2022年考博英语-四川师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第133期

2022年考博英语-四川师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题I admit I have made a mistake, _ I deny the serious consequence it may have.问题1选项A.soB.so willC.nor willD.how can【答案】C【解析】考查admit和deny互为反义词，admit=not deny，且nor；hardly；in no way；little；scarcely；seldom；never；no more；no longer；not；not only；no sooner；Not only . but also；not until.等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首，句子用部分倒装。即是把 I nor will deny 倒装为 nor will I deny。句意：我承认我犯了错误，也不否认它可能造成的严重后果。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题The wood was so rotten that, when we pulled, it _ into fragments.问题1选项A.broke offB.broke awayC.broke throughD.broke up【答案】D【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项break off“折断；突然停止，暂停”；B选项break away“脱离；放弃；逃跑”；C选项break through“突破；突围；有重要创见”；D选项break up“打碎，破碎；结束；解散；衰落；终止；分手”。句意：木头已经是如此的腐朽以至于我们一拉它就变成了碎片。因此D选项正确。3. 单选题Patients can recall what they hear while under general anesthetic even if they dont wake up, concludes a new study.Several studies over the past three decades have reported that people can retain conscious or subconscious memories of things that happened while they were being operated on. But failure by other researchers to confirm such findings has led skeptics to speculate that the patients who remembered these events might briefly have regained consciousness in the course of operations.Gitta Lubke, Peter Sebel and colleagues at Emory University in Atlanta measured the depth of anesthesia using bispectral analysis, a technique which measures changes in brainwave patterns in the frontal lobes moment by moment during surgery. Before this study, researchers only took an average measurement over the whole operation, says Lubke.Lubke studied 96 trauma patients undergoing emergency surgery, many of whom were too severely injured to tolerate full anesthesia. During surgery, each patient wore headphones through which a series of 16 words was repeated for 3 minutes each. At the same time, bispectral analysis recorded the depth of anesthesia.After the operation, Lubke tested the patients by showing them the first three letters of a word, such as “lim-”, and asking them to complete it. Patients who had had a word starting with these letters played during surgery“limit”, for examplechose that word an average of 11 percent more often than patients who had been played a different word list. None of the patients had any conscious memory of hearing the wordlists.Unconscious priming was strongest for words played when patients were most lightly anaesthetized. But it was statistically significant even when patients were fully anaesthetized when the word was played.This finding which will be published in the journal Anesthesiology could mean that operating theatre staff should be more discreet. “What they say during surgery may distress patients afterwards,” says Philip Merikle, a psychologist at the University of Waterloo, Ontario.1. Scientists have found that deep anesthesia _.2. By the new study the technique of by spectral analysis helps the scientists _.3. To test the patients the scientists _.4. The results from the new study indicate that it was possible for the patients _.5. What we can infer from the finding is _.