托福同义词词汇表

附件二：同义词宝典写在前面的话 各位亲,你们都是优秀的,因为你们正在奋力实现自己的梦想。 当然,一路上你们需要劈荆斩棘,听说读写,各有难处。 对于托福阅读来,难就难在词汇要求高。单词不是万能,但不背单词万万不能。阅读题目中约有 1/4 是单词题,因此想要驾驭托福阅读,一定要搞定单词题。而且面对这些题目时,最好做到秒杀它,这样才能有余裕处理其它较复杂阅读题目。那么如何秒杀？我们先来了解一个事实：新托福考试自20XX问世以来,考重题的概率已经达到了惊人的程度,一些词汇题也多有重复。 因此要想秒杀,我们可以事先牢记历史上考过的词汇。但不用紧, 这些词汇的总数并不多,而且大部分收录于本手册中,共计20页左右,供亲们短期强化记忆。 路遥费马力,一鼓作气,再而竭,三而衰,建仪大家短期过完一遍,然后重复重复再重复,在读文章中重复,在做题目中重复。如此操作,定能在词汇题上所向披靡！ 另外, 除准备词汇题外,该手册还有一重要作用准备同义替换。我们再了解一个事实：阅读题目的选项通常都是对原文某句话的同义改写,即同样的意思,不同的表达。因此,对于这种换了马甲的答案,我们一定要能洞穿其本质没变。如何洞穿？熟悉常见的同义替换词组就是一个好方法。但是对于一些词汇间的本质联系,亲们可能理解上有些困惑,若有此种情况,强烈建议使用美国的麦克米兰词典,该词典用2000左右的基础词汇解释了所有的高级词汇,何其牛尔！ 最后建议在平日做题时,若有词汇题错误,或者理解错误,不妨纳入那手册,集中记忆,为熟手尔！手册中难免有纰漏,请大家当当啄木鸟,指正错误, 共同完善它。 期望大家托福阅读取得好成绩,托福取得好成绩！A1. absorb=take in=assimilate=incorporateincorporate sth into sth吸收 incorporate=embrace=include 包括反义：exclude, rule out, remove, preclude2. appealing=attractive=compelling=inviting=tempting=popular 吸引的3. absorbed=engrossed=fully engaged in 全神贯注=be not absent4. abundant =abound with=a number of=do not lack=myriad of 大量的5. accommodate=provide with=endow with 给予6. accommodate to = adapt to=be accustomed to= 适应7. accumulate=collect= build up= amass= gather 累积增加=increase8. adherent=advocate=supporter 支持者,拥护者9. adjacent =nearby=neighboring=adjoining 相邻的10. advent=arrival=coming=introduction of sth 到来,引入11. affair = event= occasion =matter=episode事情,事件12. akin to=similar to=alike=analogous 相类似的等于动词resemble13. allocate=distribute =designate 分配,指定钱或人如何使用14. almost=nearly=virtually 几乎程度之深15. aloft=overhead=above 16. alter=change=transform=fluctuate= be unstable 变化,不稳定convert 使转变be stable=do not change 17. anticipate= expect 期望,预料18. antiseptic= sterilized=clean 无菌的,干净的19. antithesis=oppose=disagree with= disapprove of 反对,不同意20. apparent=obvious=evident明显A is made evident by B= B show A21. appreciable= noticeable=striking =conspicuous 显而易见的 22. approach= come closer to 靠近23. approach= means= method=manner=avenue 方法, 方式24. article=item=object 物品25. assertion=strong statement 断言26. as a rule=usually=generally 通常,一般来说27. assorted=various 各种各样的28. assist=benefit=help= aid=favor 对什么有好处或帮助29. attribute=characteristic=feature=trait=property=hallmark 特点,特征30. attribute to= ascribe to =accredit to=due to= owe to 归因于 -B:1 barrier=obstacle=impediment=blockage=obstruction 障碍,堵塞2 be compatible with= can exist together 兼容,共存3 blend=mix together= combine=merge 混合在一起4 blossom=thrive=boom=flourish=bloom 繁盛有时等于develop5 breakthrough=sudden advance=discovery or achievement 突破,成就6. broadly=extensively=widely 广泛的extensive=vast=immense,程度,围大7bulk=main part 主体 in bulk= in large quantity 大量地C:1. capitalize on=take advantage of= exploit 利用2. challenge=dispute 争议disagreementdispute为名词时=contention=argument 争议3. chronic=constant=of long duration=perennial 长期的持续时间长有时,chronic=confirmed 习惯的confirm 作动词时表证实,确定=corroborate4. chronically=constantly=inveterately 长期地,根深蒂固地5. claim=maintain=hold=argue that 认为,声称6. classify=catalog=categorize 分类7. coalesce=fuse=unite=come together 合并8. collide with=run into=hit 碰撞9. concise= shortened=simplified 精简化10. compelling= persuasive=convincing 有说服力的11. compelling= urgently requiring attention= pressing 急迫的emergent12. compensate for =offsetcounteract=countervail补偿,抵消13. compliment= praise=extol 赞美14. component=constituent=element=ingredient 成分,要素15. comprehensive=covering broadly= inclusive 包罗广泛的17. control= refrain=regulate=govern 控制, 抑制,调节18consequence=result=outcome 结果19. considerable= large in extent or degree=substantial 可观的,重要的20. consist of=be made up of=comprised of= be composed of 由.