人教版下册初一英语语法

真诚为您提供优质参考资料，若有不当之处，请指正。初一下册英语语法Unit 1 Wheres your pen pal from?Canadaknd (加拿大)Francefr:ns (法国) Japandpn (日本) AustraliastreIlj (澳大利亚)ChinataIn(中国) Singaporesig.pr (新加坡)TokyotkI(东京)ParisprIs(巴黎)SydneysIdnI(悉尼)Torontotrnt(多伦多)New Yorknju: j:k(纽约)languagelgwId (语言) palpl (伙伴、好友)fromfrm (来自)the United Statesj(:)naIt steIts (美国) 缩写USAthe United Kingdomj(:)naIt kIdm (英国)国籍形容词国人国人的复数国语ChinaChineseChineseChineseChineseJapanJapaneseJapaneseJapaneseJapaneseAmericaAmericanAmericanAmericansEnglishCanadaCanadianCanadianCanadiansEnglishAustraliaAustralianAustralianAustraliansEnglishGermanyGermanGermanGermansGermanRussiaRussianRussianRussiansRussianEnglandEnglishEnglishmanEnglishwomanEnglishmenEnglishwomenEnglishFranceFrenchFrenchmanFrenchwomanFrenchmenFrenchwomenFrenchthe United States=the USA=America（美国）the United Kingdom=the UK =England (英国) 一.听力Section A Activity 1a: Listen and repeat these countries.Canada France Japan the United States Australia Singapore the United KingdomChinaActivity 1b: Listen and circle the countries in 1a you hear. Boy1: Where is your pen pal from, Mike?Boy2: Hes from Canada. Boy1: Really? My pen pals from Australia. How about you, Lily? Wheres your pen pal from?Girl1: Shes from Japan. Where is Tonys pen pal from?(所有格)Gril2: I think shes from Singapore.Activity 2b: Listen and circle the countries in 2a you hear.Conversation1 A: Wheres your pen pal from, John?B: Hes from Japan.A: Oh, really? Where does he live?B: Tokyo. Conversation2A: Wheres your pen pal from, Jodie?B: Shes from France.A: So, where does she live?B: Oh, she lives in Paris.Conversation3 A: Andrew, wheres your pen pal from?B: Shes from Australia.A: Uh-huh. Where does she live?B: She lives in Sydney.Activity 2c: Listen again.Section B Activity 2a: Listen and number the questions you hear.Mom: Is that your new pen pal, Lucy? Lucy: Yes, it is.Mom: Oh, whats her name?Lucy: Her name is Maria.Mom: Un-huh. And where is she from?Lucy: Um, shes from Canada.Mom: Un-huh. Where does she live?Lucy: She lives in Toronto.Mom: Does she have any brothers or sisters? Lucy: Yes, she does. She has tow brothers and tow sisters.Mom: Does she speak English?Lucy: Yes. She speaks English and Spanish.Activity 2b: Listen againActivity 3a: Read this letter. Then write answers to the questions in the box.Dear Student,My name is Bob. I live in Toronto , Canada, and I want a pen pal in China. I think China is a very interesting country. Im 14 years old and my birthday is in November. I can speak English and a little French. I have a brother, Paul and sister, Sarah. They have pen pals in the United Kingdom and Australia. I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports. My favorite subject in school is P.E(体育课). Its fun. But I dont like math. Its too difficult! Can you write to me soon?Bob二.要点分析1. be from的用法。 be fromcome from “来自”，“从来”，表示某人来自某一个地方。但be是系动词，come是实意动词，两个短语的否定和疑问形式不同。介词from后接地点。 应用：a. - Wheres your pen pal from ? 你的笔友来自哪里？- Hes from Australia. 他来自澳大利亚。b. He is from China.He isnt from China. Is he from China?c. He comes from China.He doesnt come from China.Does he come from China?2. live vi. “居住”，“生活” live in+地点名词，意为“住在地方” live +地点副词(here,there,near here等) ，意为“住在地方” 当其做vt.用时，意为“过样的生活” 与stay的区别：stay表示在旅馆或朋友家暂住几天。 应用：a. He lives in Beijing. 他住在北京。b. I have lived here for ten years. 我在这儿住十年了。c. We live a happy life. 我们过着幸福的生活。d. They stay at a hotel. 他们住在旅馆。e. Live on 以为生，靠生活 问居住地：- Where does she live?- She lives in Hangzhou.3. speak vt.&vi. “讲话”，“说话”，“发言”等。 