问题1选项A.is likely to affect hearingB.cannot block surgeons wordsC.can cause serious damages to memoryD.helps to retain conscious or subconscious memories问题2选项A.acquire an average measurement of brainwave changes over the whole surgeryB.decide whether the patient would retain conscious or subconscious memoriesC.relate their measurements and recordings to the verbal sounds during surgeryD.assure the depth of anesthesia during surgery问题3选项A.prepared two lists of wordsB.used ninety-six headphones for listeningC.conducted the whole experiment for three minutesD.voiced only the first three letters of sixteen words during surgery问题4选项A.to regain consciousness under the knifeB.to tell one word from another after surgeryC.to recall what had been heard during surgeryD.to overreact to deep anesthesia in the course of operation问题5选项A.how surgeon malpractice can be preventedB.why a surgeon cannot be too carefulC.why surgeons should hold their tongues during surgeryD.how the postoperative patients can retain subconscious memories【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段“Patients can recall what they hear while under general anesthetic even if they dont wake up, concludes a new study.（一项新的研究表明，即使病人没有醒来，他们也能回忆起在全身麻醉下听到的声音。）”也就是说，全麻不会阻止病人听到医生说的话，所以B选项“不能阻挡外科医生的话”符合原文。A选项“可能影响听力”和C选项“会对记忆造成严重损害”文章没有提及；D选项“帮助保持有意识或潜意识的记忆”中的“帮助”表述不当，所以不正确。因此B选项正确。2.判断推理题。根据第二段“Several studies over the past three decades have reported that people can retain conscious or subconscious memories of things that happened while they were being operated on.（过去30年里的几项研究报告称，人们可以对手术过程中发生的事情保持有意识或潜意识的记忆。）”和第三段“.using bispectral analysis, a technique which measures changes in brainwave patterns in the frontal lobes moment by moment during surgery. （使用双谱分析技术测量了麻醉深度，这种技术可以测量手术过程中大脑额叶中脑电波模式的变化。）”可知双谱分析技术是帮助科学家们决定病人是保留有意识的记忆还是潜意识的记忆，所以B选项“判断病人是否会保留有意识的记忆或潜意识的记忆”正确。由第三段“Before this study, researchers only took an average measurement over the whole operation（在这项研究之前，研究人员只对整个手术进行了平均测量）”可知A选项“获得整个手术期间脑电波变化的平均测量值”说法错误；C选项“将他们的测量和录音与手术过程中的语音联系起来”和D选项“术中保证麻醉深度”不符合原文。因此B选项正确。3.判断推理题。根据第五段Patients who had had a word starting with these letters played during surgery“limit”, for examplechose that word an average of 11 percent more often than patients who had been played a different word list.（那些在手术中播放以这些字母开头的单词的患者例如，“limit”选择这个单词的频率比播放不同单词列表的患者平均高11%）可推断出有两个不同的单词表，所以A选项“准备了两份单词表”正确。B选项“使用了九十六个耳机听”；C选项“整个实验进行了三分钟”；D选项“在手术中只发声16个单词的前三个字母”都不符合原文，因此A选项正确。4.细节事实题。根据第一段“Patients can recall what they hear while under general anesthetic even if they dont wake up, concludes a new study.（一项新的研究表明，即使病人没有醒来，他们也能回忆起在全身麻醉下听到的声音。）”可知对病人来说。回忆起手术期间听到的东西是有可能的，所以C选项“回忆手术中听到的一切”正确。A选项“在刀下恢复意识”；B选项“手术后说出一个词和另一个词”；D选项“在手术过程中对深度麻醉反应过度”都不符合原文，因此C选项正确。5.判断推理题。根据最后一段“.operating theatre staff should be more discreet. What they say during surgery may distress patients afterwards（这可能意味着手术室的工作人员应该更加谨慎他们在手术中说的话可能会让病人在手术后感到痛苦）”可推断出工作人员在手术期间最好不要说话，所以C选项“为什么外科医生在手术时不应该说话”符合题意。A选项“如何防止外科医生渎职”；B选项“为什么外科医生越小心越好”；D选项“术后患者如何保持潜意识记忆”均不符合原文，因此C选项正确。4. 单选题Experiments in the photography of moving objects _ in both the United States and Europe well before 2000.问题1选项A.have been conductingB.was conductedC.had been conductedD.being conducted【答案】C【解析】考查语态和时态。本题主要考查过去完成时的被动语态。Experiments“实验”只能被人做，所以只能用被动语态，再根据时间线“before 2000”可知动作完成在过去的过去，故用过去完成时。句意：早在2000年之前，美国和欧洲就已经开展了运动物体摄影的实验。因此C选项正确。5. 单选题Art is considered by many people to be no more than a decorative means of giving pleasure. This is not always the case, however; at times, art may be seen to have a purely functional side as well. Such could be said of the sand paintings of the Navaho Indians of the American Southwest; these have a medicinal as well as an artistic purpose.According to Navaho traditions, one who suffers from either a mental or a physical illness has in some way disturbed or get in touch with the supernatural-perhaps a certain animal, a ghost, or the dead. To break away from this, the sick person or one of his relatives will employ a medical man called a “singer” to perform a curing ceremony which will attract a powerful supernatural being. During the ceremony, which may last from 2 to 9 days, the “singer” will produce a sand painting on the