2022年考博英语-浙江工商大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解33

2022年考博英语-浙江工商大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Life is a candle （ ）to burn even brighter.问题1选项A.being meantB.meaningC.to meanD.meant【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。根据句中关键词“burn even brighter越燃越亮”的对应知这里指代“人们希望蜡烛（或蜡烛应该）越燃越亮”；再由“mean”一词在表示“主观希望”时一般用被动语态知D项“meant（其完整形式应该为which is meant）”正确。故正确答案选D。2. 单选题 In an article some Chinese scholars are described as being “tantalized by the mysterious dragon bone hieroglyphics.” Tantalized is one of many English words that have their origins in myths and legends of the past (in this case, Greek and Roman ones). The meaning of the verb tantalize is a very particular one: “to promise or show something desirable to a person and then take it away; to tease by arousing hope. Many (but not all) English dictionaries give you a brief indication of a words origins in brackets before or after the explanation of the meaning. For tantalize the following explanation is given: Tantalus. This means that you should look up the name Tantalus to find out the words origins, and if you do, you will find out that in Greek mythology, Tantalus was a king who was punished in the lower world with eternal hunger and thirst; he was put up to his chin in water that always moved away when he tried to drink it and with fruit on branches above him placed just a little bit out of his reach. Can you see why his name was changed into a verb meaning “to tease or torment by arousing desire”? Another example is the word “siren”, familiar to us as the mechanical device that makes such an alarming sound when police cars, ambulances, or fire engines approach. This word also has its origins in Greek mythology. The traveler Odysseus (Ulysses to the Romans) made his men plug their ears so that they wouldnt hear the dangerous voices of the sirens, creatures who were half bird and half woman and who lured sailors to their deaths on sharp rocks. So the word came to be associated both with a loud sound and with danger! When someone speaks of a “jovial mood” or a “herculean efforts”, he or she is using wordswith origins in mythology. Look these words up to find their meaning and relationship to myths. Many common words, such as the names for the days of the week and the months of the year, also come from mythology. Wednesday derives from the ancient Norse king of the gods, Woden, and Thursday was originally Thors day, in honor of Thor, the god of thunder. As a matter of fact, all the planets, except the one we live on, bear names that come from Roman mythology, including the planet that is farthest away from the sun and for that reason was called after the Roman god of the dead. This god has also given his name to one of the chemical elements. Several other elements have names that come from mythology, too. It seems that myths and legends live on in the English language.1. The purpose of the first sentence in Paragraph 1 is （ ）.2. We learn from the passage, all English dictionaries include（ ） .3. The example of tantalize is to show（ ） .4. According to the passage, which of the following does NOT have origins in myth or legends?5. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?问题1选项A.to lead readers onto the main themeB.to link the preceding part to the present oneC.to arouse readers interest in hieroglyphicsD.to describe the work of some Chinese scholars问题2选项A.legendsB.mythologyC.word originsD.word definitions问题3选项A.how the word came into existence.B.how Tantalus was punished in the lower world.C.how all English dictionaries show word origins.D.how the meaning of the word changed over the years.问题4选项A.Jovial.B.March.C.Earth.D.Wednesday.问题5选项A.Mythology and Common Words.B.Historical Changes in Word Meanings.C.Mythological Origins of English Words.D.Greek and Roman Mythology in Language.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】段落大意题。文章第一段开头第一句是引出tantalize这个词的描述，接下来的几句话，是说明这个词的来源，它是众多来源于过去的神话和传说的英语单词之一。故推测文章第一段是通过举例说明来引出主题。