组成21. contrive=create=plan=invent 谋划,设计22. controversy=disagreement=argument 争议23corroborative=confirmative 确实的,确证的make more certain24. critically=crucially=significantly 重要地强调程度大 25crude =original= raw=natural=unprocessed 天然的 crude oil26. conceal = hide = disguise = camouflage 隐藏,掩盖27. conventional= customary=traditional 习俗上或传统上的28concentration=level 浓度,含量29conviction=belief 30. counterpart相对应的人或物=equivalent= similitude 类似物D1. decimate=destroy 毁掉大部分2. delegate= assign=appoint=commission 委派3. delicate=dainty=elaborate4. delicate= fragile 脆弱的,如：delicate ecosystem balance 5. demanding=laborious=exacting=burdensome 费力的需要更多力气,精力,责任等6. demonstrate=illustrate=show 表明,证实7. dependable=reliable 可靠的8. depict=describe=draw 描绘9. desert=abandon=give up=discard=forsake=stop doing sth 放弃,抛弃10. determining= deciding=conclusive 决定性的11. devoted=dedicated 全身心的具有奉献精神,或有强烈兴趣做某事12. devoid of = lack of= without= scant of 缺乏的13. dictate= rule=reign=govern=decide 命令,规定能控制或统治14. diminish = reduce=decrease=dwindle=taper 15. discern=tell the difference=discriminate=distinguish 区分16. discharge= unload= emit=release=issue释放有时=vent发泄17. disintegrate= rot=decay=spoil=decompose=degrade 降解使整体变成部分注意：disintegrate有时也=break/fall/tear apart=crumble碎掉18. disperse=scatter=spread=disseminate=distribute=diffuse 分散19. dissuade= discourage 劝阻,鼓励不做什么事20. diversity=variety=many and different 种类多21. documented=recorded 被记录的22. domestic=home 家里的domestic还表示国的= not be foreign23. draft=sketch=drawing=outline 起草,画draft还有招募的意思24. draw=attract=appeal to=engage 吸引 25. duplicate=copy 复制品 xerox 表示静电复印件26. dweller=resident=inhabitant=settler 居住者,定居者E:1. earned=acquired=obtained=won=gained 获得的2. elaborate= very detailed and complicated 复杂详尽的3. eliminate=remove=eradicate=leave out=rule out= omit 消除, 删除有时removed=extracted, extracted 表示被提取出来的; completely remove也可以=annihilate消灭4. embed=implant=insert 植入,插入5. emerge=arise=appear 出现emergence=appearance=emerging out 这些动词含义接近advent=introduction这两个名词6. encompass=include=incorporate=involve 包含7. encourage=motivate= give incentive to sb 鼓励,激励8. endangered=be in danger=threatened 受到威胁,处在危险中的9. endeavor=attempt=strive 努力尝试着去做10. engage in=participate in=be involved in/with 参加11. enlarge=broaden 或 =inflate 变宽变大 12. erroneous=wrong=incorrect 错误的13. escalate=grow=expand 逐步增长或严重14. estimate=rate=evaluate 评估 ratings 表示评定等级和收视率15. evident=apparent=obvious=clear=explicit=pronounced明显的,明白的16. examine= check=inspect closely=scrutinize=probe 探查17. exceedingly=extremely =deeply 非常地 To an advanced or unusual degree18. exclusive= sole=unique 独一无二的19. exert=give 施加; exert=employ=wield=utilize=exploit=exercise 运用20. exhausted=tired; exhausted=use up entirely 疲倦的21. expedience=advantage 便利 expedient= advisable 