floor. On the last day of the ceremony, the patient will sit on this sand painting and the “singer” will rub the ailing parts of the patients body from a specific figure in the sand painting. In this way the patient absorbs the power of that particular supernatural being and becomes strong. After the ceremony, the sand painting is then destroyed and disposed of so its power wont harm anyone.The art of sand painting is handed down from old “singers”. The materials used are easily found where the Navaho settle: brown, red, yellow, and white sandstone, which is ground much as corn is ground into flour. The “singer” holds a small amount of this sand in his hand and lets it flow between his fingers onto a clean, flat surface on the floor, with a steady hand and great patience. He is thus able to create designs of stylized people, snakes and other creatures that have power in the Navaho belief system. The traditional Navaho doesnt allow copying sand paintings, since he believes the supernatural powers that taught him the craft have forbidden this; however, such reproductions can in fact be purchased today in tourist shops in Arizona and New Mexico. These are done by either Navaho Indians or by other people who wish to preserve this craft.1. A good title for this article might be _.2. The purpose of healing ceremony is _.3. The “singer” rub sand on the patient because _.4. What is used to produce a sand painting?5. It can be inferred that _.问题1选项A.Modern ArtB.The Navaho IndianC.Sand paintingD.Medicine问题2选项A.to pleasure supernatural powersB.to attract supernatural powersC.to frighten supernatural powersD.to create a sand painting问题3选项A.the patient receives strength from the sandB.it has medical valueC.it decorates the patientD.it is one of the special process of the ceremony问题4选项A.paintB.beach sandC.crushed sandstoneD.flour问题5选项A.in the Navahos opinion, sand painting is nothing but a kind of artB.in the Navahos opinion, sand painting is only a healing methodC.the Navaho understands sand painting as a kind of relaxationD.the Navaho takes sand painting as a pure pleasure of their life【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“Such could be said of the sand paintings of the Navaho Indians of the American Southwest; these have a medicinal as well as an artistic purpose.（美国西南部纳瓦霍印第安人的沙画就是这样。它们既有药用价值也有艺术价值。）”，并且全文都在描写沙画的药用和艺术价值，因此C选项“沙画”正确。A选项“现代艺术”；B选项“纳瓦霍印第安人”以及D选项“药物”都不符合文章大意，因此C选项正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“To break away from this, the sick person or one of his relatives will employ a medical man called a singer to perform a curing ceremony which will attract a powerful supernatural being.（为了摆脱这种情况，病人或他的亲属将雇用一个被称为“歌手”的医生来执行治愈仪式，用来吸引超自然力量生物。）”，由此可知B选项“吸引超自然力量”正确。A选项“享受超自然力量”；C选项“吓唬超自然力量”不符合文意，D选项“创建沙画”并不是举行治愈仪式的目的，而是一种手段，因此B选项正确。3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“On the last day of the ceremony, the patient will sit on this sand painting and the singer will rub the ailing parts of the patients body from a specific figure in the sand painting. In this way the patient absorbs the power of that particular supernatural being and becomes strong.（在仪式的最后一天，患者将坐在这幅沙画上，歌手将从沙画中的特定人物身上摩擦患者身体的患病部位。通过这种方式，病人吸收了那个特殊超自然存在的力量，变得强壮起来。）”，由此可知A选项“病人从沙子中获得力量”正确。B选项“它有医疗价值”；C选项“装饰病人”都不符合文意，D选项“这是仪式的一个特殊过程”并不能作为往病人身上擦沙子的原因，因此A选项正确。4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“The materials used are easily found where the Navaho settle: brown, red, yellow, and white sandstone, which is ground much as corn is ground into flour.（使用的材料很容易在纳瓦霍人定居的地方找到：棕色、红色、黄色和白色的砂岩，这些砂岩被磨碎，就像玉米被磨成面粉一样。）”，由此可知沙画是由碎沙岩的沙子组成的，因此C选项“碎沙岩”正确。A选项“油漆”；B选项“沙滩上的沙子”以及D选项“面粉”都不符合文意，因此C选项正确。5.判断推理题。