2022年考博英语-西南交通大学考试题库及模拟押密卷54（含答案解析）

2022年考博英语-西南交通大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题This research has attracted wide （ ） coverage and has featured on BBC televisions Tomorrows World.问题1选项A.messageB.informationC.mediaD.data【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。media coverage表示“媒体报道”。句意：这个研究已吸引了广泛的媒体报道且成为英国广播公司的“未来世界”的特别节目。2. 单选题Did you notice the （ ） on the doctors face when heard that Kino had found the pearl of the world?问题1选项A.appearanceB.expressionC.descriptionD.look【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。选项A：appearance “外貌，外观”；选项B：expression意为“脸色，表现， 表情，态度，腔调”；选项C：description “描述，描写，类型，说明书”；选项D：look意为“样子，面容，看”。根据题意，本题选项B更符合题意，正确。句意：听说Kino找到了世界明珠之后，你注意到医生脸上的表情了吗?3. 单选题With all this work on hand, he （ ） to the cinema last might.问题1选项A.mustnt goB.wouldnt goC.oughtnt goD.shouldnt have gone【答案】D【解析】语法题。考查虚拟语气。句意：因为手头有这些工作要做，他昨晚不该去看电影的。由句意可知这里表示与过去事实相反的假设，应用虚拟语气，故选D项，表示 “本不该去看电影”。4. 单选题Any negative statements and accusations should be made（ ）and forthrightly answered, preferably at the level on which they originate.问题1选项A.promptlyB.thoroughlyC.punctuallyD.exactly【答案】A【解析】句意:任何否定的言论和指控都应迅速、直接地作出答复，最好是在它们产生的层面上。考查副词辨析。promptly 迅速地;敏捷地；thoroughly 充分的；彻头彻尾 的；punctually 按时地；如期地；exactly 正确地；严密地。并列连词and连接空格跟forthrightly(直接地)，因此四个选项中，A项正确。5. 单选题（ ）all our kindness to help her, Sara refused to listen.问题1选项A.AtB.InC.ForD.On【答案】C【解析】句意:尽管我们好意要帮助Sara，但她不肯听从我们。考查短语辨析。At all（否定）根本，究竟；in all总共，合计；for all 尽管，虽然；没有on all的搭配用法。根据后半句句意 “但她不肯听从我们”可知C项正确。6. 单选题It is not easy to learn English well but if you （ ）, you will succeed in the end.问题1选项A.hang upB.hang aboutC.hang onD.hang onto【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。选项A：hang up “挂断电话，搁置”;选项B：hang about “徘徊，闲荡”; 选项C:hang on “坚持下去，不挂断，握住不放”;选项C：hang onto “依附，继续保留，紧紧抓住”。句意：学好英语并不容易，但如果你坚持下去，你最终会成功的。根据句意可知，选项C更符合题意，正确。7. 单选题Among the many subjects in school, mathematics is probably the most（ ）one, depending least on a students background and culture.问题1选项A.universalB.abstractC.arbitraryD.concrete【答案】A【解析】句意:在学校的许多科目中，数学可能是最全球化的一门，因为它丝毫不会取决于学生的文化背景。考查形容词辨析。universal 普遍的，通用的，全世界的；abstract 抽象的，纯理论的;arbitrary 任意的，武断的，专制的;concrete 实在的,具体的。根据后面句意 “因为它丝毫不会取决于学生的文化背景”可知这里应该指数学可能是最全球化的一门学科。8. 单选题As one works with color in a practical or experimental way, one is impressed by two apparently unrelated facts. Color as seen is a mobile changeable thing depending to a large extent on the relationship of the color to other colors seen simultaneously. It is not fixed in its relation to the direct stimulus which creates it. On the other hand, the properties of surfaces that give rise to color do not seem to change greatly under a wide variety of illumination colors, usually (but not always) looking much the same in artificial light as in daylight. Both of these effects seem to be due in large part to the mechanism of color adaptation mentioned earlier.When the eye is fixed on a colored area, there is an immediate readjustment of the sensitivity of the eye to color in and around the area viewed. This readjustment does not immediately affect the color seen but usually does affect the next area to which the gaze is shifted. The longer the time of viewing, the higher the intensity, and the larger the area, the greater the effect will be in terms of its persistence in the succeeding viewing situation. As indicated by the work of Wright and Schouten, it appears that, at least for a first approximation, full adaptation takes place over a very brief time if the adapting source is moderately, bright and the eye has been in relative darkness just previously. As the stimulus is allowed to act, however, the effect becomes more persistent in the sense that it takes the eye longer to regain its sensitivity to lower intensities. The net result is that, if the eye is so exposed and then the gaze is transferred to an area of lower intensity, the loss of sensitivity produced by the first area will still be present and appear as an “afterimage” superimposed on the second. The effect not only is present over the mutual area causing the “local adaptation” but also spreads with decreasing strength to adjoining areas of the eye to produce “lateral adaptation”. Also, because of the persistence of the effect if the eye is shifted around from one object to another, all of which are at similar brightness or have similar colors, the adaptation will tend to become uniform over the whole eye.1.This selection is primarily concerned with（ ）.2.Whether a colored object would, on two viewings separated in time, appear to the viewer as similar or different in color would depend mostly on（ ）.3.If a persons eye has been looking at an object in bright sunlight for some time, and then shifts to an object not well lit, we can expect（ ）.4.The word superimpose (Line 12, Paragraph 2) has the closest meaning to（ ）.5.The present selection has apparently been preceded by some explanation of（ ）.