资源描述
专项学习导学案形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级一、 定义大多数形容词和副词都有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级。1. 比较级用于两者(人或事物)之间的比较，说明“前者比后者更”。2. 最高级表示三者或三者以上(人或事物)的比较，其中一个在某方面超过其他几个，后面可用of或in短语来说明比较的范围。形容词的最高级前一般要加定冠词the，副词的最高级前的the可以省去。二、 构成1. 形容词和副词比较级的规则变化构成方法例词一般在词尾加-er/-estsmall_smart_以字母e结尾的词，在词尾加-r/-stnice_fine_以“辅音字母y”结尾的双音节词，把“y”变为“i”，再加“-er/-est”early_happy_重读闭音节词且词尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母，再加-er/-estbig_thin_多音节和部分双音节词在词前加more/mostoutgoing_interesting_2. 形容词和副词比较级的不规则变化good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostbad/badlyworseworstlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest三、 用法1. 原级的用法：讲述某人或某物自身情况时用原级。 基本句型：主语+谓语+形容词/副词原级+.Heisveryoldnow.他现在很老了。Theyranquitefast.它们跑得相当快。Theweatherlooksratherbad.天气看上去相当糟。Iamsohappy.我是如此的快乐。 表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型：A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as+B.或A+实义动词+as+副词原级+as+B.e.g.Heisasexcitedashisyoungersister.他和他妹妹一样兴奋。Lilyrodeherbikeasslowlyasanoldlady.莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢。 表示一方在某一方面不及另一方时，使用句型：A+be动词+not+as /so+形容词原级+as+B.或A+助动词do/does/did+not +实义动词原形+as /so +副词原级+as+B.e.g. Heisnotso/asexcitedashisyoungersister.他没他妹妹那么兴奋。Lilydidnotrideherbikeso/asslowlyasanoldlady.莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢。2. 比较级的用法：(1)主语be动词形容词的比较级than比较对象，意为“比更”。e.g.Iammoreoutgoingthanmysister.主语实义动词副词的比较级than比较对象，意为“比更”。e.g.Tomrunsfasterthanmybrother.(2)比较级and比较级或moreandmore原级(多音节或部分双音节词)，意为“越来越”【and前后比较级，表示“越来越.”之意】。e.g.Thedaysarebecominglongerandlongerinsummer.Thewindbecamemoreandmoreheavily.(3)the比较级，the比较级，意为“越，就越”【the加比较用两个，表示“越，就越”】。e.g.Themoreexerciseyoutake,thehealthieryouwillbe.【谚语】Themore,thebetter.多多益善。Thesooner,thebetter.越早越好。(4)“Which/Whobe(is/was)比较级，AorB？”表示“A和B，哪一个更？”。e.g.Whoistaller,TimorTom?WhichT-shirtisnicer,thisoneorthatone?Whoismoreactive,MaryorKate?(5)【了解】the+比较级+ofthetwo之类，意为“两个中比较的”【ofthetwo之类比较级前要加the】e.g.Thiswatchisthecheaperofthetwo.这支手表是两个中比较便宜的。【注意】英语中能修饰形容词/副词比较级的单词或短语有：三多：much,far,alot；两少：alittle,abit一甚至：even；一仍然：still3. 最高级的用法：(1)A + be + the+ 形容词最高级(名词)in/of短语，表示“A是中最的”。e.g. Tom is the tallest (student) in Class 1, Grade 8.A + 实义动词+ (the) 副词最高级in/of短语，表示“A是中最的”。e.g. Tomruns(the) fastest in his class.(2)A+ be+the序数词形容词最高级单数名词”表示“第几”。e.g. The Yangtze River is the third longest river around the world.(3)“one of the形容词最高级复数名词”表示 “最之一”。e.g. Lu Xun is one of the greatest writersin China.(4)“特殊疑问词be/实义动词the形容词/副词最高级，A, B or C？”表示“A，B，C哪一个最？”。(5) This is/ was the最高级+名词+that定语从句(现在完成时) “这是里面，最”e.g.This is the worst film that I have seen these years.【注意】当最高级前有物主代词或其他限定词修饰时，其前不加定冠词the. e.g. Who is the tallest, Jim, Mike or Tom? ex. Which language is _ , English, French or Chinese?A. difficult B. more difficult C. the most difficult D. mostdifficult【小试牛刀】I用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。Jackis_(funny)thanBill.Herillnesswas_(serious)thanthedoctorfirstthought.Whichis_(good),thisoneorthatone?Tonyismuch_(clever)thanTom.Chinaisbecoming_(strong)and_(strong)The_(many)booksyouread,the_(much)youwillknow.单项选择1.ThisisnotTinasruler._islonger.A.ShesB.HersC.SheD.Her2.Mr.Smiththinksrunningis_thangymnastics.A.verypopularB.morepopularC.mostpopularD.themostpopular3.Itssummernow.Itisgetting_A.higherandhigherB.lowerandlowerC.hotterandhotterD.colderandcolder4.CanyoutellmewhyyoulearnEnglishsowell?Itsverysimple._youwork,_gradesyouwillget.A.Theharder;thebestB.Thehard;thebetterC.Harder;betterD.Theharder;thebetter5.Iamgoodatmath,buthisEnglishis_thanmine.A.muchbetterB.morebetterC.verybetterD.prettybetter【综合能力提升】用所给的形容词副词的适当形式填空。