正确答案选A。2.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段“Many (but not all) English dictionaries give you a brief indication of a words origins in brackets before or after the explanation of the meaning.许多（不是所有）的英语字典都会在词的释义前后，用括号给出简短的词源解释”，故这里可知所有的英语字典都会给出英语单词的释义，但不是都会给出英语单词词源解释，或者有关的神话和传说。所以正确答案为D。3.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。文章第一段谈到了tantalize 这个单词的例子，根据第六句“This means that you should look up the name Tantalus to find out the words origins, and if you do, you will find out that in Greek mythology. 这意味着通过坦塔罗斯这个名字找到tantalize单词的词源，如果这样做的话，你就会发现，在希腊神话中”。接下来就是对于对应单词词源详细解释，结合最后一句话“Can you see why his name was changed into a verb meaning to tease or torment by arousing desire? 现在你能猜出为什么他的名字变成了动词，表示（以唤起欲望来戏弄或者折磨某人）吗”，由此推断可知正确答案选A。选项B是具体的例子里面的描述。选项D和题干无关。选线C无法通过第一段中tantalize单词的例子推断出来。4.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第四段第三句“As a matter of fact, all the planets, except the one we live on, bear names that come from Roman mythology 事实上，所有的行星，除了我们生活的地球外，都是以罗马神话中神的名字命名的”故这里选C。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】主旨大意题。通篇浏览全文，文章都在讲英语单词的词源问题，文章中第一段通过tantalize这个单词的例子引出：许多英语单词来源于神话和传说。第二段到五段都是在举例阐述英语里面的单词来源于神话和传说的这一事实。故正确答案应该选C。3. 翻译题 Building a degree of transportation and inventory cost ambiguity into the system design will allow one to estimate high and low values for these costs, with the comfort that costs will come in between these worst and best cases. Global sourcing systems are also dynamic creatures, subject to change and improvement over time. It is essential that the performance of the sourcing system be monitored by all parties to the partnership to maintain its common focus. Several additional items should be considered whenever international sourcing is an alternative for a firm: possible use of child labor, changing tariff structures, foreign trade zones, exporting for assembly in bond, and counter trade.【答案】 在系统设计中建立一定程度的运输和库存成本的模糊性，将可以估算出这些成本的高值和低值，而成本将会在这些最坏和最好的情况之间。全球采购系统也是动态的，随着时间的推移会发生变化和改进。至关重要的是，结为伙伴关系的各方都要对采购系统的性能进行监控，以确保达成共识。当国际采购是公司的一种选择时，应考虑以下额外几点：使用童工的可能性，变化的关税结构，外贸区，保税出口组装和补偿贸易。4. 单选题More often it is the father or mother, and not the children,（ ） the responsibility of generation gap.问题1选项A.who takeB.whom takeC.whom takesD.who takes【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这是一个强调句型，强调的主语the father or mother, and not the children是人且意义上是个单数，强调人可以用who，句意为：更常见的是父亲或母亲而不是孩子要承担代沟的责任。因此答案选D。5. 单选题Little （ ）how happy I had been.问题1选项A.she had realizedB.did she realizeC.she realizedD.has she realized【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。当否定词little位于句首时后面的句子要进行主谓倒装，且由句中关键词“had been（过去完成时态）”的对应知这里应用一般过去时态，故B项“did he realize”正确。6. 单选题The Gymnasium was（ ） by April 2014, but now the wall was still nowhere in sight.问题1选项A.to be completedB.to completeC.to have completedD.to have been completed【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里考查的是非谓语动词不定式的用法。选项A是不定式结构的被动形式，表示被动或是逻辑上的动宾关系。选项B是不定式的一般式，和句中的主语形成逻辑上的动宾关系。选项C是不定式的完成式，表示动作已经发生。选项D表示不定式的完成式，并且含有被动语态，表示动宾关系兼完成状态。分析文章语义“体育馆2014年4月建成”了，选项D为最佳答案。7. 单选题If you want children to work hard you must （ ）their interests instead of their sense of duty.问题1选项A.appeal toB.look intoC.give rise toD.go in for【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项appeal to“呼吁，上诉”；B选项look into“调查，观察”；C选项give rise to“使发生，引起”；D选项go in for“参加，从事；追求”。根据从句“If you want children to work hard如果你想要孩子努力”，和后句关键词“their interests他们的兴趣”，可知“give rise to引起”符合语境，句意为：如果你想要孩子努力，你必须激发他们的兴趣而不是责任感。因此选项C正确。8. 单选题The phrase “a grief ago” （ ）from the conventional norm that we should put a period of time such as “five minutes” before “ago”.问题1选项A.deviatesB.disconnectsC.detachesD.distortes【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项deviate“使脱离，偏离”；B选项disconnect“拆开，使分离”；C选项detach“分离，派遣”；D选项distort“扭曲，变形”。根据句子的主语“phrase短语”和介词from，可知空格意思为“偏离”，四个选项中deviate from有“偏离”的意思，最符合空格意思，故正确答案选A。9. 单选题To survive in the intense market competition, we must （ ）the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world-market demand.