结合文章第二段以及第三段中的“The traditional Navaho doesnt allow copying sand paintings, since he believes the supernatural powers that taught him the craft have forbidden this.（传统的纳瓦霍人不允许复制沙画，因为他相信教会他这一技艺的超自然力量禁止了这一行为）”可知，在纳瓦霍人看来，沙画只是一种治愈超自然力量的手段，并没有意识到它的艺术价值，从他们禁止复制沙画这一举措就可看出。因此B选项“在纳瓦霍人看来，沙画只是一种治疗方法”说法正确。A选项“在纳瓦霍人看来，沙画只不过是一种艺术”；C选项“纳瓦霍人认为沙画是一种放松”以及D选项“纳瓦霍人把沙画当作生活的纯粹乐趣”都不符合文意，因此B选项正确。6. 单选题Improved consumer confidence is _ to an economic recovery.问题1选项A.crucialB.subordinateC.cumulativeD.satisfactory【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项crucial“重要的；决定性的；定局的；决断的”；B选项subordinate“从属的，隶属的；次要的”；C选项cumulative“累积的”；D选项satisfactory“满意的；符合要求的；赎罪的”。句意：消费者信心的改善对经济复苏至关重要。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题On closer _, however, the place has subtle marks of distinction.问题1选项A.inspectionB.inspirationC.expectationD.execution【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项inspection“视察，检查”；B选项inspiration“灵感；鼓舞；吸气；妙计”；C选项expectation“期待；预期；指望”；D选项execution“执行，实行；完成；死刑”。句意：然而，仔细观察，这个地方有微妙的区别。因此A选项正确。8. 单选题Producing elastin through chemical synthesis is a tedious process consuming _ three months.问题1选项A.the better half ofB.for the better ofC.all the better forD.the better part of【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项the better half of在英语中不存在；英语中只用your (my) better half，意为“你的（我的）丈夫或妻子”；B选项for the better of“为了更好”；C选项all the better for意为“就更好了，反而更好”；D选项the better part of意为“大部分”，与一个时间名词搭配，指“那段时间中的大部分”。句意：通过化学合成来生产弹性硬蛋白差不多需要三个月的时间。因此D选项正确。9. 单选题This article deals with the natural _ which is most interesting to everyone.问题1选项A.phenomenonB.phenomenaC.phenomenonsD.phenomenas【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项phenomenon“现象；奇迹；杰出的人才”；B选项phenomena为phenomenon的复数形式，C选项phenomenons这种复数形式基本和“现象”无关，只用于特殊的人（事物）；非凡的人；特别的事情（或事实）；D选项phenomenas这种复数形式不存在。句意：这篇文章论述了大家最感兴趣的自然现象。which后面的谓语动词是单数形式“is”，所以空格处也应填单数形式，因此A选项正确。10. 单选题Customers may also be permitted to _ their current accounts for a short period in anticipation of a credit item coming in.问题1选项A.overextendB.overdrawC.overvalueD.overpay【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项overextend“过分扩展；过分延长；使承担过多的义务”；B选项overdraw“透支；拉过度；夸张”；C选项overvalue“对估价过高；过分重视”；D选项overpay“多付；多给报酬”。句意：客户也可能被允许在短期内透支他们的活期账户，以期收到信贷项目。因此B选项正确。11. 单选题If you want to get into that tunnel, you first have to _ away all the rocks.问题1选项A.haulB.transferC.repelD.dispose【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项haul“（用力）拖，拉；费力前进；强迫（某人）接受申斥；（用卡车）运；（帆船）突然改变航道”；B选项transfer“转让；转接；移交；转移（地方）；（使）换乘；转存，转录；调动（工作）；传染，传播；使（运动员）转队；把（钱）转到另一账户，机构上”；C选项repel“击退；抵制；使厌恶；使不愉快”；D选项dispose“处理；安排；决定；击败；杀死”。haul away“搬运开；拖走；驶开；拽开”句意：如果你想进入隧道，你首先得把所有的岩石都拖走。因此A选项正确。12. 单选题Governor (州长) Paterson and Mayor Bloomberg agree on at least one thingthat the top priority for rebuilding Ground Zero is the creation of a memorial, which could be built by the 10th anniversary of September 11 Attack.“I mentioned that to the mayor, and he agreed wholeheartedly,” Paterson said after a half-hour City Hall meeting with Bloomberg. “I wanted him to know that if we can agree, wed work on both ends to try to make that happen. We will be going in a direction that I think all New Yorkers would be proud of.” The governor said that while the PATH station and the commercial projects planned for the city were also important, finishing the memorial will send a powerful message to the people of New York. “I just expressed to the mayor, and he expressed the same thing to me that it has a lot to do with the morale (士气，民心) of the city,” Paterson said.Earlier, on his weekly radio show, the mayor chaired the National September 11 Memorial & Museum at the World Trade Center, which raised the $350 million necessary for building the complex and is now raising money for a museum endowment (捐赠). Fifteen relatives of 9/11 victims wrote a letter last week calling for faster progress, saying, “We hope that you ensure everything possible is done so that we can share a beautiful and inspiring memorial with the world on 9/11.”1. Paterson and Bloomberg agreed that the creation of a memorial will be built in _.2. “Wed work on both ends to try to make that happen” means _.3. The mayor chaired “the National September 11 Memorial & Museum” in this text refers to a _.4. What did the mayor do to respond Paterson?5. The title of the text would be _.