1. Tom is _ (tall) than Jim.2. Li Lei is _ (young) boy in his class.3. David has _ (many)story books of all the students.4. Li Lei speaks English _ (well) in his group.5. Lucy runs _ (slow) than Lily.改正下列句子中一处的错误。A. Tom comes to school late than Jim._B.Which do you like better, cats,dogs,or chickens? _C. Who is oldest in our class? _D. He thinks math is importanter than Chinese._E. This work is very harder than that one._F. He lives farer than any other student in your class._单项选择1. I think Yao Ming, the famous basketball player, will be _ new Star in NBA. A. hot B. hotter C. hottest D. the hottest 2. In our city its _ in July,but it is even _in August. A. hotter; hottest B. hot; hot C. hotter; hot D. hot; hotter3. Hainan is a very large island. It is the second _ island in China. A. large B. larger C. largest D. most largest4. An elephant is _ than a tiger. A. heavy B. very heavy C. the heaviest D. heavier5. My _ sister is two years _ than I. A. older; older B. elder; elder C. older; elder D. elder; older6.He feels _ today than yesterday.A. tired B. more tired C. more tireder D. much tired7.The line is _ than that one.A. more longer B.much more longer C. much longer D. many more longer.8.I think science is _ than Japanese.A. much important B. important C. much more important D. more much important9.The book is _ of the two.A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D .the thinnest10.She looks _ than she does.A. the more older B. very older C. much. older D. more older11.The garden is becoming _.A. more beautiful and moreB. more beautiful and beautifulC. more and more beautifulD. more beautiful and beautifuler12.I didnt know which was _, so I took them both. A. good B. better C. best D. the best13.What an _ story! Im _ in it.A. interested; interesting B. interesting; interested C. interested; interested D. interesting; interesting14.The jacket is _ nice, but its _ more expensive than that one. A. much; much B. very; veryC. much; very D. very; much15.New York is _ in the United States. A. larger than any city B. larger than any other city C. bigger than any cities D. biggest of all the cities16.Of the two pencil-boxes, the boy chose _ expensive one. A. less B. the least C. the less D. the most17.This kind of skirt looks _ and sells _. A. nice; well B. nice; good C. well; well D. good; nice18.How was the weather yesterday? -It was terrible. It rained _. People could _ go out. A. hardly; hardly B. hardly; hard C. hard; hard D. hard; hardly19.This chair is not _ for him to _. A. strong enough; sit B. enough strong; sit C. enough strong; sit in D. strong enough; sit on20.The little baby looks _. A. lovely B. carefully C. heavily D. Sadly21.The Yellow River is _ river in China. A. the two long B. the second longer C. the second longest D. two longest22.What a _ cough! You seem _ ill. A. terrible; terribly B. terribly; terrible C. terrible; terrible D. terribly; terribly23.The meat smell _.Youd better throw it away. A wonderful B wonderfully C badly D bad24.Dont worry. .She can look after your pet_. A careful enough B enough careful C carefully enough D enough carefully4 / 4
展开阅读全文