有用的,权宜之计的22. extant =remaining=remnant=relic extant 表示现存的 ,后面3个单词可表示遗迹,遗留23. extent=degree=magnitude=scale 围,程度24. extraordinary=exceptional 非凡的exceptional 还表异常的,比如exceptional child/education: 残疾儿童/特殊教育25. ephemeral= short-lived= transient 生命短暂的26. evoke= arouse= create 唤起,引起F:1. fade away= vanish=disappear 逐渐消失memory is fading away2. function as= act as=serve as 起作用3. fixed= do not change=be not erratic/instable 固定的,不变的有时fixed=immobile=motionless=static=stationary 不移动的, 静止的4. flexible=adaptable=elastic 可变通的5. forage for=hunt for=search for 搜寻食物等6. forge=create=invent=devise 建立,创造出7. foster=cultivate 培养；foster= encourage 促进8. friction=conflict 摩擦冲突有时friction=disagreement9. facilitate=make easier 使什么容易发生=help to bring about 10. fragile=delicate=breakable=brittle 脆弱的,易碎的11. freedom= independence; autonomous=unlimited=be not confined自由,未被限制的12. formidable=difficult=tough 难以克服的,可怕的G1. gauge=measure=meter 测量2. green hand=unskilled laborer没有经验的人, 而layman 表外行3. groundless=unfounded=baseless 无根据的4. guide=direct=channel 引导5. grand= Large and impressive in size, scope, or extent; magnificent 大,牛b6. groundwork= basis=base=foundation 根据,基础,理由7. go beyond 超过,超出=surpass=exceed H1. halt=discontinue=cease=terminate 停止不停的incessant= without any stop2. hamper=restrict 限制,阻碍3. harness=utilize=get control of sth 控制,利用,驾驭4. hazardous=dangerous=risky 危险的5. height=apex=summit=peak=crest=zenith 顶峰at the height, 表示什么事情的鼎盛时期, 注意：crest 可以表示羽冠6. hint=indication=clue=implication 暗示,提示7. hue=color=tint 色彩8. humble=modest 谦虚的建议用麦克米兰词典查下humble这个多义词I1. illuminate=brighten=light 照亮另外illuminate还有解释的意思=explain, 其形容词illuminous= bright2. immediate =instant 立刻immediate area=nearest area=neighboring area3. impact=influence=effect 影响4. impetus= momentum =stimulus= incentive 推动力,刺激物5. imposing=impressive 印象深刻的6. improvise=do without preparation= be not fixed 即兴的7. in contrast=in comparison to 比较而言8. inaccessible=unreachable=remote or unapproachable 难以接近的9. inconceivable=unimaginable=unbelievable 不可思议的,难以置信的10. inevitable=unavoidable 不可避免的11. indirect=circuitous=roundabout 间接的,迂回的12. infinite=unlimited= be not confined 没有受到限制的 13. ingenious=clever聪明的; ingenious=creative独特设计的14. inherent= born=intrinsic=instinctive=natural 在的,固有或天生的15. instead of= rather than 而不是16. intentionally= deliberately= not accidentally 故意的17. intensity=strength 强度 intense= very great or extreme18. intrigue=fascinate=interest=attract 使感兴趣19. irreparable =irrecoverable 无法修复的20. isolated=separated=divorced 孤立的,分离的有时isolated=unique, unique本来表示独一无二的,极不寻常的,但在这里unique=only existing or happening in one place or situation,比如这个例句：Mass extinctions are relatively rare events; however, isolated/unique extinctions are quite commonJ1. jeopardize=imperil=endanger=threaten 危及 2. joined=met ; connected 连接上了的3. junction=connection=juncture 联结点junction还是道路会合点的意思4. juvenile=teenager=youth 少年K1. key= important=vital=crucial 重要的2. keen=very strong 强烈的,敏锐的L1. lading=cargo=load 装载2. landscape=scenery 风景landscape还有地形的意思3. lag behind= fall behind 落后如在经济方面4. legacy=bequest=heritage 遗产5. legitimate=valid=authorized 合理合法的6. lethargy=sluggish倦怠, 无精打采7. lethal=fatal=deadly=fateful 