2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷98

2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Most people travel in the course of their work are given traveling（ ）问题1选项A.incomeB.allowancesC.wagesD.pay【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。income “收入”；allowance “津贴”； wage “工资”；pay “付款，工资”。句意：大部分在工作过程中旅行的人都会有旅游津贴。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题If we（ ） our relations with that country, well have to find another supplier of raw materials.问题1选项A.diffuseB.diminishC.terminateD.preclude【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。diffuse “扩散”；diminish “减少”；terminate “使终止，使结束”；preclude “排除，妨碍”。句意：如果我们结束与那个国家的关系，我们必须寻找其他原材料提供国。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题The presidential candidate（ ） his position by winning several primary elections.问题1选项A.consolidatedB.intensifiedC.enforcedD.enriched【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。consolidate “巩固；intensify “使加强”；enforce “实施”；enrich “使充实”。句意：这位总统候选人赢得了最初的机场选举从而巩固了自己的地位。4. 单选题The directions were so （ ）that it was impossible to complete the assignment.问题1选项A.ingeniousB.ambitiousC.notoriousD.ambiguous【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。ingenious “机灵的”；ambitious “有野心的”；notorious “臭名昭著的”；ambiguous “模糊不清的”。句意：说明内容模糊不清，因此无法完成这项任务。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题During their first teacher training year, the students often visited local schools for the（ ）of lessons.问题1选项A.observationB.investigationC.inspectionD.examination【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。observation “观察，监视”；investigation “调查”；inspection “视察，检查”；examination “考试”。句意：这些学生在第一年教师培训期的时候，经常去一些当地学校观摩。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题A new kind of radar has been developed for space-age travelers. A working laboratorymodel of a new system of radar that makes use of a beam of light is said to be ten thousand times more accurate than the best comparable system of radar that uses microwaves.The model has shown that radar system can measure with absolute precision speeds varying from spaceship orbital injection velocities of live miles per second down to virtual stops-speeds of less than one ten-thousandth of an inch per second. According to the scientists who are developing this system, such fine measures of velocity are of prime importance in space missions. In a rendezvous （宇宙飞回合点）between two spaceships, or in a landing approach by a vehicle onto an orbiting space station, a bump could rip （划破）open a ships skin, or a nudge could knock the station out of its orbit.The light-beam radar, which operates at a frequency of trillions （万亿）of cycles per second, could easily detect and measure the movement of a vehicle edging up to a satellite space station even at a small fraction of an inch per second. A control systems using so precise a signal as this allow a huge vehicle to dock at a space station as lightly as a feather.1.This radar system is significant because it（ ） .2.Light-beam radar has proved capable of measuring speeds that （ ）.3.Precision in measuring slow speeds will help space pilots to（ ） .4.This radar will be especially valuable in space because（ ） .5.An appropriate title for this selection would be（ ） .问题1选项A.is the first radar system to work in spaceB.is more precise than microwave radarC.is easier to operate than microwave radarD.will work on the earths surface as well as in space问题2选项A.are virtually negligibleB.cannot be detected visuallyC.are of extremely high velocityD.all of the above问题3选项A.attain orbitalB.make rendezvous in spaceC.land at space stationsD.both B and C问题4选项A.accurate measurements are essential in spaceB.the speeds of space vehicles will vary greatlyC.inaccuracies in measurement could cause accidents in spaceD.all of above问题5选项A.Radar for the Space ageB.Rendezvous in spaceC.The Function of RadarD.Problems in Space Navigation【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.文章第一段ten thousand times more accurate than the best comparable system of radar that uses microwaves提到了这个系统比之前的要更加准确，所以选项B符合题意。2.文章第二段第一句The model has shown that radar system can measure with absolute precision speeds varying from spaceship orbital injection velocities of live miles per second down to virtual stops-speeds of less than one ten-thousandth of an inch per second 提到这种雷达能够测量从太空飞船每秒5英里的发射速度到实际静止的每秒小于万分之一英寸的速度，可知这种雷达在肉眼看不到，无法看到，且速度极快，前面三个选项都包含了，所以选项D符合题意。3.