问题1选项A.the eyes adaptation to colorB.the properties of colored surfacesC.the color of colorsD.the effect of changes in color intensity问题2选项A.the color mechanism of the eye in use at the time of each viewingB.whether the object was seen in artificial or natural lightC.what kind of viewing had immediately preceded each of the viewingsD.the individuals power of lateral adaptation问题3选项A.a time lag in the focusing ability of the eyeB.the immediate loss of the afterimage of the first objectC.some inability to see colors of the latter-named objects until loss of sensitivity has been regainedD.the adaptation in the central area of the eye but little adaptation in the lateral areas to the new intensity level问题4选项A.put something overB.force something to appearC.levy something uponD.make something available问题5选项A.some experiment with color pigmentsB.the nature of colorC.the color properties of various surfacesD.the mechanism of the eyes adaptation to color【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。第一段提出:Both of these effects seem to be due in large part to the mechanism of color adaptation mentioned earlier (这两种效果在很大程度上都是由于前面提到的颜色适应机制)，后面接着论述了眼睛对颜色的适应。由此可知A项“眼睛对颜色的适应”正确。第2题:判断推理题。根据题干定位至第二段:The longer the time of viewing, the higher the intensity, and the larger the area, the greater the effect will be in terms of its persistence in the succeeding viewing situation (观看时间越长，强度越高，面积越大，在接下来的观察中存留的影响就越大)。由此可知答案为C项“快速转移视线前所见景物”.第3题:判断推理题。根据题干定位到第二段第六句: The net result is that, if the eye is so exposed and then the gaze is transferred to an area of lower intensity, the loss of sensitivity produced by the first area will still be present and appear as an “afterimage” superimposed on the second (最终的结果是，如果眼睛盯着某种颜色看，然后转移到较低强度的区域，由第一区域产生的灵敏度损失将仍然存在，并将会作为后像出现而叠加到第二个区域中)。由此可知C选 项“直到失去的敏感度恢复了，才能看到后一个物体一些原本看不到的颜色”正确。第4题:词义题。可参考第二段第六句: The net result is that, if the eye is so exposed and then the gaze is transferred to an area of lower intensity, the loss of sensitivity produced by the first area will still be present and appear as an “afterimage” superimposed on the second (最终的结果是，如果眼睛盯着某种颜色看，然后转移到较低强度的区域，由第一区域产生的灵敏度损失将仍然存在，并将会作为后像出现而到第二个区域中)。由此可知，superimposed指 “叠加的”。因此A项 “把某物放在上面”正确。第5题:判断推理题。根据题干定位至第一段最后一句: Both of these effects seem to be due in large part to the mechanism of color adaptation mentioned earlier (这两种效应似乎和之前提到的颜色适应机制有很大关系)。由此可知D项“眼睛适应颜色的机制”正确。9. 单选题Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future.The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types.Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion （拥挤）.One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable （可伸缩的）arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the cars movements.The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer （蜂鸣器）that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present day highway.1.One significant improvement in the future car will probably be （ ）.2.What is the authors main concern?3.What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system?4.In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to do is to （ ）.5.What is the authors attitude toward the future of autos?问题1选项A.its power sourceB.its driving systemC.its monitoring systemD.its seating capacity问题2选项A.How to render automobiles pollution-free.B.How to make smaller and safer automobilesC.How to solve the problem of traffic jamsD.How to develop an automated subway system问题3选项A.A railB.An engineC.A retractable armD.A computer controller问题4选项A.keep in the right laneB.wait to arrive at his destinationC.keep in constant touch with the computer centerD.inform the system of his destination by phone问题5选项A.Enthusiastic.B.PessimisticC.OptimisticD.Cautious【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第二段指出：It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types（它应该变得更小、更安全和更经济且不再由汽油发动机提供动力，未来的汽车也应该比现在更环保）。因此A项“它的动力来源”正确。第2题:细节事实题。第三段指出：Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion（不管它的动力来源如何，在未来，汽车也将仍然是导致城市交通拥挤的主要因素）。