2022年考博英语-云南大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解6

2022年考博英语-云南大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this （ ）produces artificial cold surrounding it.问题1选项A.absorptionB.disseminationC.assimilationD.interaction【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。absorption “吸收”；dissemination “宣传”；assimilation “同化”；interaction “相互作用”。句意：水从固体变成液体需要吸入周围所有物质的热量，这一吸收过程产生的低温。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题The heavy fog had created an optical（ ）that made the opposite shore of the lake seem closer than it was.问题1选项A.imaginationB.conclusionC.illusionD.impression【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。illusion“幻觉”；imagination“想象”；impression“印象”；conclusion“结论”。本句意为“浓雾造成了一种错觉，使湖的对岸看起来比实际更近”，幻觉使得远处的景物看起来更近。选项C正确。3. 单选题Isadora Duncan has been one of the most enduring influences on 20th century culture. Virtually, alone, she restored dance to a high place among the art. Braking with convention, she developed free and natural movements inspired by the classical Greek arts, folk dances, social dances, nature and natural forces. As well as approach to the new American athleticism, which included skipping, running, jumping, leaping and tossing. With free flowing costumes, bare feet and loose hair, Duncan restored dance to a new vitality using the solar plexus and the torso as the generating fore for all movements to follow. She is credited with inventing what late came to be known as Modern Dance.Born in 1878 in San Francisco, Duncan grew up in a childhood filled with imagination and art. Her mother introduced her 4 children to classical music, Shakespeare, poetry, literature, and art. Isadora, the youngest, spent many hours playing and dancing on the beach, and even taught dance classes to younger children as a way to earn money to help her struggling family. In her teenage years she travelled to Chicago and New York with some of her family members, working and performing in various productions or vaudeville shows, with limited success. It was not until she reached London that Duncan began to find acceptance for her dancing. She performed in private salons for ladies of social Standing and their guests, in both London and Paris. Gradually her popularity grew, and she began performing on great stages throughout Europe.Throughout her career, Duncan had a driving vision for the education of young children. She began her first school in Germany in 1904 selecting children from the poorer classes and providing completely for all their physical and material needs from her own pocket. The financial drain of her schools (also established in Russia and Paris, at various times) forced Duncan to tour and performs considerably, leaving her Sister Elizabeth in charge of the schools. Although believing in what she saw as the chains of marriage. Duncan had two children, who were tragically drowned in 1913. The following years were difficult, and she stopped dancing for a time, but then returned to dance and particularly to developing her pupils. She even adopted six of these children, the Isafortables as they were billed by the press later when they began to perform with her. Tragically, Duncans own life was cut short in 1921 in a car accident in France.1.According to the passage, Duncans great contribution to modem dance was through（ ）.2.The author suggests that Duncans first real success as-a performer occurred （ ）.3.The phrase driving vision in line 18 is closest in meaning to（ ）.4.What does the author mean when stating in lines 15-16 that The financial drain of her schools (also established in Russia and Paris, at various times), forced Duncan to tour and perform considerably.”