speak +语言做及物动词(vi.)时只能接语言做宾语。 speak to sb.“与某人谈话” say:说/讲着重说的内容,它的宾语只能是 “话” 不是人. tell:告诉某人某事. a. tell sb sth.b. tell sb. about sb. /sth. c. tell sb to do sth. talk: 交谈、聊天 (不及物动词：后面不能直接跟宾语)a. talk to sb. b. talk with sb.c. talk about sth. 谈论 应用：a.Can I say Hi to Jeff, too?b.I have something important to tell you . c.She can speak three languages now . d.He is talking with his pen pal now . e.I want to talk to her. 我想和她说话。 f.I can say it in English. g.Tell him to give me some chalk.h.Dont speak in class. 问会什么语言？- What language does she speak ? 她讲什么语言？- She speaks English. 她讲英语。4.how about的用法：=what about how about“你认为.怎样”，表示建议等，后接动词ing、名词或代词。但多使用How about doing sth. ?。 向对方提出询问时。Id like a cup of tea. How about you? 向对方提出建议或请求，语气很委婉。 How about going out for a walk? 出去散散步好吗？ 寒暄时用作承接上下文的转折语。Im a teacher. How about you?三.词组 be from = come from 来自 pen pal=pen friend 笔友 live in 在居住 in school在学校speak English 讲英语 play sports 做体育运动 a little French 一些法语 go to the movies 去看电影 an action movie 一部动作片 on weekends 在周末 Excuse me 对不起，打扰 write to sb. 给写信My favorite subject 我喜欢的科目四.句型 1. Where +be+主语from? (问出生地)回答：主语befrom地点. - Where is your pen pal from?- Hes from China.2. Where do/does+主语live? (问居住地)回答：主语live/lives in - Where does she live?- She lives in Tokyo3. What language do/does +主语+speak? (问会什么语言)回答：主语speak/speaks - Does she speak English? (一般疑问句)- Yes, she does/No, she doesnt.- What language does she speak?(特殊疑问句)- She speaks English.- What language does she speak，English or Chinese?(选择疑问句)- She speaks Chinese.注意：三种句型的回答方式。4. 主语like/likesdoing I like going to the movies with my friends.Unit 2 Wheres the post officepost officepst fIs(邮局) librarylaIbrrI (图书馆) restaurantrestrnt (餐馆) bankbk (银行) supermarketsju:pm:kIt(超市) marketm:kIt (市场)avenuevInju:(大街、林荫道)streetstri:t (街道) airport ep:t (飞机场) bridgebrId (桥)gardeng:dn (花园) parkp:k (公园)paypeI (付款) enjoyIndI (享受)turnt:n (转向) walkw:k (步行、散步)arriveraIv (到达) passp:s (通过)openpn (打开) visitvIzIt (参观)frontfrnt (前面) backbk (后面)leftleft (左) rightraIt (右)bottombtm (底部) toptp (顶部)centersent (中央、中心) acrosskrs (穿过、在对面)throughru: (通过)quietkwaIt (安静的) quitekwaIt (相当、十分)straightstreIt (笔直的) hungryhgrI (饥饿的)cleankli:n (干净的、清扫)dirtyd:tI (脏的)nearnI (在附近) next(其次、下次)betweenbItwi:n (在两者之间) behindbIhaInd (在后面)downdan (向下、在下面)justdst (刚好、仅仅) househas (房子) horseh:s (马)beginningbIgInI (开始、起点) tourt (旅行、旅游者) placepleIs (地方) wayweI (道路、方法) taketeIk (拿、取、乘) taxitksI (出租车) hopehp (希望) districtdIstrIkt (地区) neighborhoodneIbhd (邻居、附近) aroundrand (周围、在附近、大约)一.听力Section AActivity 1b: Listen and circle the places you hear in 1a.Coversation1A: Is there a restaurant on fifth avenue? (在第五大道)B: Yes, there is. Coversation2A: Is there a post office near here? (在这附近)B: Yes, there is. Theres one on Bridge Street. (在大桥街)Coversation3A: Is there a supermarket on Center Street? (在中央大街)B: No, there isnt.Activity 2b: Listen and fill the blanks with the words in the box.Coversation1A: Excuse me, is there a library around here? (在这附近)B: Yes, its between the restaurant and the supermarket.(两者之间)Coversation2A: Wheres the park?B: The park? Oh, its across from the bank.Coversation3A: Excuse me. Is there a supermarket around here?B: Um, Yes, its on Fifth Avenue.Coversation4 A: Where is the pay phone? (投币电话)B: Its next to the post office.Coversation5A: Excuse me. Is there a restaurant around me?B: Yes, its in front of the post office.Coversation6A: Wheres the hotel?B: The hotel? Its behind the library.Activity 3a: Read the conversation and find Paul and Nancy in the picture.A: Excuse me. Is there a hotel in the neighborhood? (在这附近)B: Yes, there is. Just go straight and turn left. Its down Bridge Streeton the right.