之后的两个段落就解决这个问题进行了论述。因此，作者主要关心如何解决交通堵塞的问题，故选C项。第3题:细节事实题。第四段指出: .make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically (与轨道接触，它类似于为地铁列车供电的东西)。因此，A项 “铁轨”正确。第4题:细节事实题。第五段指出：The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system（司机将使用电话将目的地指示拨入系统）。因此D项 “用电话通知系统他的目的地”正确。第5题:观点态度题。作者在第一段指出了有关汽车未来的两个观点，一是汽车将会被人废弃，二是汽车依然会是城市交通的主要方式。随后提到其他权威人士认为汽车在可预见的未来将仍然是一个主要的城市交通工具，后面对未来发展问题的解决进行探讨。由此可见作者对于汽车的发展是持乐观态度的。故选C项。10. 单选题A class action lawsuit has been filed against a prominent Toronto doctor by patients who allege he injected a banned substance into their faces for cosmetic purposes. The doctor had already been investigated for more than three years for using the liquid silicone, a product not authorized for use in Canada.Some patients say they are now suffering health problems and think the liquid silicone may be to blame. One of those patients is Anna Barbiero. She says her Toronto dermatologist told her he was using liquid silicone to smooth out wrinkles. What she says he didnt tell her is that it isnt approved for use in Canada. “I didnt know what liquid silicone was and he just called it liquid gold, Barbiero remembers. After her last treatment, Anna discovered Dr. Sheldon Pollack had been ordered to stop using the silicone two years earlier by Health Canada. Experts say silicone can migrate through the body, and cause inflammation and deformities.“My upper lip is always numb and it burns”，Barbiero says. Barbiero is spearheading （带头） a lawsuit against the doctor, who her lawyer thinks might involve up to 100 patients injected with the same material. “The fact, a physician of his stature would use an unauthorized product on a patient because he thought it was okay, is really very disturbing.” says lawyer Douglas Elliott.Ontarios College of Physicians and Surgeons is also investigating Dr. Pollack to see if, in fact, he continued to use the silicone after agreeing to stop and whether he wrote in patient records that he used another legal product when he used silicone. However, in a letter to the College, Dr. Pollack wrote that he had always told patients that the silicone was not approved for sale in Canada, and had warned them of the risks. And in Barvieros case, “.at the time of her first visit, prior to her ever receiving IGLS treatment, I specifically informed her that the material was not approved for sale in Canada by the Health Protection Branch and that I did receive the material from outside the country. I would like to emphasize that, as is evident on Ms. Barbieros chart, I drew a specific diagram on the chart which I carefully discussed with and explained to Ms. Barbiero as I did with every other patient to explain the nature and likelihood of complications and the reasons and consequences of those possible complications.”Dr. Pollack decline to speak to CTV News, or to have his lawyer discuss the case. None of the allegations have been proven in court. But the cause raises questions about the ability of governing bodies to monitor doctors. “Theres a large message and that is: buyer beware,” says Nancy Neilsen of Cosmetic Surgery Canada, Its incumbent （负有义务的）on consumers to do their research.”1.Doctor Sheldon Pollack was charged that （ ）.2.What does the word dermatoIogist(Line2.Para2) mean?3.The investigation of Ontarios College of Physicians and Surgeons is to find （ ）.4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?5.From the ending part of the passage, we can conclude that （ ）.问题1选项A.he had prescribed wrong medicine for patients by mistakeB.he had treated his patients with something illegal, causing bad resultC.he had pretended to be a prominent surgeonD.he had sold an unauthorized product in large amount问题2选项A.A person whose work is filling, cleaning and taking out teethB.A person whose work is studying mental diseasesC.A person whose work is healing eye diseasesD.A person whose work is curing skin diseases问题3选项A.whether he still has illegal treatment on his patientsB.how many patients have been abusedC.if he told his patients about the riskD.how much money he got from his illegal treatment问题4选项A.Barbiero took the treatment after being told the riskB.Dr. Sheldon Pollack started his work with the patients agreement accept the potentialC.A famous doctor should be authorized to use something, he thinks okay on patientsD.Barbiero is suffering a lot问题5选项A.Barbiero will win the lawsuitB.Dr. Sheldon Pollack will win the lawsuitC.the cases have been dismissedD.governing bodies to monitor doctor will be charged【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第一段指出：A class action lawsuit has been filed against a prominent Toronto doctor by patients who allege he injected a banned substance into their faces for cosmetic purposes（日前，多伦多一名著名医生被患者提起集体诉讼，指控他为美容目的向脸部注射违禁药物）。