义也可推测，本句讲的是“劣币驱逐良币”的规律。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原文语义衔接。【句意】当劣币被接受为法定货币时，（18）钱将被逐出（19）。第18题:【选项释义】A. good 好的 B. much 大量C. bad 坏的 D. some 一些【答案】A【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】本题所在句语义为“当劣币被接受为法定货币时，_钱将被逐出（19）。”本题所填词应与前文bad money相对，因此，A选项good“好的”符合要求。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合原文语义衔接。【句意】当劣币被接受为法定货币时，良币将被逐出（19）。第19题:【选项释义】A. work 工作 B. function 功能C. marketing 市场 D. circulation 流通【答案】D【考查点】主题词复现【解题思路】本文提到的是流通中的货币，前文也多次提到“流通中的货币的数量”，因此D选项circulation“流通”符合语境。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合原文。【句意】当劣币被接受为法定货币时，良币将被逐出货币流通。第20题:【选项释义】A. for 为了 B. by 通过C. of 的 D. to 朝；对【答案】C【考查点】介词搭配【解题思路】空格前的词为formulation“构想；表述”，与之搭配的介词为of，因此，C选项of“的”符合搭配要求。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原文介词搭配。【句意】Copernicus比Gresham早一步提出这条规律。3. 单选题A full grown oak tree provides ample shade for a summer picnic.问题1选项A.slothfulB.inertC.spaciousD.late【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. slothful 懒惰的 B. inert 没有行动力的C. spacious 宽敞的 D. late 晚的【答案】C【考查点】修饰语与被修饰语的搭配【解题思路】划线词修饰的是shade“阴影；阴凉处”，四个选项中只有C选项spacious“宽敞的”可以与之搭配。原词ample“充足的”，足够的阴凉处，即阴凉的地方非常宽敞。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原文搭配与句意。【句意】一棵成熟的橡树为夏季野餐提供了充足宽敞的阴凉地。4. 写作题Directions: In the following is an English Proverb “Only the wearer knows where the shoe pinches”. Present your opinions on the proverb, using reasons and/or examples to support your views. Write a composition of about 350 words, providing a title for your composition.【答案】【略】5. 单选题The fine furniture early Shaker communities produced _ as collectors items.问题1选项A.are now prizedB.is being prizes todayC.are been prizes todayD.is now prized【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. are now prized 现在被誉为 B. is being prizes today现在正被誉为C. are been prizes today 现在被誉为 D. is now prized 现在被誉为【答案】D【考查点】主谓一致、时态与语态【解题思路】空格处所填的内容为该句的谓语，本句主语为The fine furniture，其中furniture为不可数名词，做主语时，谓语动词应使用单数形式；并且主语是赞誉的对象，应该使用被动语态（其基本形式为be + done）；另外，本句是一种事实性的陈述，使用一般现在时就可以，D选项is now prized符合要求。【干扰项排除】A选项are now prized，主谓不一致；B选项is being prizes today，时态不对，现在进行时表示正在发生的动作或存在的状态，而原句并不强调这种“正在进行”的特征，并且被动语态的形式不对，prizes为动词的第三人称单数形式，而非过去分词形式；C选项are been prizes today，主谓不一致，并且被动语态的形式不对，prizes为动词的第三人称单数形式，而非过去分词形式。【句意】早期的震教徒社区生产的精美家具现在被誉为收藏家的藏品。6. 写作题Directions: Present your perspective on the issue below, using relevant reasons and/or examples to support your views.Some educational systems emphasize the development of students capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions. Write a composition of about 400 words entitled Students Would Benefits More from an Education of Emotions.【答案】【略】7. 单选题He writes in a very _ way; there are many mistakes on every page.问题1选项A.illegibleB.illogicalC.illiterateD.indignant【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. illegible 难辨认的 B. illogical 不合逻辑的C. illiterate 行文不通顺的 D. indignant 愤慨的【答案】C【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】原句语义为“他写得非常_，每一页上都有许多错误（many mistakes）。”根据后文“有许多错误”推测，C选项illiterate“行文不通顺的”最符合原句语义衔接，in a very illiterate way指的是“像一个文盲写的一样”。【干扰项排除】A选项illegible“难辨认的”，难以辨认，不一定是错误，该选项不符合原句语义衔接；B选项illogical“不合逻辑的”，侧重于指没有道理，不合章法，不一定是错误的，而且原句中“每一页都有许多错误”不一定是没有逻辑，该选项没有C选项恰当；D选项indignant“愤慨的”，不符合原句语义衔接。【句意】他的写作就像文盲写的一样；每一页上都有许多错误。8. 单选题Although sports _ the household, Joe drew the line when they interfered with family traditions and routine.问题1选项A.overwhelmedB.affectedC.dominatedD.influenced【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. overwhelmed 压倒 B. affected 影响C. dominated 占据支配地位 D. influenced 影响【答案】C【考查点】语义衔接与动词辨析【解题思路】空格处所填词的主语为“体育运动”，宾语为“家庭；家人”根据前后语义，应该是想表达在Joe的家庭中，体育运动很重要，但是也会有个限度，不让它们干扰家庭的传统和日常的事务，因此，C选项dominated“占据支配地位”符合上下文语义衔接。【干扰项排除】A选项overwhelmed“压倒”，侧重于指完全战胜，不符合原文语义衔接；B选项affected侧重于指有形力量的影响，有时这种影响是不受欢迎的，不符合原文语义衔接；D选项influenced侧重于指无形力量的影响，不符合原文语义衔接。【句意】尽管体育运动在家庭中占统治地位，但是当它们干扰了家庭的传统和日常事务时，Joe也有个限度。9. 翻译题1. 成功的国际营销不仅仅在于好的翻译，如果销售人员想避免犯错误的话，他们就必须研究和了解文化的其他方面。2. 当国家未来的经济增长越来越依靠科学和技术的时候，教育在一个国家未来的前途中起着决定性的作用。3. 在大多数文化中，忍受痛苦和沉默寡言受到人们的珍视，而表露自己的情感被看作是一个人的缺点。4. 