?5.The common feature of the two tragedies mentioned in the 3 paragraph is （ ）.问题1选项A.performingB.educationC.definingD.restoring问题2选项A.in Chicago and New YorkB.in private salonsC.when she went on the great stages in EuropeD.in London问题3选项A.career preferenceB.clear goalC.poor eyesD.educational interest问题4选项A.she needed to keep working to earn enough to make repairs to drains in her schoolsB.she needed to continue earning money in order to keep her school goingC.it cost her a lot of money to travel to all of her schools, which were in different countriesD.the costs of maintaining the schools were too great问题5选项A.they involved members of the same familyB.they were similar types of accidentsC.they happened about the same timeD.they both involved children【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干信息“contribution to modem dance”定位至文章第一段，由Virtually, alone, she restored dance to a high place among the art. Braking with convention, she developed free and natural movements inspired by the classical Greek arts, folk dances, social dances, nature and natural forces. As well as approach to the new American athleticism, which included skipping, running, jumping, leaping and tossing. With free flowing costumes, bare feet and loose hair, Duncan restored dance to a new vitality using the solar plexus and the torso as the generating fore for all movements to follow.（实际上，她独自一人把舞蹈恢复到了艺术的顶峰。有别于传统，她受希腊古典艺术、民间舞蹈、社会舞蹈的启发，形成了自由和自然的运动，以及运用新的美国运动方式，包括蹦跳，跑步，跳远、跳高和投掷。随着自由流动的服装，赤脚和蓬松的头发，邓肯将舞蹈恢复了新的活力，利用腹腔神经和躯干作为所有动作的前奏）可知邓肯的主要成就是通过她创新而有特色的舞蹈获得的，因此选A。2.细节事实题。根据题干信息“first real success”定位至文章第二段中，由.with limited success. It was not until she reached London that Duncan began to find acceptance for her dancing（取得了有限的成功。直到她到达伦敦，邓肯才开始发现她的舞蹈被认可了）可知在邓肯到达伦敦时，才开始取得了真正的成功，因此选D。3.词义题。A选项“职业偏好”；B选项“明确的目标”；C选项“视力不好”；D选项“教育兴趣”。根据题干信息“driving vision”定位至文章第三段Throughout her career, Duncan had a driving vision for the education of young children.（在她的职业生涯中，邓肯对幼儿教育有），下文She began her first school in Germany in 1904 selecting children from the poorer classes and providing completely for all their physical and material needs from her own pocket.（1904年，她在德国开办了她的第一所学校，从贫困阶层中挑选孩子，并从自己的口袋里完全满足他们的身体和物质需求）描写了她挑选以及培养学生，可知邓肯做这事有计划性，因此选B，更符合句意。4.推理判断题。根据题干信息“The financial drain of her schools forced Duncan to tour and perform considerably.（学校的资金流失迫使邓肯巡回演出）”定位至文章第三段，由前句中的providing completely for all their physical and material needs from her own pocket（从自己的口袋里完全满足他们的身体和物质需求）可知邓肯独自一人负责所有学生的花费，即学校的资金由她提供，因此B选项“她需要继续挣钱才能使她的学校继续运转”符合题意。5.推理判断题。文章第三段中的提到了两起悲剧，由第一起Duncan had two children, who were tragically drowned in 1913可知邓肯的两个孩子在1913年被不幸淹死了，由第二起Duncans own life was cut short in 1921 in a car accident in France可知1921年，邓肯本人在法国的一场交通事故中去世了），因此A选项“事故涉及同一家庭的成员”符合题意。4. 单选题NASA is casting a net in the space shuttle investigation as to what caused the spacecraft to swing out of control and（ ）moments before it was to land.问题1选项A.disassembleB.disembarkC.neglectedD.discarded【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项disassemble“拆开、分散”；B选项disembark“登陆、上岸”；C选项neglected“忽视、疏忽”；D选项discarded“丢弃”，句意为：美国国家航空航天局正在对航天飞机展开调查，以查明是什么原因导致航天飞机在着陆前失控。B选项符合句意。5. 单选题Heavy fighting has been going on after the guerrillas had（ ）their offensive attack on local force.