问题1选项A.improveB.gearC.guaranteeD.enhance【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项improve“提高，改善”；B选项gear“适合；配合”；C选项guarantee“保证，担保”；D选项enhance“加强，提高”。gear to有“使适合，配合”的意思。根据句子空格前后分析，这里需要填入一个动词，根据题干前面的句意是“to survive in the intense market competition要在激烈的市场竞争中求生存”，结合后面的关键词“qualities and varieties of products商品的质量和数量”，可知B选项“适合，配合”符合语境，句意：为了在激烈的市场竞争中生存下来，我们必须调整产品的质量及品种以适应国际市场的需求。选项B正确。10. 单选题Before the plane（ ） , the pilot bailed out.问题1选项A.clashedB.crashedC.smashedD.struck【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项clash“冲突、撞击”；B选项crash“碰撞、坠毁”； C选项smash“粉碎、撞击”；D选项strike“罢工、撞击”，根据句中关键词“plane飞机”可联系crash“碰撞、坠毁”符合语境，句意为：飞机坠毁前，飞行员跳伞逃生。故正确答案选B。11. 单选题Hydrogen is one of the most important elements in the universe （ ）it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.问题1选项A.so thatB.but thatC.provided thatD.in that【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里的空格考查前后两个句子之间的关系。根据后面句子的意思“it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced 它提供了其他元素赖以产生的建构框架”，可知它表示的是前面句子的原因。这里选项D“in that 因为”适合前后句子语境意思，句意为：氢是宇宙中最重要的元素之一，因为它提供了其他元素赖以产生的建构框架。D为正确答案。12. 单选题The charitable organization set up a（ ）for people escaping from the war zone.问题1选项A.receiptB.regimentC.reignD.refuge【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项receipt“收据、收入”；B选项regiment“大量的人、统治”；C选项reign“任期、主宰期”；D选项refuge“避难、避难所”，根据句中关键词“war zone交战地带”可联想到refuge“避难、避难所”，句意为：这个慈善组织为逃离战区的人们设立了避难所。故正确答案选D。13. 单选题Jane is a girl with an artistic （ ）.问题1选项A.temperamentB.temperatureC.temperanceD.tempera【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查同形词辨析。A选项temperament“气质，性情，性格，禀性”；B选项temperature“度；体温；气温；发烧”；C选项temperance“戒酒，禁酒；自我克制，节制”；D选项tempera“蛋彩画”。填入名词受形容词artistic修饰，故temperament“气质，性情，性格，禀性”符合题意，句意为：简是一个有艺术气质的女孩。答案选A。14. 单选题Last year a booth for simultaneous interpretation was finally set up （ ）government aid.问题1选项A.in aid ofB.by virtue ofC.in light ofD.in respect of【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查介词词组辨析。A选项in aid of“为了帮助”；B选项by virtue of“凭借，由于，因为”；C选项in light of“根据；鉴于”；D选项in respect of“关于，涉及”。government aid在句中做状语，根据上下文可知by virtue of“凭借，由于，因为”符合题意，句意为：去年，在政府的援助下，终于建立了一个同声传译的展位。故答案选B。15. 单选题 Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asked the crowd to gather in the auction room to bid for various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down” the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a raised platform. The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction and the English word comes from the Latin Autcio, meaning “increase”. The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called “sub hasta”, meaning “under the spear”, a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries goods were often sold “by the candle”; a short candle was lit by the auctioneer and bids could be made while it was burning. Practically all goods can be sold by auction. Among these are coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, fruit, vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and works of art. The auction rooms at Christies and Sothebys in London and New York are world famous. An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by the buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “lot”, is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with lot one and continue the numerical order; he may wait until he notices the fact that certain buyers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneers services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding.1. Auctioned goods are sold（ ）.2. The end of bidding is called “knocking down” because （ ）.3. In the sentence “The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war,” the word “spoils” most probably means（ ） .4. In England a candle used to burn at auction sales （ ）.5. An auction catalogue gives buyers （ ）.