(在大桥街尽头的右边) Its next to a supermarket.A: Thank you very much.B: Youre welcome.Section BActivity 2a: Listen and circle the places you hear in 1a.A: Hey, JohnB: Hi, Michael.A: What are you doing?B: Reading a book.A: Do you want to come over to my house? We can watch a video.B: OK. Wheres your house?A: Its on Bridge Street. Its a quiet street of Fifth Avenue.B: Oh, OK. I know where that is. Theres a new hotel on the corner.A: Yes. Theres a small supermarket on the street. Our house is across from the supermarket .B: OK, Ill see you at two thirty Activity 2b: Listen againActivity 3a: Read the tour guide and circle the description words.Welcome to the Garden District(花园小区)Turn left on First Avenue and enjoy the citys quiet streets and small parks. Take a walk through the park on Center Avenue. Across from the park is an old hotel. Next to the hotel is a small house with an interesting garden. This is beginning of the garden tour.Activity 3b: Look at the picture and fill in the blanks with this tour guide.Come to visit Bridge StreetBridge Street is a good place to have fun. It is a very busy street. You can play the guitar in the park, is there, between the restaurant and the post office. And if you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket, its across from the post office.Self checkActivity 3: You are going to visit your friend. Read the e-mail from him and draw the route from the airport to his house.Dear friend,I know you are arriving next Sunday. Let me tell you the way to my house. Take a taxi from the airport. You pass a bank on your right and then go down Long Street. You go through the Sixth Avenue, Seventh Avenue and Eight Avenue. When you see a big supermarket, turn left. Then go down Bridge Street and turn left at New Park .Go down Center Street and my house is on your right.I hope you have a good trip. Yours, Mike二.要点分析1. hopehp v. 希望；盼望；期待 近义词: hope, wish与want，这三个词都表示“希望”,都可以用作动词和名词。a. hope 既有主观愿望，又相信这愿望是能实现的。b. wish 只表示主观愿望，不考虑这种愿望是否能实现。c. want 是一个常用词，尤其在口语中非常活跃。want 后接不定式，表示“想要做什么”，比hope to do 和wish to do的口气更随便，所表达的主观愿望并不十分强烈。want之后可接名词或代词，表示“想要得到某物”，而wish和hope后面不可接名词，需加介词for再接名词。I want a pair of glasses. 我想要一副眼镜。We are hoping for fine weather for your trip. 我们希望此次旅行能有个好天气。He wished to see his daughter again before he died. 他希望在死之前能够再见一次女儿。 常用词组hope for 希望；期待2. arriveraIv v. 到达；抵达 arrive 作“到达”解时，只表示一时的动作。a. arrive 表示到达某地，后面要接介词，到达的地方范围大时用in，地方小时多用at。若地点为地点副词或后面没有地点时,则省掉介词。 They will arrive in Florida at midnight. 他们将在午夜到达佛罗里达(美国的一个城市)。They arrived at the station in the afternoon. 他们下午到达车站。She has arrived for a month. (不能用一段时间)She arrived a month ago. 她一个月前到了。b. arrive home 作“到家”解，但“到某人家”必须与at连用。I guess he will arrive home in the evening. 我猜他将在晚上到家。I guess he will arrive at his parents home in the evening. 我猜他将在晚上到他父母家。 近义词: get to与reacha. get to也表示“到达”之意，可与任何地点连用。b. reachri:t 是及物动词(后面可以直接跟名词)，意为“到达”，其后直接接到达的地点，而不用任何介词。My father arrived in Shanghai. 我爸爸到达上海了。He arrived at the station .他已到达火车站。He got to the hospital this morning. 他上午到了医院。Li Ming reached Beijing the day before yesterday. 李明前天到达北京。 反义词 leaveli:v v. 离开 常用词组arrive home 到家arrive here 到达这里arrive there 到达那里3.acrosskrs prep. 横过，在对面。There is a theater across the street. 街对面有一家戏院。 用法提示a. 表示“从(某物)的一边到另一边”。She swam across the river. 她从河的这边游到那边。b. 表示“横过；在对面”，后面可接from。