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Unit 10Its a nice day，isnt it?【单元目标】 掌握反意疑问句的构成及应答。反意疑问句 反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，是在陈述句后，对陈述句所叙述的事实提出的疑问。其基本结构有两种：一是“肯定陈述句简略否定问句”；二是“否定陈述句简略肯定问句”。反意疑问句的前后两部分在时态、人称和数上都要保持一致。一般来说，简短问句主语人称的数、动词时态应和陈述部分的主语人称的数、动词时态相一致。如：Mary likes reading，doesnt she？玛丽喜欢读书，是吧？(前一部分为肯定形式，后一部分用否定形式)Mary doesnt like reading，does she？玛丽不喜欢读书，是吧？(前一部分为否定形式，后一部分就用肯定形式)Youre a new student，arent you？你是新来的学生，对吧？(前一部分为肯定形式，后一部分用否定形式)You arent a new student，are you？你不是新来的，对吧？(前一部分为否定形式，后一部分就用肯定形式)1. 陈述部分的主语是this, that时，疑问部分的主语多用it; 陈述部分的主语是these, those时，疑问部分的主语多用they。如： This is a dictionary, isnt it? Those are shelves, arent they? 2. 陈述句如果是there be结构时，疑问句部分仍用there。如：There once was a man named Saint Nicholas, wasnt there? 3. 在英语口语中，“I am +表语结构”，后面的反意疑问句多用arent I 来体现。如： I am very interested in learning English, arent I? 4. 陈述句的主语是动词不定式，动词的-ing形式或从句时，疑问部分的主语多用it来体现。如： Taking care of our environment is very important, isnt it? What he said is right, isnt it? 5. 陈述句中含有not, no, hardly, neither, never, few, little, too to等否定词或具有否定意义的词时，疑问部分常用肯定形式。如： Few people knew the news, did they? Tom has never been to England, has he? 但陈述句中如果带有否定意义的前缀和后缀的单词时，整个句子仍视为肯定句，反意疑问部分多用否定形式。如： She is unhappy, isnt she? 6. 陈述句的主语是nobody, no one, everyone, somebody等不定代词时，反意疑问部分的主语多用they（当强调全体时）或he（当强调个体时）。如果陈述句的主语是something, nothing, anything, everything等不定代词时，反意疑问部分的主语多用it。如： No one knows him, do they? Someone is waiting for you, isnt he? Nobody says a word about the accident, do they? Everything seems all right, doesnt it? 7. 陈述句是主从复合句时，如果主句的谓语动词是think, believe, expect, feel, guess等词，且主语是第一人称I时，反意疑问部分的人称、时态与宾语从句保持一致，同时还要考虑到否定的转移。如： I believe that the boy can get a ticket for you, cant he? 【重点词汇】【重难点分析】1. He sure is! 他确实很好！(1)此处sure是副词，意为“的确，一定”。 It sure was a cold day. 的确是个冷天。(2)口语中可以单独使用，表示“同意”。 Are you going? 你去吗？ Sure. 当然啦。(3)sure还常用作表语。其用法如下： be sure of表示“对有把握，肯定”。 Im sure of his coming. 我确信他能来。 be sure that 表示“确定，确信”。 Im sure that he will come. 我确信他能来。3. Do you think itll stop by noon? 你认为到中午雨会停吗？(1)think后引导的是一个宾语从句，用陈述句语序。 Do you think she can carry the box? 你认为她能搬动这个箱子吗？(2)by表示时间，指“在前，不迟于，到时(为止)”，相当于before。 Can you finish your work by 6 pm? 下午6点前你们能完成工作吗？ By the time we got there，the bus had already gone. by也可以表示方法、手段，意为“同，靠，用，通过”。 by phone用电话 by bus乘公共汽车5. Thank you so much for inviting me. 非常感谢你邀请我。(1)这是对别人提出邀请的礼貌答语。thanks for后接名词或动名词形式，用for引起要表示致谢的原因，表示“因为而感谢你”。表示感谢最简单最常用的方式是说Thank you或Thanks(这是更随便的说法)。(2)invite作及物动词，后常跟“人”，也常与to连用，表示“邀请某人去”。 She invited us to her party. 她邀请我们参加她的聚会。 6. Im going to ask my cousin，Tommy，to go with me.我打算要我的表兄汤米和我一起去。(1)Tommy在本句中作my cousin的同位语，是对my cousin的补充说明。 My sister，Jane，is a student. 我妹妹，简，是一名学生。(2)to go在这里是ask的宾语补足语，即ask sb to do sth，表示“要求某人做某事。”例如： My boss asked me to finish the work before six oclock. 老板要求我在下午6点前完成这项工作。(3)本句中with是指“和某人在一起”，后常跟名词或代词作宾语，其后若跟人称代词时，要用宾格形式。 I am going to the park with my mother. = My mother and I are going to the park. I 7. He said hed help me with my math project 他说他将帮助我做数学作业。(2)help sb. with sth.是固定搭配。 May I help you with your luggage? 我帮你拿行李好吗?(3)句中project意为“作业”。 I did my physics project with my classmates in my house yesterday evening. 昨天晚上我与我班的同学在我家做家庭作业。8. Paul and I are good friends. We get along well because we both like sports. (1)both表示“(两者)都”，在句中常用在系/助/情态动词之后，行为动词之前。 We are both tall. 我们俩都很高。 They are both boys. 他们俩都是男孩。 (2)both常与and连用，意为“不但而且；既又”，用于连接两个并列成分。若连接两个主语时，谓语动词须用复数形式。 Both New York and London have traffic problems.纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。 Both teaching and research work are making great strides.教学与科研都在大踏步前进。(3)get along也可写作get on，表示“相处”。例如： Do you get along well with your parents? 你和父母相处得好吗？ Lily gets along well with Lucy.莉莉和露西相处得很好。【词语辨析】1. 时间介词in，on，at in表示在上午、下午或晚上。如：in the morningafternoonevening。(3)in the daytime(在白天) 属于固定搭配，指从日出到日落这一段时间，反义词组是in the night。(4)“in 一段时间”表示“多久以后以内”，常与将来时连用。 in half an hour；on 后面所接的时间多与日期有关。具体用法有：(1)表示在具体的某一天(如日期、生日、节日或星期几)。 on May 4th，1919；on Monday；on TeachersDay；on my birthday；on that day等。(2)表示某一天的上午、下午或晚上。on the morning of July 2；on Sunday afternoon；on a cold winter evening等。at 具体用法有： (1)表示在某一具体时刻，即几点几分。 at six oclock； at half past nine； at a quarter to six； at this time等。 2. borrow，lend这三个词在汉语中都可译为“借”，但其用法不同，不能互换。对于动词的主语是“借进”则用borrow，其句型为“borrowfrom” I borrowed a book from the school library this afternoon. 今天我从图书馆借了一本书。 对于动词的主语是“借出”则用lend，其句型为“lendto” I can lend my bike to you，but you mustnt lend it to others. 我可以把我的自行车借给你，但你一定不要把它借给别人。 5. how often，how long，how soon与how much(1)how often表示“多长时间一次”或者“每隔多久一次”，often是“常常”之意，表示“次数很多”。 How often does Mary go to visit the museum? Twice a year. How often do you see a film? Once a month. (2)long表示物体的长度或时间的长度。how long表示“多长”或“多久，多长时间”之意。 How long can you stay at home during summer holiday?More than two months. How long is this river? Its about 2658 kilometres.(3)how soon通常表示一般将来时，意为“再等多长时间？”“多长时间才？”，是对“in+时间段”(in ten minutes / two hours / a week)提问。 Can you tell me how soon you can be ready? 你能告诉我你多久能准备好吗？(4)How much is / are ? 多少钱？若询问某一商品多少钱时，一般用How much is / are ? 这一句型，商品是单数或不可数名词时用is，商品是复数时用are。 How much is that sweater? 那件毛衣多少钱？ Two hundred and ten yuan. 210元。 How much are the bananas? 这些香蕉多少钱？ They are twenty-five yuan. 25元。6. across，through与cross 都有“穿过，通过”之意。across和through是介词，cross是动词。(1)cross相当于“动词+across”，常用于指“横穿”。 Be careful when you cross the road. = Be careful when you go across the road. 当你横穿马路时一定要小心。 (2)across指从物体的一侧到另一侧或从某个范围的一边到另一边。它和on有关，表示从“面上”穿过。 Can you swim across the river? 你能游过这条河吗？(3)though指“从中通过”，着重指从空间的一头纵穿到另一头，含义与in有关。 It took him one hour to walk through the forest.他花费了一个小时的时间穿过那片森林。Integrated exercises（综合题）.Multiple choice(单项选择)1. Joan has to finish her work now, _?A. has she B. hasnt sheC. does sheD. doesnt she 答案：D反意疑问句前面是肯定形式，后面要用否定形式，本句是一般现在时。2. The train will stop here, _?A. couldnt itB. wont itC. doesnt itD. is it答案：B前面是will 的肯定形式，后面要用其否定形式。3. Ann is a new student, _?A. dont sheB. doesnt sheC. is sheD. isnt she 答案：D前面是is的肯定形式， 后面要用isnt。4. We had a hard time _the taxi.A. catchB. to catchC. catchingD. catched答案：Chave a hard time doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“做有困难”。5. The villagers are friendly _us.A. forB. toC. at D. in答案：B“对友好” 用be friendly to。. Rewrite the sentence according to the requirement.(根据要求改写句子。)1. Its very cold today.(改为反意疑问句）Its very cold today, _?2. You gave me much help. I thank you.(两句合一句）Thank you _me.3. Your apartment is quite comfortable.(改为反意疑问句）Your apartment is quite comfortable, _?4. I have taught in this school for one year.(改为同义句）I_ to teach in this school _year.5. He told me. I got to school at seven today.(两句合一句）He said _got to school at seven _day.参考答案：1.答案：isnt it2.答案：for helping3.答案：isnt it4.答案：began; last5.答案：he; this
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