问题1选项A.undertakenB.launchedC.begunD.embarked【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。undertake“承担”；launch“发射”；begin“开始”；embark“出发”。本句意为“游击队开始对当地军队发动进攻后，激烈的战斗一直在进行”。begin符合句意，表达进攻从开始就一直进行着。因此选项C正确。6. 单选题He always included something above the understanding of his hearers in order to prevent them from becoming（ ）and to stimulate their desire to learn more.问题1选项A.pessimisticB.complacentC.perplexedD.complicated【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。pessimistic “悲观的”；complacent “自满的；得意的”；perplexed “困惑的”；complicated “难懂的”。句意：他总是在听众理解力之外加上一些东西，来防止他们变得自满，并且激发他们学习更多东西。选项B符合题意。7. 翻译题中国人最懂得消遣。中国人从前的读书人，闲暇时间以琴棋书画作为消遣。在中国人看来，艺术品的好坏，意味着作者人格的高低，所以弹琴、下棋、写字和绘画，都代表了一个人的修养。弹琴不是要做音乐家，而是随着美妙的琴声，进入一个辽阔的世界，净化自己的心灵。【答案】The Chinese have the best pastime. In the past, Chinese scholars used to play the piano, chess, calligraphy and painting in their spare time. In the eyes of The Chinese people, the quality of works of art means the level of the authors personality, so playing the piano, playing chess, writing and painting all represent a persons cultivation. Playing the piano is not to be a musician, but with the wonderful sound, into a vast world, purify their own mind.8. 单选题The accident occurred when a van （ ）on the snow-covered road and bumped into a car that was not able to steer away in time owing also to the snow.问题1选项A.skiddedB.slidC.glidedD.slipped【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：事故发生时，一辆面包车在积雪覆盖的路上打滑，撞上了一辆由于下雪无法及时躲开的小汽车。选项A “打滑”符合题意。9. 单选题Lack of exercise as well as unhealthy dietary habits can increase the risk of（ ）.问题1选项A.mobilityB.moralityC.maturityD.mortality【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项mobility“移动性”；B选项morality“道德、品性”；C选项maturity“成熟、到期”；D选项mortality“死亡率”，句意为：缺乏锻炼以及不健康的饮食习惯会增加死亡的风险。因此选项D符合题意。10. 单选题The technique provides more detailed information about subtle differences in gene activity（ ）with cancer-causing pathways.问题1选项A.coupledB.stainedC.associatedD.integrated【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项couple“连接、成对”；B选项stain“玷污、弄脏的”；C选项associate“联想、联系”；D选项integrate“使结合、使完整”，句意为：这项技术提供了更多有关于基因活性与致癌途径细微差异的详细信息。be associated with“与有关，与有关系”，因此选项C正确。11. 单选题Time for another global-competitiveness alert. In the Third International Mathematics and Science study-which last year tested a half-million students in 41 countriesAmerican eighth graders （1） below the world average in math. And thats not even（2）part. Consider this as you try to（3）which countries will dominate the technology markets of the 21st century: top 10 percent of Americas math students scored about the same as the average kid in the global（4） , Singapore.It isnt exactly a news flash these days（5） Americans score behind the curve on international tests. But educators say this study（6） because it monitored Variables both inside and outside the classroom. Lazinessthe factor often（7）for Americans poor performanceis not the culprit here. American students（8） spend more time in class than pupils in Japan and Germany.（9） , they get more homework and watch the same amount of TV. The problem, educators say is not the kids but the curriculum that is too（10） . The study found that lessons for U.S. eighth graders contained topics mastered by seventh graders in other countries.Teachers actually agree the Americans need to（11）their kids to more sophisticated math earlier. Unfortunately, experts say, the teachers dont recognize that（12） these concepts are taught is as important as the concepts themselves. Most educators rely（13） on textbooks and rote learning. While many textbooks cover（14） ideas, most do so superficially,（15） students with the, techniques but not the mastery, of the broader principles.