未来几十年，整个世界将要面临的最迫切的挑战之一，就是如何缓解人类的活动给环境造成的日益严重的压力。5. 教育软件把教育和娱乐融入到一起，这种寓教于乐的软件给学生创造了边学边玩的机会。【答案】1. Successful international marketing is not just about good translation. If sales personnel want to avoid making mistakes, they must study and learn about other aspects of culture.2. At a time when a nations future economic growth is increasingly dependent on science and technology, education plays a decisive role in its future prospects.3. In most cultures, suffering and being silence are valued, while showing ones feelings is seen as a weakness.4. One of the most pressing challenges the world will face in the coming decades is how to alleviate the increasing pressures on the environment caused by human activities.5. Educational software combines education with entertainment. This kind of edutainment software creates opportunities for students to learn while playing.10. 单选题Factory and accompanying prosperity muted memories of the Great Depression and made him a national hero.问题1选项A.transpireB.upbraidC.muffleD.twist【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. transpire 为人所知 B. upbraid 训斥C. muffle 使（声音）降低 D. twist 使弯曲【答案】C【考查点】动词辨析【解题思路】划线词的主语为“工厂和随之而来的繁荣”，宾语为“关于大萧条的记忆”，根据常理推断，繁荣冲淡了人们对大萧条的记忆；原词muted“消音；减弱”。因此，C选项muffle“使（声音）降低”最接近原句句意。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原句句意。【句意】工厂和随之而来的繁荣掩盖了人们对大萧条的记忆，并且使他成为了民族英雄。11. 单选题We all noted that only “natural born” citizens are eligible for the Presidency.问题1选项A.registeredB.qualifiedC.withheldD.special【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. registered 已登记的 B. qualified 有资格的；能胜任的C. withheld （be ）被拒绝（动词过去分词） D. special 特殊的【答案】B【考查点】形容词辨析【解题思路】原文语义为“我们都注意到，只有自然出生的公民_担任总统”，原词eligible“符合条件的；有资格的”，B选项qualified“有资格的；能胜任的”最符合原文。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合原文语义。【句意】我们都注意到，只有“自然出生的”公民才有资格担任总统。12. 单选题The wealth of a country should be measured _ the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.问题1选项A.in line withB.in terms ofC.in regard withD.by means of【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. in line with 与一致 B. in terms of 就而言C. in regard with 无此表达 D. by means of 通过方式【答案】D【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】空格前语义为“一个国家的财富应该被衡量”，空格后语义为“人民的健康和幸福，以及它所能生产的物质产品”，由此可知，后者为衡量一个国家财富的两种方式或两个标准，D选项by means of“通过方式”最符合原句语义衔接。【干扰项排除】A选项in line with“与一致”，不符合原句语义衔接；B选项in terms of“就而言”，不符合原句语义衔接；C选项in regard with，其正确表达为in/with regard to“关于；至于”。【句意】一个国家的财富应该用国民的健康和幸福以及它所能生产的物质产品来衡量。13. 单选题Are we tolerating more Dishonesty?The income-tax deadline approaches and some taxpayers thought turn to it. Test time approaches and some students thoughts turn to it. Temptation appears and spouses consider it. Nowadays, cheating is on the rise. “You want something you cant get by behaving within the rules, and you want it badly enough youll do it regardless of any guilt or deep regret and youre willing to run the risk of being caught.” Thats how Ladd Wheeler, psychology professor at the University of Rochester in New York, defines cheating.Cheating represents the triumph of the “Brazen Rule” over the “Golden Rule”, says Terry Pinkard, philosophy professor at Georgetown University. “The Golden Rule says, “Do unto others as you would like have them do onto you. The Brazen Rule says, “Do onto others as they would do onto you if they were in your place.” Many experts believe cheating is on the rise. “Were seeing more of the kind of person who regards the world as a series of things to be manipulated. Whether to cheat depends on whether its in the persons interest.” He does, however, see less cheating among the youngest students.Richard Dienstbier, psychology professor at the University of Nebraska in Lincoln, believes that societys attitudes account for much of the rise in cheating. Twenty years ago, if a person cheated in college, society said, “That is extremely serious; you will be dropped for a semester if not kicked out permanently”, he says. “Nowadays, at the University of Nebraska, for example, it is the stated policy of the College of Arts