致命的bringing death or disaster8. liberal=extensive 开明的,心胸开阔的9. loot=steal 掠夺,偷取10. lucrative=profitable 有利可图的M1. maintain=sustain=keep保持,维持2. make their way=travel 前进,行进3. manageable= operable 容易控制的4. mandatory=required= obligatory 必须的,反义词：optional= selective5. manifest=reveal=display=exhibit显示,表明6. manipulate= operate 操控7. markedly=significantly 显著地8. match=equal 匹敌9. material=physical 物质上的10. meager=scarce=rare=sparse=thin 少的11. mighty=powerful 强大的12. minute=very small= fine=tiny 极小的13. mirror=reflect 反映,反射14. mobility=movement 移动15. modest适度的=limited 有限的16. modification=alteration 修正17. monotonous=boring=tedious=tiresome 单调,无聊的18. mounting= increasing 逐渐增加的19. myriad=numerous 多的N1. notable= famous= well-known= popular= noted= renowned 著名的2. novel=new=fresh 新的3. not only= besides=apart fromO1. obscure=unclear=blur=ambiguous: tears obscured my eyes. 使模糊2. occasionally= sometimes= once in a while= accidentally 偶尔3. organism=creature=living thing=biological living being 生物4. originate= start from= initiate from 开始于5. ornament=decoration=adornment 装饰6. oscillate= change frequently 频繁的变化7. overall=total 总的8. overlap= cover 覆盖,重叠9. oversee=supervise 监管10. overwhelming= dominating 无法抗拒的, 自己被控制或受支配P:1. paradoxical=seemingly contradictory 看似矛盾的有时=plausible 表示貌似可信的2. patch= small area=lot 小块土地 patchy表示斑块的,也就这个地方有一点,那个地方也有一点,分布,组成,质量不太规则3. patron=sponsor=donator 赞助人4. peculiar=strange=eccentric 奇怪的,古怪的5. penetrate=pierce= enter= to gain entrance to渗入6. periodically=regularly 周期性地7. perishable=be easy to spoil 易坏的8. permit=allow=consent 允许9. persist=endure 持续10. pervasive=widespread=spreading 普遍的11. pioneer=initiate 开拓最早干一件事情12. posit =propose=suggest=assume 假定,建议, 认为13. practiced=skilled 熟练的14. pragmatic=practical=utilitarian实用的15. proportion= percentage 比例,百分比16. premise=assumption 前提；premise =prerequisite=something required17. prestige= importance= superiority 威望,优越性18. prevail= spread= pervade: Let peace prevail. 盛行19. predominant=principal=major主要的; predominant=very noticeable 显著的注意：predominate 为动词,表示占优势,支配20. primitive=early= undeveloped= uncivilized 原始的,早期的21. principal= main=primary 主要的22. principle=concept 概念,原理23. prized=valued 珍视的24. procure=obtain=acquire 获得25. professional=specialized专业的26. profound=significant=deep=far-reaching 深刻的27. profusely=abundantly=prolifically 丰富地28. promoted=furthered 促进29. propel=push=impel 推动30. proper=suitable= correct 合理,正确的 31. prospect= future=outlook 前景32. protrude=stick out=project: protruding eyes 向前突出的33. proximity= nearness= close to 邻近R:1. radical=fundamental 根本的 2. radically=extremely 极端地3. ramification=branch 分支；ramification=consequence 结果4. readily=easily: he is always ready to help others.