问题1选项A.recordedB.scoredC.gainedD.climbed问题2选项A.the leastB.the lessC.the worstD.the worse问题3选项A.carry outB.figure outC.count upD.show up问题4选项A.villageB.leaderC.friendD.country问题5选项A.whatB.whereC.whenD.which问题6选项A.ineffectiveB.comparableC.importantD.delighted问题7选项A.ignoredB.viewedC.exaggeratedD.blamed问题8选项A.vastlyB.accuratelyC.actuallyD.merely问题9选项A.As is knownB.To begin withC.Not only thatD.Even so问题10选项A.smallB.shortC.easyD.poor问题11选项A.relateB.exposeC.leadD.instruct问题12选项A.whereB.whyC.howD.whether问题13选项A.hardB.exclusivelyC.intentionallyD.consequently问题14选项A.advancedB.colorfulC.controversialD.ambitious问题15选项A.carryingB.expectingC.leavingD.shaping【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C第6题:C第7题:D第8题:C第9题:C第10题:C第11题:B第12题:C第13题:B第14题:A第15题:C【解析】（1）考查动词辨析。record意为“记录，记载”；score意为“得分”；gain意为“获得”；climb意为“攀登”。由tested a half-million students in 41 countriesAmerican eighth graders 26 below the world average in math.（在41个国家测试了50万学生，美国八年级学生的数学低于全球平均水平）可知B选项最为恰当。（2）考查逻辑关系。根据前句可知美国学生的数学成绩很差以及空格后面的top 10 percent of Americas math students scored about the same as the average kid in the global（前10%的美国数学系学生的得分与全球平均水平相当），可知the worst（最差的，最糟糕的）符合逻辑，此处表示“这一点还不是最糟糕的”。（3）考查词组辨析。carry out意为“实施，执”；figure out意为“理解，弄清”；count up意为“计算总数”；show up意为“出现，揭露”。此处表示“弄清楚哪个国家在21世纪的技术市场占主导地位”，因此选B。（4）考查逻辑关系。Singapore是the global_的同位语，由前面的which countries will dominate the technology markets of the 21st century（哪个国家在21世纪的技术市场占主导地位）可知leader（领导者，领袖）符合逻辑，指新加坡在数学上属于全球领先地位。（5）考查定语从从句。空格处前后为两个完整的句子，用关系副词引导定语从句，先行词为表示时间的there days，因此用when引导定语从句并在从句中作时间状语。（6）考查形容词辨析。ineffective意为“无效果的”；comparable意为“可比较的”；important意为“重要的”；delighted意为“高兴的，愉快的”。此处表示“这项调查很重要”，因此选C。（7）考查动词辨析。空格处为过问分词作定语修饰the factor。 ignore意为“忽视”；view意为“观看，查看”；exaggerate意为“夸张，夸大”；blame意为“把归咎于，责怪”。此处表示“对美国学生表现不佳的原因进行指责”，因此选D。（8）考查副词辨析。vastly意为“极大地”；accurately意为“正确无误地，准确地”；actually意为“实际上”；merely意为“仅仅，只不过”。由前面的Laziness is not the culprit here.（懒惰不是罪魁祸首），可知美国小学生实际上念书的时间比日本和德国都要长更符合语境，因此选C。（9）考查逻辑关系。as is known意为“众所周知”；to begin with意为“首先，起初；not only that意为“不仅如此”；even so意为“虽然如此，即使如此”。由前面可知美国学生在课堂花的时间比德国和日本小孩要多，以及空格后的they get more homework（他们有更多的家庭作业）可知此处表示递减关系，因此选C。（10）考查逻辑关系。由后面句子The study found that lessons for U.S. eighth graders contained topics mastered by seventh graders in other countries.（这项研究发现，美国八年级学生的课程中包含了其他国家七年级学生掌握的课程）以及前句“教育工作者说，问题不在于孩子，而在于课程太了”，可知easy（容易的）符合逻辑。（11）考查动词辨析。relate意为“（把）联系起来”；expose意为“暴露，显露，使面临”；lead意为“代领，领路”，lead to意为“导致”；instruct意为“指示，命令”。此处表示“教事实上，老师们也同意美国人需要更早地给他们的孩子接触更高的数学水平”，因此选B。（12）考查名词性从句。此处表示“专家认为这种理念和如何教这些概念一样重要”，因此用how引导主语从句。（13）考查副词辨析。空格处为副词修饰动词rely on。hard意为“努力地，费力地”；exclusively意为“排他地，独占地，完全地”；intentionally意为“有意地，故意地”；consequently意为“因此，所以”。此处表示“很多专家只信赖教科书和死记硬背”，因此选B。（14）考查形容词辨析。advanced意为“先进的，高级的”；colorful意为“鲜艳的”；controversial意为“有争议的，引起争议的”；ambitious意为“有雄心的，有野心的”。由句中的while可知前后是转折关系，与superficially（浅薄地，肤浅地）相对的是advanced，因此选A。（15）考查动词辨析。空格处为现在分词担当伴随状语。carry意为“运送，携带”；expect意为“期望”；leave意为“离开，丢弃”；shape意为“塑造”。此处表示“给学生留下的只是技巧而不是掌握更高深的理论”，因此选C。12. 单选题Darwin stated that the more survival characteristics a creature has （ ）the chance that new species will adopt these characteristics.问题1选项A.the bestB.the betterC.better thanD.as good as【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。