文章第二段后半段in a rendezvous （宇宙飞回合点）between two spaceships, or in a landing approach by a vehicle onto an orbiting space station, a bump could rip （划破）open a ships skin, or a nudge could knock the station out of its orbit 提到新的雷达系统的准确性对于两艘宇宙飞船之间的宇宙飞回合点还有空间站是非常重要的，选项D符合题意。4.文章第二段提到激光雷达精确的速度测量对太空飞行至关重要。即使一个轻微的触碰都可能划破飞船外壳，或者是空间站脱离既定的轨道。由此可知选项D符合题意，前面三个选项都包含在内。5.文章主要讲述的是一种新的雷达技术被开发出来运用至太空飞行中。选项A “太空时代的雷达”符合题意。7. 单选题Auction (拍卖)are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asked the crowd to gather in the auction room to bid for various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid highest figures and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down” the goods for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a raised platform.The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction and the English word comes from the Latin “antic”, meaning “increase”. The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war, these miles were called “sub hanta”, meaning “under the spear, a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a carved to gather. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries goods were often sold “by the candle, a shoe candle was lit by the auctioneer and bids could be made while it was burning.Practically all goods can be sold by auction. Among these are coffee, skins, wool, tea, cobra, fir, mat, vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, old books, old china and works of art. The auction rooms at Christies and Sothebys in London and New York are world famous. An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be told and where and when they can be viewed by the buyers. If the advertisement cannot gives full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called drafter, as generally as. The auctioneer need not begin with lot one and continue the numerical order, he safely wait until he the fact that certain buyers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interesting in. The auctioneers services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding.1.Auctioned goods are sold（ ） .2.The end of bidding is called “knocking down” because （ ）.3.In the sentence “The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war,59 the word “spoils” most probably means （ ）.4.In England a candle used to burn at auction sales（ ） .5. An auction catalogue gives buyers （ ）.问题1选项A.for the highest price offeredB.at fixed pricesC.at prices lower than their true valueD.at prices offered by the auctioneer问题2选项A.the auctioneer knocks on the tableB.the auctioneer names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goodsC.the goods are knocked down onto the tableD.the auctioneer bangs the table with a hammer问题3选项A.useless goodsB.spearsC.various kinds of foodD.property taken from the enemy问题4选项A.because the auction sales took place at nightB.as a signal for the crowd to gatherC.to keep the auction room warmD.to limit time when offers of prices could be made问题5选项A.the current market values of the goodsB.details of the goods to be soldC.tile order in which goods are to be soldD.free admission to the auction sale【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.文章第一段第二句提到出价最高的人成为商品的买家（He encourages buyers to bid highest figures and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods），所以选项A符合题意。2.文章第一段最后一句话提到当拍卖商在一块高出来的台面上敲击小锤时，竞价也就结束了（This is called “knocking down” the goods for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a raised platform），选项D符合题意。3.题干中的单词spoil有“战利品”的意思，除此之外，从 “从战争中得到的” taken from war可以推测这个词的意思是“战利品”。选项D符合题意。4.文章第二段指出，18世纪、19世纪的英国，拍卖时会点燃一根短蜡烛，而“当蜡烛在燃烧时，人们可以竞价”（ In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries goods were often sold “by the candle, a shoe candle was lit by the auctioneer and bids could be made while it was burning），由此可知，蜡烛被用来记拍卖的时间。选项D符合题意。5.文章提到如果广告没有列出所有细节，拍卖者就会印发商品目录（If the advertisement cannot gives full details, catalogues are printed）。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题Last year, these ships transported a total of 80 million tons of cargo, a 4.4 percent increase （ ）to previous year.问题1选项A.byB.overC.withD.to【答案】B【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：去年，这些船总共运输了八千万吨货物，比去年增长了4.4%。over “在上”，符合题意。9. 单选题The company （ ）a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet.问题1选项A.is promisedB.has been promisedC.is promisingD.promised【答案】B【解析】考查现在完成时的用法。for ages 时间状语，常与现在完成时连用，表示现在以前的这一段时间里一直在做的事情。选项B符合题意。10. 单选题If we （ ）our relations with that country, well have to find another supplier of rawmaterials.