Their school is across the street. 他们的学校在街道的对面。Susan lives across the road. 苏珊住在路的对面。Across from the park is an old hotel. 公园的对面是一个老饭店。c. 表示“与交叉”。At one point the railway line goes across the road. 在一个地方铁路与公路交叉。 近义词：througha. through意为“通过,从穿过”,表示从某物中间穿过。We walked through the market to the track park. 我们穿过市场到了卡车停车场。A river flows through the city. 一条河流流经这个城市。b. across意为“横过,穿过”,表示从一边横穿到另一边。A boy ran across the street. 一个男孩跑过了街道。4. 方位介词的用法。 across from 在的对面。 next to 靠近，在的旁边 near 在的附近 betweenand 在之间 in front of 在前面：表示“在某一空间外的前面” in the front of 在前面：表示“在某一空间里的前面” behind 在后面 应用：a.The pay phone is across from the library. b.The supermarket is next to the library. c.There is a post office near here.d.The library is between the post office and the super market. e.He stands in front of the building.他站在大楼前面。(屋外)f.He sat in the front of the classroom.他坐在教室前面。(屋里)g.The hotel is behind the library【提醒】介词后的人称代词需用宾格形式，5. A with B 结构的用法。 with为介词，在句中常做后置定语，对被修饰语的特征进行描述。意思接近于have和wear，但have和wear在句中常充当谓语。 试对比：()The girl with long hair is my sister. (做girl的后置定语)()The girl has long hair is my sister. (句子结构错误)()Im tall and I wear glasses. (wear在句中做谓语)()Im tall with glasses. (with在句中对I进行解释说明)()Im tall and I with glasses. (with不能做谓语，故该句子错误) 三.短语 post office 邮局 pay phone 投币式公用电话 next to 在隔壁、紧挨着 across from 在对面 in front of 在前面(外) betweenand 在和之间on a street 在街上 in the neighborhood 在附近 take a walk 散步 have fun 玩得开心 the way to 去的路 take a taxi 打的/乘出租车 go straight 一直向前走arrive in/at 到达go down(along) 沿着走 go through 穿过 turn right/left 向右/左转 have a good trip 旅途愉快 at the end of 在结束时at the beginning of 在初期from the beginning 从一开始from beginning to end 从头到尾in the beginning 开始时，起初beginning of 在开始时on ones right/left 在某人右/左边on the right/left 在右/左边in the neighborhood 在附近 =near here =around herecome over to从一个地方来到另一个地方，过来四.句型 1. Is there a .? (问是否有、是否存在；have表示“拥有”) -Excuse me. Is there a hotel in the neighborhood. -Yes, there is. /No. there isnt 2. Where is .? (问地点)-Where is the park, please? -Its behind the bank.(肯定回答) -Im sorry, I dont know. (否定回答) 3. Which is the way to +地点? (问路)How can I get to +地点?Can you tell me the way to +地点？例如：Which is the way to the library. How can I get to the restaurant? Can you tell me the way to the post office? 4. enjoy 后接名词或动词-ing 形式.Do you enjoy(=like) your work? Do you enjoy(=like) living in the city? 五.日常交际用语 1. Bridge Street is a good place to have fun. 2. I hope you have a good trip. 3. If you are hungry, you can buy food in the restaurant. 4. Take a walk though the park. 5. Let me tell you the way to my house. 6. Just go straight and turn left.7. Across from the park is an old hotel. (倒装句: an old hotel是主语)Next to the hotel is a small house with an interesting garden. 8. This is beginning of the garden tour.Unit 3 Why do you like koalas?panda pnd (熊猫)giraffedr:f (长颈鹿)penguinpengwIn (企鹅) koalak:l (考拉) dolphindlfIn (海豚) tigertaIg (老虎)elephantelIfnt (大象) lionlaIn (狮子)wolfwlf (狼)zebrazi:br (斑马) bullbl (公牛) cowka (母牛) goatgt (山羊) sheepi:p (绵羊) deerdI (鹿) bearbe (熊)pigpIg (猪) dogdg (狗) monkeymkI (猴子) donkeydkI (驴子)batbt (蝙蝠) catkt (猫)kangaroo.kgru: (袋鼠) mousemas (鼠)rabbitrbIt (兔子) eaglei:gl (老鹰)fishfI (鱼) flyflaI (苍蝇)cockkk (公鸡) henhen (母鸡) chickentIkIn (鸡) horseh:s (马)duckdk (鸭子)goosegu:s (鹅)antnt (蚂蚁) beebi: (蜜蜂) birdb:d (鸟) snakesneIk (蛇)cutekju:t (可爱的、聪明的)friendly(友好的) frendlIsmartsm:t (机灵的、聪明的) beautifulbju:tfl (美丽的)cleverklev (机灵的、聪明的) uglyglI (丑陋的)shyaI (害羞的) lazyleIzI (懒惰的)duringdjrI (在期间) meetmi:t (肉/不可数)leafli:f (树叶)leavesli:vz复数/叶子的总称grassgr:s (草/无复数) grassesgr:sIz (禾本科植物)zoozu: (动物园) mapmp (树叶) animalnIml (动物) relaxrIlks (放松、缓和)bingobig (一种游戏) prettyprItI (相当地、很)一. 