and Sciences that if a student cheats on an exam, the student must receive an F on what he cheated on. Thats nothing. If youre going to fail anyway, why not cheat?”Cheating is unethical, Pinkard says, whether its massive fraud or failure to tell a store cashier you were undercharged. “Youre treating other people merely as a means for your own ends. Youre using people in ways they would not consent to. The cheater says, “Let everybody else bear the burden, and Ill reap the benefits.”Cheaters usually try to justify their actions, says Robert Hogan, chairman of the psychology department at the University of Tulsa in Oklahoma. “They never think its their fault.” Cheaters make justifications because they want to feel good about themselves, adds Wheeler. “They dont want to label themselves as a cheater. Also, they may be anticipating the possibility of getting caught, so they work on their excuse ahead of time.” The most common justifications, psychologists say, include:“I had to do it.”“The test was unfair.”“Everybody does it, and I have to cheat to get whats rightfully mine.”“The government wastes the money anyway.”“My wife (or husband) doesnt understand me, and weve grown apart.”“Cheating is most likely in situations where the stakes are high and the chances of getting caught are low”, says social psychologist Lynn Kahle of the University of Oregon in Eugene. In his study, a group of freshmen were allowed to grade their own tests, while secret, pressure-sensitive paper indicated who changed answers. To raise the pressure, students were given an extremely high score as the “average” for the test and told that those who failed would go before an inquiring board of psychologists. About 46 percent of the male students changed answers; among the females, about 30 percent cheated.Everybody cheats a little, some psychologists say, while others insist that most people are basically honest and some wouldnt cheat under any circumstances.Despite the general rise in cheating, Pinkard sees some cause for hope, “I do find among younger students a much less tolerant attitude toward cheating.” Perhaps, he says, the upcoming generation is less spoiled than the “baby boom” students who preceded themand therefore less self-centered. “There seems to be a swing back in the culture.”1. The purpose of this passage is to _.2. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?3. According to the passage, with which of the following would the author probably NOT agree?4. When a person is caught cheating, it is most likely that he _.5. Regarding the future of cheating, the author seems to be _.问题1选项A.convince the reader that cheating is immoralB.discuss the varieties of and reasons for cheatingC.describe how cheaters cheatD.suggest how to curtail cheating问题2选项A.It is ethical to cheat unless money is involved.B.Failure to tell a store cashier you were undercharged is not considered cheating.C.There has been a general rise in cheating.D.Most cheaters are college students.问题3选项A.Cheating is often the result of intense pressure.B.Cheating is cheating, whether on a test or on income tax forms.C.Cheating is widespread and society is too tolerant.D.The Brazen Rule is a better rule than the Golden Rule.问题4选项A.pretends to apologize for what he has doneB.pretends that he has no knowledge of what is going onC.ascribes his misconduct to some external motivationD.denies the fact in fearful anticipation of escaping punishment问题5选项A.depressedB.optimisticC.amusedD.bewildered【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:【选项释义】The purpose of this passage is to _. 本文的目的是_。A. convince the reader that cheating is immoral A. 让读者相信欺骗是不道德的B. discuss the varieties of and reasons for cheating B. 讨论欺骗的种类和原因C. describe how cheaters cheat C. 描述欺骗者是怎么欺骗别人的D. suggest how to curtail cheating D. 建议如何减少欺骗【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】文章的写作目的，需要从全文内容来推断。本文前两段写的是各种欺骗的现象；后面几段都是在讨论欺骗现象出现的原因。因此，B选项“讨论欺骗的种类和原因”最符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“让读者相信欺骗是不道德的”，虽然