“The+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越就 越”，B选项正确。句意是达尔文指出，一个生物拥有的生存特征越多，该物种拙有这些特征的机会越大。13. 单选题Reduction in overseas government expenditure took place, but（ ）and more gradually than now seems desirable.问题1选项A.reluctantlyB.unwittinglyC.impulsivelyD.anxiously【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。reluctantly “不情愿地”；unwittingly “不知不觉地”；impulsively “有推动力的”；anxiously “不安地，忧虑地”。句意：海外政府开支有所减少，但是比现在所期望的要勉强并且缓慢。选项A符合题意。14. 写作题Directions: Choose one of the two topics to develop an essay of about 300 words.1.At present, Chinas reform of the supply-side structure, or the supply front structure reform is a comprehensive strategic development that involves industry, macro control capital and the fiscal and taxation systems. How do you understand the supply front structure reform? How do you think it influences your career? How do you think it affects the reform of education?2.The idea “craftsmanship” or “the spirit of craftsman” occurs in the Report on the Work of the Government delivered at the 13th National peoples Congress by premier Li Keqiang. How do you understand the spirit of craftsman? How do you think it influences your career? How do you think it affects the reform of education?【答案】略15. 单选题I wish（ ）to Stockholm when I was in Sweden. I hear its a beautiful city.问题1选项A.I wentB.I had goneC.to goD.to hive one【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。wish后面的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，以表示与事实相反的情况，针对现在时间段的愿望，宾语从句常用“过去时”的虚拟形式；针对将来时间段的愿望，宾语从句常用“过去将来时”的虚拟形式；而针对过去时间段的愿望，宾语从句则常用“过去完成时”。本题根据“I was in Sweden”可以看出是最后者，表示与过去事实相反的情况。句意为：我听说斯德哥尔摩是座美丽的城市。真希望在瑞典时去过那里。因此选B。16. 单选题People who consider paperback publishing a recent phenomenon often do not realize （ ） paperbound.问题1选项A.that the dime novels of the 1860s wereB.that the dime novels were of the 1860sC.there were dime novels of the 1860s whichD.that the dime novels of the 1860s which were【答案】A【解析】语法题。根据动词realize和选项，可知空格中应填入宾语从句。因为there不能充当宾语引导词，选项C可排除。根据选项的宾语从句句子结构，可知宾语从句为主系表结构，主语为the dime novels of the 1860s，were paperbound为谓语部分。句意：认为平装本出版是最近的一种事物的人往往没有意识到19世纪60年代的廉价小说就是平装书。选项A符合题意。17. 单选题The centipede has poison claws on the first segment of its body （ ） to defend itself and to kill its prey.问题1选项A.and these usesB.also uses theseC.these also usedD.and uses these【答案】D【解析】语法题。根据句子结构，可知句子的主语为The centipede，谓语是由and连接的两个并列谓语，has和uses为句子的谓语部分。句意：蜈蚣身体的第一节有毒爪，用来自我保护和杀死猎物。选项D符合题意。18. 单选题The government has to consider whether the destruction of one human life can be（ ）by the hopes of saving others.问题1选项A.notifiedB.specifiedC.justifiedD.magnified【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项notify“通知”；B选项specify “指定、列举”；C选项justify“证明合法”；D选项magnify“赞美、夸大”，句意为：政府必须考虑，为了拯救他人，毁灭一个人的生命是否可以被证明是合理的。因此选项C符合题意。19. 单选题The worlds governments have done （ ）nothing to combat the threat of nuclear accidents.问题1选项A.plausiblyB.perceptivelyC.operationallyD.intrinsically【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。plausibly“看似的”；perceptively“有洞察力的”；operationally“操作上”；intrinsically“本质的，内在的”。本句意为“世界各国政府在应对核事故威胁方面没有采取任何行动”，各国政府操作着国家的行动，C选项符合题意，因此选C。20. 单选题At this single point in the interior, there has been in some far distant age, a great sudden volcanic（ ）.问题1选项A.uprisingB.upliftingC.upheavalD.upbringing【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。uprising“升起的”；uplifting“令人振奋的”；upheaval“剧变”；upbringing“教养，抚育”。本句意为“内陆的这个地方，在遥远的年代曾发生过巨大的火山剧变”，upheaval符合题意。因此C正确。