容易地5. reassemble=gather=collect=amass=accumulate 积累,收集6. refine=improve 使变好 如 oil refinery 精炼石油7. reflection=indication: reflect= think 反思8. regime= a system of rules that control something 系统,制度9. release=free= liberate= unleash 使自由 10. relevant=related = be involved with/in= be associated with 有关联的 11. relieve=reduce=lose 减少12. relinquish=abandon= desert 放弃13. render=produce=result in=lead to 导致,致使14. replenish=put back=recharge 补充15. represent=symbolize=typify=stand for 代表,象征16. repudiate=reject 否定,拒绝17. require=stipulate that=necessitate=need 需要,规定要什么18. resist=endure 抵抗, 忍受enduring=lasting=extended持久的19. respond=react 响应20. restoration= recovery恢复=resilience=rebound反弹21. retreat=recede 退去,撤退22. revolutionized=changed dramatically 巨变23. rigidly=strictly 严格地24. rigorous=harsh 严酷的 harsh winter 25. rudimentary=basic= undeveloped 没有怎么发展的S:1. sink=descend=plummet 下降2. save for= except for 除了3. scanty=minimal=very small 少的4. scarcely=infrequently=rarely=hardly=seldom 几乎不5. scope=extent=area= province= realm 围6. scour=search四处搜索7. seemingly= on the surface= superficially 表面上看起来怎么样8. seething=excited 兴奋的seething还有沸腾的, 剧烈的意思9. segment=part=section= portion部分10. sequent=later=ensuing 随后的11. signify=imply=mean 意味着 to be a sign of 12. simulated=artificial 模拟的13. simultaneous=at the same time= coinciding 同时发生的14. sophisticated=complex= complicated= intricate=involved 复杂的15. spectator=viewer=onlooker=beholder 观众, 目睹者16. speculate=think=hypothesize 推测,假设17. spell=a period of time 一小段时间同时spell 还有拼写,符咒等意思18. sporadic=intermittent 零星的,断断续续的19. spontaneous=impulsive 自发的,非计划安排的同时可以=instinctive 或unplanned20. standard=criteria 标准21. steep=immerse=sheer 程度大22. sterile= barren =unproductive贫瘠的23. stray=wander=meander: go astray 迷失24. so far= up to now=up to present= until present 目前为止25. subjective=personal 主观的,个人的26. subsidiary= support= hold up 补助27. subtle=not obvious=obscure=unclear 不明显的subtle还有微妙,精细的意思28. suck= take in 吸入水等29. susceptible=vulnerable =open to attack 易受影响的30. suspect= criminal 犯罪嫌疑人T1. technique=method 技术方法2. tenet=principle=belief 信条3. thoroughly=completely=utterly 彻底地4. typically=usually=ordinarily 通常5. tie=link=bond 联系6. tolerate=endure=withstand=resist the effect of 忍受7. tout= boast= flatter 吹捧8. toxic=poisonous 有毒的9. tool=implement=method=vehicle=approach 工具做一件事的方法10. track= trace=follow 跟踪11. transfer= change= transform 转移有时transfer =hand over 移交12. trend=movement=tendency 趋势13. trivial=unimportant 不重要的 14. transitory=temporal=short-lived=transient=ephemeral短暂的,暂时的 U1. ubiquitous=very common 普遍 2. unanimity=total agreement全体一致3. undue= improper 不合适的4. uneasy= restless= anxious= distressed 焦躁不安的5. uniformly=without variance 均一的,没有变化的6. unshakable= stable=secure 稳定的7. utopia=idealized 理想的V1. vagary=uncertainty 不确定2. versatile=adaptable = all-round 多才多艺的可适应多种情况3. vigorous=energetic: full of vigor 精力充沛的W1. worsen=deteriorate=exacerbate= aggravate 恶化 2. warranted=authorized 授权的3. without exception=universally 没有例外,普遍地4. witnessed=observed 观察到的5. wear=rubbing 磨损Y1. yield=produce 生产2. yearning=longing 渴望的其他1. costs are prohibitive= costs are too expensive 2. disturb=upset 干扰3. groom= make up 装扮；groom=clean 使整洁4. haphazard=random 杂乱的,随机的5. majestic=magnificent 壮丽的6. pare away= remove 修掉,去掉7. pacify= assuage 使平静 to make an unpleasant or painful feeling less severe8. periodically=regularly 周期性地9. pertinent=relevant 有关联的10. postulate=presume=hypothesize 假定11. precarious=insecure 不牢靠的12. truism=self-evidence 自明之理13. A is similar to B = there is a good fit between A and B 14. A gives the way to B= B is replaced by A23 / 23