听力Section A Activity 1b: Listen and check the animals you hear in 1a.Conversation1A: Lets see the pandas first. Pandas are my favorite animals.B: Why is that?A: Because they are very cute.Conversation2A: Lets see the giraffes. (祈使句)B: Why ?A: Because they are interesting.Coverston3A: Lets see the penguins now. I like penguins .B: Why ?A: Because they are beautiful.Activity 2a: Listen and write the animals you hear. Draw a line from the animals to the description words.A: Lets see the koalas.B: Why do you like koalas ?A: Because they are very cute .A: Well, I like dolphins.B: Why do you like dolphins?A: Because they are kind of interesting.Activity 2a: Listen againActivity 4: GAME BingoWrite nine of these words in the squares below. Then listen and cross out X the words you hear. Say BINGO when you get a row of Xs. The first person to get a row of Xs in any direction is the winner.Conversation1A: You know, lions are pretty smart. prItI (相当、非常)B: Dolphins are very smart, too.Conversation2A: Giraffes and elephants are from Africa.B: Yeah, and koalas are from Australia.Conversation3A: Where are pandas from?B: Pandas? Theyre from China.Section B Activity 2a: Listen and circle the description words you hear in activity 1.Conversation1A: Where do you want to go now?B: Lets see the elephants.A: The elephants? Why do you like elephants?B: Oh, theyre interesting. And theyre really clever.A: Yes, but they are ugly, too.B: Oh, Tony. So, where do you want to go?A: Lets see the pandas. they are kind of cute.B: Oh yeah, I love pandas. They are beautiful. But They are also kind of shy. Where are they?A: Theyre over there on the left, just across from the koalas.Activity 2a: Listen againActivity 3a: Read the descriptions and match them with the animals.Molly This is Molly. She is twelve years old. She is from Africa. She likes to play with her friends and eat grass.Ling Ling This is Ling Ling. Shes five years old. She is from China .Shes very beautiful, but she is very shy. So, please be very quiet.(祈使句)BillThis is Bill. Isnt he cute? Hes from Australia. He sleeps during the day, but at night, he gets up and eats leaves.Activity 3b: Look at the lion in 3a. Then fill in the blanks with the words in the box.LarryThis is Larry. Hes eight years old. Hes from Africa. He eats meat. Larry is lazy, he usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day!二.要点分析1. like的用法作及物动词，后接名词或代词，表示对事物的兴趣或爱好。与would, should连用，表示“想要、愿意、希望”，语气委婉。like to do sth. 表示偶尔喜欢做某事、或者突然喜欢干某事。like doing sth. 强调喜欢和爱好的是一般性的行为或事实。 How do you like? 用来询问对方，意为“你觉得怎么样?” What do you like? 询问对方的爱好，意为“你喜欢什么?like作介词，意为“像”、“和一样”。应用：a. I like fish and vegetables very much.b. Would you like something to drink? 你想要喝点什么吗?c. Do you like to play basketball?d. The girl doesnt like doing housework.e. How do you like the city?你觉得这座城市怎么样?f. What do you like? I like swimming.g. She looks like her mother. The boy jumps like a monkey. We dont need a man like him 2. smart，clever和cute：都是形容词。cute意思是聪明的，伶俐的，惹人喜爱的，常用于口语当中，同义词是clever，在口语中有时也可以通用。但cute多用来指动物的聪明、漂亮及惹人喜爱。clever主要用来形容人或动物的脑子灵活，理解事物快。smart意思也是聪明的，既可以修饰人也可以修饰物，与clever是同义词。3. 使役动词let的用法：lets = let us。lets 后面用动词原形，意为“让我们做吧”，表示一种建议。 let sb. do sth. 表示“让某人做某事” 应用a. Let me help you. 让我来帮你吧。b. Let him have a try. 让他试一试。c. Lets see the pandas first. 咱们先看熊猫吧。 使役动词还有：make和have make sb. do sth. 表示“叫某人做某事”= have sb. do sth.4. kind of 与 a