问题1选项A.at fixed pricesB.at prices lower than their true valueC.for the highest price offeredD.at prices offered by the auctioneer问题2选项A.the auctioneer knocks on the tableB.the goods are knocked down onto the tableC.the auctioneer bangs the table with a hammerD.the auctioneer names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods问题3选项A.useless goodsB.spearsC.various kinds of foodD.property taken from the enemy问题4选项A.to limit the time when offers of prices could be madeB.because the auction sales took place at nightC.as a signal for the crowd to gatherD.to keep the auction room warm问题5选项A.the current market values of the goodsB.the order in which goods are to be soldC.free admission to the auction saleD.details of the goods to be sold【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段“He encourages buyers to bid higher figures and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. 他鼓励买家出更高的价格，并最终将出价最高者称作商品的买主。”由此可知答案选C。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段“This is called knocking down the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a raised platform. 这被称为击倒货物，当拍卖人在一个凸起的台子上敲击小锤子时，竞拍就结束了。”由此可知答案选C。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】语义推测题。定位到文章第二段“The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called sub hasta, meaning under the spear, a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. 罗马人通常以这种方式出售战争中的战利品；这些销售被称为sub hasta，意思是在长矛下，一根长矛被卡在地上，作为一种信号，让人群聚集起来。”由此可知答案选D。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第二段“In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries goods were often sold by the candle; a short candle was lit by the auctioneer and bids could be made while it was burning. 在18世纪和19世纪的英国，商品经常被以烧蜡烛定时限出售；拍卖师点燃了一支短蜡烛，在燃烧的时候可以进行投标。”由此可知答案选A。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章最后一段“If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a lot, is usually given a number. 如果广告不能提供完整的细节，商品目录就会被打印出来，并且每一组被称为“批次”的商品，通常会被给出一个数字。”由此可推知，目录提供了货物的详情，故答案选D。16. 单选题Most of the flights have a baggage （ ）of 44 lbs per passenger.问题1选项A.budgetB.reservationC.allowanceD.limitation【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项budget“预算”；B选项reservation“预约，预定”；C选项allowance“津贴，零用钱”；D选项limitation“限制，限度”。句意为：大多数航班乘客的行李限重44磅。limitation“限制，限度”符合题意，故答案为D。17. 单选题Cultural （ ）indicates that human beings hand their languages down from one generation to another.问题1选项A.translationB.transitionC.transmissionD.transaction【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】名词辨析题。本题考查词义和词形相近的单词辨析。A选项translation“翻译”， B选项transition“过渡、转变”；C选项transmission“传递、传播”；D选项transaction“交易、事务”。根据题干that引导的从句的意思“人类将自己的语言一代一代传递下去。”可知空格部分单词意思为“传播”，句意为：文化传播表明人类将自己的语言一代一代传递下去。因此正确答案选C。18. 单选题When Sarah and I （ ） on an article for the school newspaper, we found it difficult to work together.问题1选项A.compiledB.gatheredC.collaboratedD.collected【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项compile“编辑”；B选项gather“聚集、收集”；C选项collaborate“合作、协作”；D选项collect“收集、收藏”，从句中关键词“work together一起工作”可联系到collaborate“合作、协作”，句意为：当莎拉和我为校报合作写一篇文章时，我们发现一起工作是很困难的。故正确答案选C。19. 单选题The tenant must be prepared to decorate the house（ ） the terms of the contract.问题1选项A.in the vicinity ofB.in quest ofC.in accordance withD.in collaboration with【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项in the vicinity of“在附近”；B选项in quest of“探寻、寻求”；C选项in accordance with“根据、按照”；D选项in collaboration with“与合作”，由题干“合同条款”可知in accordance with“根据、按照”符合题意，句意为：根据合约，房客必须准备装饰房子。选项C为正确答案。20. 翻译题 The idea that a quick recession would purge the world of past excesses is ludicrous. The danger is, instead, of a slump, as a mountain of private debt in the US, equal to three times GDP topples over into mass bankruptcy. The downward spiral would begin with further decay of financial systems and proceed via pervasive mistrust, the vanishing of credit, closure of vast numbers of businesses, soaring unemployment, tumbling commodity prices, cascading declines in asset prices and soaring repossessions. Globalization would spread the catastrophe everywhere.【答案】 一个快速的经济衰退将会消除世界的无节制的想法是荒谬的。相反，随着大量私人债务（如在美国大量的私人债务等于美国国内生产总值的3倍）坍塌为大规模破产，这种危险就是衰退。随着金融体系进一步衰退，螺旋式下跌将会开始，然后通过遍布的不信任、信誉的消失、大量企业的倒闭、不断上升的失业率、大宗商品价格暴跌、资产价格狂跌和飙升的收回资产继续进行。全球化将会将这个大灾难扩散到全球所有地方。