问题1选项A.2011B.2008C.2010D.2009问题2选项A.both of our groups would work hard to accomplish the buildingB.you and I would work hard to promote itC.we would work continually without a stopD.both of us would work hard so that it could happen问题3选项A.meeting held at the World Trade CenterB.certain date on which a meeting will be heldC.building which would be builtD.location in the World Trade Center问题4选项A.He held a meeting for an endowment of the building.B.He held a meeting to demand money.C.He gave a radio show on weekend.D.He held a meeting at the World Trade Center.问题5选项A.a memorial of the World Trade Center is crucialB.raising money is urgent for rebuilding Ground ZeroC.a negotiation between the governor and the mayorD.an important decision by the governor and the mayor【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.事实细节题。由题干可定位到第一段，段尾补充说明时间“which could be built by the 10th anniversary of September 11 Attack”（在911恐怖袭击十周年前建成），而911事件发生在2001年，因此十周年即2011年，A选项正确。2.语义推测题。本句的“we”是指Governor和Mayor，结合上下文，此处是指Governor和Mayor达成了一致，即双方协力促成这个纪念碑的建成，因此B选项“你和我将努力推动它”正确；这两人不可能直接参与accomplish the building的工作，A选项“我们两个团队都将努力工作来完成这个建筑”可排除；C选项“我们将不停地工作”不符合此处语境，本段中并非强调一直不停工作，可排除；D选项“我们俩都要努力工作，这样它才能实现”，这个句子中出现了一个so that，说明“建成纪念碑”这件事非得双方共同努力才可以，但是原文中体现的是“if we can agree, wed work on both ends to try to make that happen”，只是强调合力促成纪念碑建成，而非指形成一个建成纪念碑的唯一条件，D选项可排除。3.事实细节题。由题干定位到文章第三段第一句，在关键词后有一个修饰从句“which raised the $350 million necessary for building the complex and is now raising money for a museum endowment”（筹集了3.5亿美元建设建筑楼的必要资金，现在又在为博物馆募捐），可知这是一个募捐活动，这个活动是为筹集资金用，句中的“at the World Trade Center”说明活动举办点正在世贸中心，A选项“在世界贸易中心举行的会议”符合题意。B选项“date”（日期）、C选项“building”（建筑）、D选项“location”（位置）均不符合题意。4.推理判断题。本题问的是市长的回应，在第三段中有具体描述。结合上题，由第一句可知，市长召开了会议来为这个建筑募集资金，因此A选项“他召开了一次会议，要求为这座建筑物捐赠资金”正确。B选项“他召开会议要钱”中的demand“要求；逼问”与文中的raise“筹集”词义不符合，可排除；C选项“他周末在电台主持节目”与D选项“他在世界贸易中心召开了一次会议”并未表现出对于Governor的提议与说法的针对性举措，因此可排除。5.主旨大意题。本文第一段说到，州长和市长两人就纪念碑一事达成一致；第二段引用了州长的一些言论，表明建成纪念碑将大大鼓舞纽约市民的士气；第三段讲述了市长筹集资金的举措，也提到遇难者家属期盼建成纪念碑。全文由州长和市长两人的洽谈展开，讲述的核心在于两人达成一致，共同促进纪念碑的建成，因此D选项“州长和市长做出的重要决定”符合题意。A选项“世贸中心的纪念碑至关重要”出现在第二段，B选项“为重建原爆点筹集资金是当务之急”出现在第三段，C选项“州长和市长之间的谈判”出现在第一段，均属于以偏概全。13. 单选题He promised me a letter; he ought to _ it days ago.问题1选项A.have writtenB.writeC.had writtenD.be writing【答案】A【解析】考查时态。ought to或should加不定式原形在时间上相当于动词的现在时；ought to或should加不定式的完成时在时间上相当于动词的过去时或现在完成时。在本句中，时间状语days ago已经决定了句中的谓语动词一定是过去时，即ought to have done something，句意：他答应给我写封信；他几天前就该写了。因此A选项正确。14. 单选题Although Jack and I had not met for over 20 years I recognized him _ I saw him.问题1选项A.just asB.even thoughC.the minuteD.as long as【答案】C【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项just as“正如；正像”；B选项even though“虽然，即使”；C选项the minute“ 一就，当（即）”；D选项as long as“只要；如果；既然；长达”。句意：虽然我和杰克已经20多年没见面了，但我一见到他就认出他来了。因此C选项正确。15. 单选题Fitness helps _ signs of depression, such as indecision and lack of zest for daily activities.问题1选项A.alleviateB.diagnoseC.assessD.manipulate【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项alleviate“减轻，缓和”；B选项diagnose“诊断；断定；判断”；C选项assess“评定；估价；对征税”；D选项manipulate“操纵；操作；巧妙地处理；篡改”。句意：健康有助于缓解抑郁迹象，如优柔寡断和对日常活动缺乏热情。因此A选项正确。16. 单选题According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.Research suggests that there are typically two different leadersh