第二段指出：Some patients say they are now suffering health problems and think the liquid silicone may be to blame（一些病人说他们现在正遭受健康问题，并认为液体硅胶可能是罪魁祸首）。因此B项“他用导致不好结果的一些不合法东西治疗自己的病人”正确。第2题:词义题。“dermatoIogist”所在句为：She says her Toronto dermatologist told her he was using liquid silicone to smooth out wrinkles（她说，她在多伦多的告诉她，他正使用液体硅胶来去除皱纹）。由此推测，“dermatoIogist”可能表示 “工作是治疗皮肤病的人”，故选D。第3题:细节事实题。第四段指出：. to see if, in fact, he continued to use the silicone after agreeing to stop and whether he wrote in patient records that he used another legal product when he used silicone（看看他在同意停止使用硅胶后是否继续使用，以及他是否在病人记录中注明在使用硅胶时使用了另一种合法产品）。由此可知，A项“是否他仍然在他的病人身上有非法的治疗”正确。第4题:判断推理题。A: Barbiero在被告知有风险后接受了治疗。B: Sheldon Pollack医生在病人同意接受这种可能性后开始了手术。文章指出：Dr. Pollack和病人Barbiero对是否告知液态硅胶的潜在风险各执一词。因此A和B项不正确。C: 一个有名的医生应该被授权在病人身上使用他认为没问题的东西。D: Barbiero饱受其害。第三段指出：The fact, a physician of his stature would use an unauthorized product on a patient because he thought it was okay, is really very disturbing（事实上，像他这样的医生会在病人身上使用未经授权的产品，因为他认为这是可以的，这才令人不安）。因此C项不正确，D项正确。第5题:判断推理题。A: Barbiero将赢得这场官司。B: Sheldon Pollack医生将赢得这场官司。最后一段指出：None of the allegations have been proven in court （迄今所有指控都未经法庭认证）。因此A跟B项都不正确。C: 这些案件已被驳回。D: 监督医生的管理机构将被起诉。最后一段指出：But the cause raises questions about the ability of governing bodies to monitor doctors（但是这个案件引发了人们对于政府监管部门对医生的监督能力的质疑）。因此D项不正确，本题选C。11. 单选题To prevent flooding in winter the water flowing from the dam is constantly（ ）by a computer.问题1选项A.gradedB.managedC.conductedD.monitored【答案】D【解析】句意:为了防止冬季洪水泛滥，大坝流出的水由计算机不断监测。考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式表被动。grade 评分；把分等级；manage 管理；控制；设 法；conduct管理；引导；进行；monitor监控。由前半句句意“为了防止冬季洪水泛滥”可知D项符合句意。12. 单选题“Oh, Im too sleepy to study.” “Well, if you （ ） that late movie last night, you wouldnt have been so sleepy.”问题1选项A.didnt watchB.havent watchedC.havent watchedD.hadnt watched【答案】D【解析】语法题。考查虚拟语气。分析题干可知if you （ ） that late movie last night是if引导的条件状语从句，从主句部分的wouldnt have been可知此句是对过去事实的虚拟，因此从句部分应用had+过去分词形式，故选D项。句意：“哦，我太困了不能学习。”。“嗯，如果你昨晚没有观看那个晚场的电影的话，你不会如此困。”13. 单选题Why bother cooking? You dont have time, of course (or you think you dont). That is the big reason. But you also dont do it as well as the professionals, so its tempting to let them handle it for you. Or at least let them give you a head start in the form of meal-assembly shops, cake mixes and canned, frozen and pre-chopped ingredients. Michael Pollan thinks you should bother. His latest book, Cooked, is a powerful argument for a return to home cooking.Scores of food writers and editors, myself included, have long lamented the increasing influence of corporations on the publics diet. We have seen the slow retreat from the kitchen as a primary contribution to Americas obesity epidemic and other health and environmental ills. But perhaps only Pollan can so effectively pick up the threads of so many food movements, philosophies and research papers and knit them into a compelling narrative with a crystal-clear message. He writes “The best way to recover the reality of food, to return it to its proper place in our lives, is by attempting to master the physical processes by which it has traditionally been made.”Dont bet against him. Because of the power of his prose and his reasoning, Cooked may prove to be just as influential as Pollans other book. The Omnivores Dilemma, possibly the single most-cited text by those who profess concern with how our eating choices affect planet.As in The Omnivores Dilemma, Pollan have known that his credibility depends on a willingness to practice what he preaches, so in Cooked he takes just as much of a hands-on approach as he suggests his readers do. He divides the book into four sections in this case, the classical elements of fire, water, air and earth. Each represents a type of cooking - barbecue, braising, bread baking and fermentation - and, as the books subtitle promises, explores cooking as no less than a transformation of nature into food and drink.The results are fascinating, but the magic of Cooked lies not in its ability to unlock the secrets of slow-roasting a whole hog or brewing beer. There are much more helpful, intensive i