问题1选项A.diffuseB.diminishC.terminateD.preclude【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。diffuse “扩散”；diminish “减少”；terminate “使终止，使结束”；preclude “排除，妨碍”。句意：如果我们结束与那个国家的关系，我们必须寻找其他原材料提供国。选项C符合题意。11. 单选题Many tourist were （ ） by the citys complicated traffic system.问题1选项A.degradedB.bewilderedC.evokedD.diverted【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。degrade “贬低”；bewilder “使迷惑”；evoke “引起，唤起”；divert “转移”。句意：许多游客被这复杂的交通难住了。选项B符合题意。12. 单选题Tom（ ） better than to ask Dick for help.问题1选项A.shall knowB.shouldnt knowC.has knownD.should have known【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。should have “本该”，表示本应该做，实际上没做，用虚拟语气。句意：汤姆早就该知道不能去找迪克帮忙。选项D符合题意。13. 翻译题科技进步正在使我们能够探索宇宙的边陲、物质最基本的成分及生命的奇迹。与此同时，今天，人类所做的及没能做到的事情，不仅危害到这个星球上的生命， 也危害到该星球的寿命。全球化正在使地球变得愈来愈小、愈来愈快和愈来愈富有。尽管如此，9/11、禽流 感及伊朗提醒我们，更小更快的世界决不意味着其更安全。我们正处于一个知识爆炸的世界之中，不过，迫切需要智慧。现在，在(新闻采访 的)原声摘要播出变得愈来愈短，即时信息淘汰了杂记文，个人生活变得如痴如狂之际，这个世界还是需要能够深思的大学生。考虑到这些理由，我过去信仰，而今天甚至更加强烈地信仰大学独特的、无可取代的使命。对今天许多人来说，科学家给人民的形象是他们收集数据，客观地追求真理。科学是如此受到尊重，以至在任何关于智力、教育、能源等话题的讨论中只要一 句话：“科学这样说的”就会把反对意见压下去。研究人员发现存在弄虚作假的现象，即许多科学家对所得资料加以修改，使之有利于学生本人期望的结果的倾向。【答案】The advancement of science and technology are enable us to probe the furthest reaches of the universe, the most basic constituents of matter, and the miracle of life.At the same time, today, the action and inaction of human beings threaten not only life on the planet, but the very life of the planet.Globalization is making the world smaller and smaller, faster and faster. Still, 9/11, avian flu, and Iran remind us that a smaller and faster world is not necessarily a safer world.Our world is bursting with knowledge-but desperately in need of wisdom. Nowadays, when sounds bites are getting shorter, when instant messages crowd out essays, and when individual lives grow crazier, college graduates who are thoughtful are what our world needs.For all these reasons I believed, and I believe even more firmly today that the mission of the university is unique and irreplaceable.In many peoples eyes today, scientists are those who collect data and pursue truth objectively.Science is so respected that in any discussion on topics of intelligence, education and energy, the simple saying of “science says so” would suppress any dissenting opinion.Researchers discovered the existence of falsifications, which is the tendency that many scientists revise the data they have obtained, to make it favorable for their expected results.14. 单选题Movie directors use music to（ ） the action on the screen.问题1选项A.contaminateB.complimentC.contemplateD.complement【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。contaminate “污染”；compliment “恭维”；contemplate “沉思，注视”； complement “补充”。句意：电影导演用音乐来补充荧幕上的动作。选项D符合题意。15. 单选题These instruments, which break up structures only to examine them more fully, demonstrate how details can be（ ） and separated from the whole.问题1选项A.amplifiedB.magnifiedC.exemplifiedD.signified【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。amplify “扩大，放大”，多指将声音或者电流放大； magnify “放大”，多指通过放大镜等物品将影像扩大；exemplify “示例”；signify “表示，意指”。句意：通过将设备打开而进行更详细的检查，这些工具展示了如何将细节扩大并把它们从整体中区分开来。选项B符合题意。16. 单选题The political future of the president is now hanging by a （ ）.问题1选项A.threadB.cordC.stringD.rope【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。hang by a thread “千钧一发”。句意：总统的政治未来现在正处在千钧一发的时刻。选项A符合题意。17. 单选题The（ ） on this apartment expires in a years time.问题1选项A.treatyB.engagementC.leaseD.subsidy【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。treaty “条约”；engagement “约会；婚约”；lease “租约”；subsidy “津贴”。句意：这个公寓的租期一年后到期。选项C符合题意。18. 单选题First we should exclude all facts and observations that are not （ ） to the investigation in question.问题1选项A.equivalentB.relevantC.similarD.inferior【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。equivalent “相等的”；relevant “相关的”；similar “相似的”；inferior “下等的”。句意：首先，我们应该排除所有与当下调查无关的事实和意见。选项B符合题意。19. 单选题She remains confident and（ ） untroubled by our present problems.问题1选项A.indefinitelyB.optimisticallyC.infinitelyD.seemingly【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。indefinitely “不确定地”；optimistically “乐观地”；infinitely “无限地”；seemingly “看来似乎”。句意：她仍然对我们现在遇到的问题保持自信乐观的态度。选项B符合题意。20. 单选题Movie directors use music to（ ） the action on the screen.问题1选项A.contaminateB.complimentC.contemplateD.complement【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。contaminate “污染”；compliment “恭维”；contemplate “沉思，注视”； complement “补充”。句意：电影导演用音乐来补充荧幕上的动作。选项D符合题意。